Koj cov ntshav kuaj puas qhia tias muaj "Blast Cells"? Cia peb tham txog qhov no!

Qee zaum koj yuav pom ib yam dab tsi hu ua "Blast Cells" hauv koj cov ntshav qhia. Nws yog ib qho ib txwm muaj uas yuav xav tias ntshai me ntsis thaum koj pom nws. Txawm tias hnov ​​​​lo lus "blast" kuj tuaj yeem ua rau ntshai me ntsis. Tab sis ua ntej koj ntxhov siab, cia peb tham luv luv txog cov blast cells no yog dab tsi, vim li cas lawv thiaj tseem ceeb rau peb lub cev, thiab yuav ua li cas yog tias lawv nce ntxiv?

Cov hlwb tawg yog dab tsi? Puas yog qhov ntawd txhua yam koj yuav tsum paub?

Yog, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub qhov no. Hais yooj yim xwb, cov hlwb tawg yog ib hom hlwb hluas uas tsis tau loj hlob tag nrho hauv peb lub cev. Cov no yog cov hlwb uas ua rau muaj ntau hom hlwb sib txawv hauv peb lub cev. Tab sis yog tias koj tau txais daim ntawv qhia txog kev kuaj mob uas hais tias "blasts," feem ntau nws txhais tau tias cov hlwb ntshav tsis tau loj hlob. Vim tias cov kws kho mob ntshav thiab cov kws kho mob oncologists siv cov khoom xws li tus lej ntawm cov hlwb tawg hauv koj cov ntshav los kuaj xyuas qee yam kab mob ntsig txog ntshav, xws li mob leukemia mob hnyav.

Yog tias koj muaj cov qe ntshav dawb uas zoo li txawv txav lossis muaj ntau heev hauv koj cov ntshav, nws yuav yog ib qho cim qhia txog qee yam mob qog ntshav. Yog vim li ntawd koj yuav tsum txhawj xeeb txog qhov no.

Yog li, qhov txawv ntawm cov hlwb ntshav thiab cov hlwb tawg yog dab tsi?

Qhov no yuav zoo li nyuaj me ntsis, tab sis qhov tseeb nws yooj yim heev. Xav txog nws, cov no yog ob theem tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob ntawm peb cov cell.

Cov qe ntshav qia zoo li cov qe niam uas ua rau muaj txhua hom qe.

Cov hlwb tawg (blast cell) tsim los ntawm cov hlwb noob no. Lawv kuj hu ua "progenitor" lossis "precursor" cell. Uas yog, lawv yog theem "ua ntej" ua ntej lub hlwb loj hlob tag. Tsis zoo li lub hlwb noob, lub hlwb tawg twb txiav txim siab los ua ib hom hlwb tshwj xeeb lawm. Nws zoo li mus kawm ntawv qib siab thiab kawm cov ntsiab lus dav dav ua ntej, tom qab ntawd tsom mus rau ib qho kev kawm tshwj xeeb.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov hlwb tawg rau peb lub cev yog dab tsi?

Ib lub qe ntshav tawg tsuas yog ib theem pib ntawm kev tsim cov qe ntshav xwb. Koj lub cev yeej ib txwm tsim cov qe ntshav tshiab (nrog rau cov qe ntshav tawg) los hloov cov qe ntshav qub. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov ntshav no hu ua hematopoiesis . Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim hauv koj cov pob txha .

Hauv koj cov pob txha, muaj ib lub hlwb hu ua "hematopoietic stem cell" (HSC). Qhov no ua rau muaj ob hom hlwb tawg loj:

• Myeloblast: Hom hlwb tawg no yog los ntawmCov qe ntshav liab, cov qe ntshav dawb (piv txwv li, granulocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, thiab eosinophils), thiab platelets raug tsim tawm.
• Lymphoblast: Hom hlwb tawg no ua rau muaj lymphocytes, ib hom qe ntshav dawb.

Cov qe ntshav uas loj hlob tag thiab loj hlob tag lawm tawm hauv cov pob txha thiab mus ncig hauv koj cov ntshav. Txawm li cas los xij, cov qe ntshav tawg uas tseem tab tom loj hlob yuav nyob hauv koj cov pob txha, tsis yog nyob hauv koj cov ntshav. Yog vim li ntawd daim ntawv qhia txog kev kuaj mob uas qhia txog cov qe ntshav tawg hauv koj cov ntshav thiaj li yog teeb meem.

Vim li cas cov hlwb tawg no thiaj li loj hlob tuaj? Puas muaj teeb meem dab tsi?

Yog tias daim ntawv qhia txog kev kuaj mob qhia tias koj muaj cov qe ntshav dawb ntau heev hauv koj cov pob txha lossis cov ntshav, nws yuav yog ib qho cim ntawm mob qog ntshav, xws li mob leukemia. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias cov qe ntshav zoo li txawv txawv thaum saib hauv qab lub tshuab tsom iav. Feem ntau, tsuas yog 5% ntawm tag nrho cov qe ntshav hauv koj cov pob txha yuav tsum yog cov qe ntshav dawb. Nws tsis zoo kom muaj cov qe ntshav dawb hauv koj cov ntshav kiag li.

Muaj ntau yam laj thawj tseem ceeb uas ua rau cov hlwb tawg ntau ntxiv:

• Kab mob ntshav dawb myeloid (AML)
• Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
• Kab mob leukemia myeloid ntev (CML)
• Kab mob ntshav dawb lymphoblastic mob hnyav (ALL)
• Qee yam mob thiab kev kho mob uas tsis yog mob qog noj ntshav

Cia peb saib txhua yam no kom meej me ntsis.

Cia peb kawm txog Kab Mob Ntshav Qab Zib Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Feem ntau, thaum cov kws kho mob tham txog cov hlwb tawg, lawv hais txog mob qog ntshav myeloid leukemia (AML) . AML yog ib hom mob qog ntshav uas kis tau sai heev. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum kuaj mob thiab pib kho sai li sai tau. Kev kuaj mob rau cov hlwb tawg no yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los kuaj mob thaum ntxov.

Hauv AML, cov qe ntshav dawb uas tsis zoo li qub yuav sib sau ua ke hauv koj cov pob txha thiab tawm mus rau hauv koj cov ntshav. Feem ntau ntawm cov no yog ib hom qe ntshav hu ua myeloblasts. Cov no npaj txhij los ua cov qe ntshav dawb (granulocytes) ua ntej lawv dhau los ua cov qe ntshav qog.

Vim tias cov qe ntshav dawb no tseem tsis tau loj hlob thiab tsis zoo li qub, lawv tsis ua haujlwm dab tsi rau lub cev. Hloov chaw, lawv siv qhov chaw ntau heev hauv cov pob txha pob txha uas lawv tiv thaiv koj lub cev los ntawm kev tsim cov qe ntshav tshiab, noj qab haus huv uas nws xav tau. Yog tias tsis ua haujlwm zoo, cov qe ntshav laus, koj lub cev yuav tsis ua haujlwm li qub.

Yog tias koj muaj 20% lossis ntau dua cov hlwb tawg hauv koj cov pob txha lossis cov ntshav, nws yog ib qho cim ntawm AML.

Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) yog dab tsi?

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) kuj yog ib hom mob qog ntshav. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm no yog tias cov qe ntshav tawg tsis loj hlob mus ua cov qe ntshav ib txwm muaj. Feem ntau, cov qe ntshav tawg no tuag ua ntej lawv loj hlob zoo. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau cov qe ntshav tawg, thaum muaj tsawg cov qe ntshav loj hlob uas tuaj yeem ua lawv txoj haujlwm, teeb meem xws li ntshav tsis txaus tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tau txais kev kis kab mob ntau zaus (vim yog cov qe ntshav dawb tsawg) thiab los ntshav lossis mob yooj yim (vim yog cov platelets tsawg).

Yog tias koj muaj li ntawm 5% thiab 20% ntawm cov hlwb pob txha tawg, nws yog ib qho cim qhia txog tus mob hu ua 'MDS.' Kwv yees li 30% ntawm cov neeg uas muaj 'MDS' yuav thaum kawg tsim 'AML'.

Cia peb saib seb puas muaj kab mob Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML).

Kab mob leukemia myeloid ntev (CML) yog ib hom mob qog ntshav uas mob ntev heev. Nws kuj ua rau muaj cov qe ntshav dawb ntau ntxiv hauv cov pob txha lossis cov ntshav. Cov kws kho mob faib qhov hnyav ntawm tus mob raws li koj qib qe ntshav dawb:

• CML Theem Ntev: Tsawg dua 10% ntawm cov hlwb hauv koj cov ntshav lossis cov pob txha yog cov hlwb tawg.
• Theem Ceev CML: Nruab nrab ntawm 10% thiab 19% ntawm cov hlwb hauv koj cov ntshav yog cov hlwb tawg.
• Qib Blast Phase CML (blast crisis): Ntau tshaj 20% ntawm cov cell hauv koj cov ntshav yog cov cell blast. Qhov no zoo ib yam li AML.

Kab mob qog ntshav Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) yog dab tsi?

Kab mob qog ntshav lymphoblastic mob hnyav (ALL) yog hom mob qog ntshav uas feem ntau tshwm sim rau menyuam yaus. Hauv ALL, cov pob txha tsim cov qe ntshav tsis zoo (mob qog ntshav) hu ua lymphoblasts. Cov qe ntshav tsis zoo no faib sai sai thiab ua ntau daim qauv ntawm lawv tus kheej. Qhov no ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov pob txha tsim cov qe ntshav ib txwm uas koj lub cev xav tau.

Hauv TXHUA TUS NEEG, tsawg kawg yog 20% ​​ntawm cov qe ntshav hauv koj cov pob txha pob txha yog cov qe ntshav tawg. Cov neeg feem coob uas kuaj pom tias muaj tus kab mob (kwv yees li 90%) kuj muaj cov qe ntshav tawg hauv lawv cov ntshav.

Cov hlwb tawg puas tuaj yeem loj hlob vim lwm yam ua rau tsis yog mob qog noj ntshav?

Yog, qhov no tseem ceeb heev. Tsis txhob xav tias mob qog noj ntshav yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim ntawv qhia txog kev kuaj mob uas qhia txog cov qe ntshav dawb uas tawg ntau. Qee yam mob thiab ua rau mob qog noj ntshav kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau cov qe ntshav dawb nce ntxiv ib ntus. Piv txwv li:

• Kev kis kab mob hnyav: Yog tias koj lub cev muaj mob hnyav, xws li kev kis kab mob hnyav (sepsis), cov qe ntshav dawb tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav.
• Kev kho mob Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF): Tej zaum tseem yuav pom cov qe ntshav dawb hauv cov ntshav tom qab tau txhaj tshuaj hu ua G-CSF. Cov tshuaj txhaj no yuav ua rau koj cov pob txha tsim cov qe ntshav dawb ntau dua los tiv thaiv koj ntawm kev kis kab mob. Tej zaum yuav xav tau cov no yog tias koj tab tom kho mob chemotherapy lossis yog tias koj muaj cov qe ntshav dawb tsawg (neutropenia).
• Kev Hloov Cov Qog Ntshav: Yog tias koj tau muaj kev hloov cov qog ntshav los kho ib yam mob, koj kuj tseem yuav muaj cov qog ntshav ntau ntxiv. Kev hloov cov qog ntshav yuav tsum tau ua rau cov mob xws li cov kab mob ntshav, mob qog noj ntshav, lossis cov kab mob autoimmune uas koj lub cev tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov qe ntshav ib txwm muaj.

Tiam sis qhov tseem ceeb yog tias, tsis zoo li cov hlwb tawg uas cuam tshuam nrog mob qog noj ntshav, cov hlwb tawg uas pom hauv cov rooj plaub no feem ntau zoo li noj qab nyob zoo hauv qab lub tshuab tsom iav. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem loj hlob mus ua cov hlwb ntshav ib txwm muaj. Raws sijhawm, tus lej no txo ​​qis.

Koj yuav ua li cas thiaj xyuas tau qhov tseeb ntawm cov hlwb tawg? Cov kev ntsuam xyuas no yog dab tsi?

Muaj ntau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas uas qhia txog cov qib blast cell:

• Kev kuaj ntshav ntawm cov hlab ntsha (PBS): Qhov kev kuaj no qhia tau tias muaj cov qe ntshav tawg hauv koj cov ntshav. Hauv PBS, tus kws kho mob saib ib qho qauv ntawm koj cov ntshav hauv qab lub tshuab microscope kom pom tias puas muaj cov qe ntshav tawg ntau dhau lossis yog tias lawv zoo li txawv txav.
• Kev kuaj pob txha: Kev kuaj hauv chaw kuaj mob ua tom qab kuaj pob txha lossis kev nqus pob txha tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov hlwb tawg hauv pob txha. Cov no suav nrog kev kuaj xws li flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, lossis fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) los nrhiav kev hloov pauv caj ces hauv cov hlwb .
• Tej zaum koj yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas cov ntshav tag nrho (CBC) nrog rau qhov sib txawv los xyuas koj cov qe ntshav liab thiab dawb thiab cov platelet suav, vim tias cov qe ntshav noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem txo qis thaum cov qe ntshav tawg nce ntxiv.

Cov kws kho mob xav txog ntau yam txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj mob thiab cov yam ntxwv ua ntej kuaj pom tias muaj mob xws li mob ntshav dawb. Lawv tsis txiav txim siab loj raws li ib qho kev kuaj mob xwb.

Thaum kawg, ob peb yam uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tsis txhob ntshai thaum koj pom lo lus "blasts" hauv koj daim ntawv qhia txog kev kuaj mob.Muaj tseeb tiag tias muaj cov qe ntshav dawb hauv koj cov ntshav tuaj yeem yog ib qho cim qhia txog kev mob hnyav. Tab sis nws nyob ntawm koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Qee zaum, kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb tsuas yog ib ntus xwb. Tus lej yuav poob qis zuj zus. Lwm lub sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem yog ib qho cim qhia txog qee yam loj dua, xws li mob ntshav dawb ntshav. Tsuas yog koj tus kws kho mob thiaj li piav qhia tau meej tias koj cov txiaj ntsig txhais li cas rau koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Yog li, yog tias koj muaj lus nug, tsis txhob yig nug koj tus kws kho mob.

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