Kev kub hnyiab yog ib yam dab tsi uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau peb txhua lub sijhawm hauv peb lub neej txhua hnub. Xav txog qhov mob uas koj hnov thaum koj kov lub lauj kaub kub thaum ua noj hauv chav ua noj, lossis thaum koj nchuav dej kub rau ntawm koj txhais tes thaum ua tshuaj yej sai sai. Qee zaum, cov menyuam yaus me me tsis paub tias kov lub hlau. Kev kub hnyiab tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm cov xwm txheej me me zoo li no mus rau qhov xwm txheej loj heev. Tab sis ntau tus neeg ntshai thaum lawv raug kub hnyiab thiab ua tej yam uas lawv tsis tsim nyog ua. Yog li hnub no, cia peb tham txog cov kev kub hnyiab no, kev pab thawj zaug uas yuav tsum tau muab rau lawv, thiab thaum twg koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob.
Hais yooj yim xwb, qhov hlawv no yog dab tsi?
Kev kub hnyiab yog kev puas tsuaj rau daim tawv nqaij thiab cov nqaij hauv qab uas tshwm sim los ntawm cua sov heev, txias heev, qee yam tshuaj lom neeg, hluav taws xob, tshav ntuj, lossis kev sib tsoo nrog daim tawv nqaij. Qhov hnyav ntawm kev kub hnyiab yog txiav txim siab los ntawm ob qho tseem ceeb. Ib qho yog qhov tob ntawm qhov kub hnyiab , uas yog pes tsawg txheej ntawm daim tawv nqaij raug rhuav tshem. Qhov thib ob yog qhov dav ntawm qhov kub hnyiab , uas yog ntau npaum li cas ntawm lub cev raug kub hnyiab.
Kev kub hnyiab yog ib qho xwm txheej uas tshwm sim ntau heev thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Feem ntau, lawv tshwm sim vim yog kev tsis saib xyuas. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum paub txog qhov no.
Cov hom kub hnyiab tseem ceeb yog dab tsi raws li lawv tshwm sim?
Txawm hais tias peb hu nws ua kub hnyiab los xij, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev uas lawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Kev paub txog qhov kev faib tawm no kuj pab tau rau kev kho mob.
| Hom kev hlawv | Ib qho lus piav qhia yooj yim |
|---|---|
| Kev kub hnyiab los ntawm cua sov | Qhov no yog hom mob uas peb txhua tus paub zoo tshaj plaws. Nws tshwm sim thaum muaj tej yam kub heev xws li hluav taws, dej kub, roj kub, lauj kaub kub, lossis cov pa dej kub los kov daim tawv nqaij. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm qhov txias heev (xws li dej khov qhuav). |
| Kev kub hnyiab los ntawm hluav taws xob | Kub hnyiab los ntawm hluav taws xob poob siab. Cov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm tej yam xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tawg lossis cov xov hluav taws xob. Cov no tuaj yeem loj dua li lawv pom sab nraud vim hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua rau cov nqaij sab hauv puas tsuaj thaum nws hla dhau lub cev. |
| Kev kub hnyiab ntawm kev sib txhuam | Nws tshwm sim thaum daim tawv nqaij sib txhuam rau ntawm qhov chaw ntxhib, xws li txoj kev tarmac lossis ntaub pua plag, sai sai. Qhov no yog qhov peb hu ua "khawb." Qhov kub uas tsim los ntawm kev sib cuag ua rau daim tawv nqaij kub hnyiab. |
| Kev kub hnyiab los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob | Piv txwv li feem ntau yog kub hnyiab. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm kho mob qog noj ntshav los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob. |
| Kev kub hnyiab los ntawm tshuaj lom neeg | Kev kov daim tawv nqaij nrog cov kua qaub lossis cov hauv paus muaj zog tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij no. Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom xws li qee cov tshuaj ntxuav hauv tsev uas muaj zog thiab cov kua qaub roj teeb. |
Cov theem ntawm qhov tob ntawm qhov hlawv yog dab tsi?
Txoj kev ntsuas qhov hnyav ntawm qhov kub hnyiab yog ntsuas seb nws tau nkag mus tob npaum li cas rau hauv daim tawv nqaij. Yav dhau los, peb hu cov no ua thawj theem, theem ob theem, thiab theem peb theem. Cov lus no tseem siv niaj hnub no. Tam sim no cia peb saib seb cov no raug hu li cas hauv lub kaw lus tshiab.
| Qib hlawv (qhov tob) | Thaj chaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij uas raug cuam tshuam | Ib qho kev piav qhia me ntsis |
|---|---|---|
| Kev kub hnyiab saum npoo av (Zoo li thawj qib) | Tsuas yog txheej sab saud ntawm daim tawv nqaij (epidermis) thiaj li puas tsuaj xwb. | Daim tawv nqaij yuav liab, me ntsis o, thiab mob. Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim thaum koj raug tshav kub. Feem ntau nws yuav zoo yam tsis muaj qhov caws pliav hauv ob peb hnub. Nws tuaj yeem kho tau hauv tsev. |
| Kev hlawv ib nrab ntawm qhov tuab (Zoo li qib ob) | Ob qho tib si txheej sab saud ntawm daim tawv nqaij (epidermis) thiab txheej hauv qab nws (dermis) raug puas tsuaj. | Daim tawv nqaij yuav liab thiab ua pob liab . Muaj mob heev. Tej zaum yuav siv sijhawm ob mus rau peb lub lis piam kom zoo. Tej zaum yuav muaj ib qho caws pliav me me. Nws yog ib qho zoo uas yuav tsum nrhiav kev kho mob rau qhov kub hnyiab zoo li no. |
| Kev hlawv tag nrho (Zoo li qib peb) | Txhua txheej ntawm daim tawv nqaij raug rhuav tshem, txawm tias cov nqaij rog hauv qab kuj raug puas tsuaj. | Tom qab raug kub hnyiab, daim tawv nqaij yuav dawb, grey, lossis dub. Tej zaum nws yuav zoo li tawv. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov kub hnyiab no tsis mob . Qhov no yog vim tias cov hlab ntsha hauv daim tawv nqaij raug puas tsuaj. Qhov no yog ib qho mob hnyav heev thiab yuav tsum tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob tam sim ntawd . |
Nco ntsoov tias, qhov mob tsawg dua los ntawm qhov kub hnyiab tsis tau txhais hais tias nws tsis mob hnyav heev. Qee zaum, qhov kub hnyiab tob tshaj plaws tsis mob kiag li.
Cov tsos mob ntawm kev kub hnyiab yog dab tsi?
Cov tsos mob yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb qhov kub hnyiab hom twg thiab tob npaum li cas. Cov tsos mob feem ntau muaj xws li:
- o thiab mob: Yuav hnov mob heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov kub hnyiab sab nraud thiab ib nrab ntawm cov qhov txhab.
- Daim tawv nqaij tsis zoo nkauj: Daim tawv nqaij yuav liab, grey lossis dawb, lossis dub.
- Kev o: Kev o ntawm qhov chaw kub hnyiab yog qhov ib txwm muaj.
- Kev Ua Pob: Kev tsim cov pob uas muaj dej puv yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev kub hnyiab ib nrab.
- Tawv nqaij tawv tev tawm: Cov tawv nqaij sab saud yuav tev tawm ntawm qhov chaw kub hnyiab.
Muaj teeb meem dab tsi tshwm sim los ntawm kev kub hnyiab?
Txawm hais tias qhov kub hnyiab me me yuav tsis yog teeb meem loj, qhov kub hnyiab tob thiab dav heev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj heev.
Cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim ntau zaus
- Kev kis kab mob: Kev kub hnyiab yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm daim tawv nqaij tiv thaiv, uas ua rau cov kab mob nkag mus tau yooj yim thiab ua rau muaj kev kis kab mob.
- Kev Mob Hlwb: Kev kub hnyiab tob yuav ua rau muaj cov qhov txhab ntawm daim tawv nqaij tom qab lawv kho zoo lawm.
- O (Edema): Cov kua dej tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke ntawm qhov chaw kub hnyiab thiab qee zaum rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev, ua rau o.
Tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem loj heev
Cov kub hnyiab loj thiab tob tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.
- Kev qhuav dej thiab kev poob siab: Thaum cov kua dej ntau ntau tawm ntawm daim tawv nqaij kub hnyiab, lub cev tuaj yeem qhuav dej thiab poob siab.
- Ua pa nyuaj: Yog tias thaj chaw xws li lub ntsej muag thiab caj dab raug kub hnyiab lossis yog tias nqus pa luam yeeb, cov hlab pa yuav o thiab ua rau nws nyuaj rau ua pa.
- Hypothermia: Thaum daim tawv nqaij raug puas tsuaj, lub cev qhov kub tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau, thiab lub cev qhov kub tuaj yeem poob qis heev.
- Sepsis: Ib qho mob uas ua rau tuag taus los ntawm kev kis tus kab mob uas tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau thiab kis mus thoob plaws lub cev.
- Kev puas tsuaj rau cov kab mob sab hauv: Kev kub hnyiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob xws li lub raum puas tsuaj, uas lim cov tshuaj lom neeg uas sib sau ua ke hauv cov ntshav.
Tseem ceeb heev: Ua thiab tsis ua rau kub hnyiab!
Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm tsab xov xwm no. Yog koj tsis txhob ntshai tam sim ntawd tom qab raug kub hnyiab, thiab ua qhov yog, koj yuav txo tau qhov kev puas tsuaj uas yuav tshwm sim.
| Tej yam yuav tsum ua (DOs) thaum muaj kub hnyiab | |
|---|---|
| 1. Tshem tawm qhov ua rau kub hnyiab. | Yog tias muaj hluav taws kub, tawm hauv thaj chaw ntawd tam sim ntawd. Yog tias koj tau nchuav dej kub rau ntawm koj cov khaub ncaws, ua tib zoo tshem nws tawm. Yog tias koj raug hluav taws xob tua, kaw lub qhov hluav taws xob loj. |
| 2. Muab dej rau ntawm qhov chaw kub hnyiab. | Kwv yees li 10-20 feebTuav qhov kub hnyiab rau hauv qab dej txias uas ntws los ntawm lub qhov dej. Tsis txhob siv dej khov lossis dej txias heev. Qhov no yuav txo qhov mob thiab tiv thaiv kom qhov kub hnyiab tsis txhob nkag mus tob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij. |
| 3. Khaws qhov chaw kub hnyiab kom huv si. | Tom qab siv dej tas, npog nrog daim ntaub huv los yog daim ntaub qhwv uas tsis lo. |
| 4. Nrhiav kev pab tswv yim los ntawm kws kho mob. | Yog tias qhov kub hnyiab loj dua li koj txhais tes, muaj cov hlwv, lossis zoo li tob, mus ntsib kws kho mob. |
| Tsis txhob ua tej yam yuam kev no! (TSIS TXHOB UA) | |
|---|---|
| 1. Tsis txhob muab tej yam pov tseg rau hauv tsev! | Tsis txhob muab dab tsi los pleev rau ntawm qhov kub hnyiab, xws li tshuaj txhuam hniav, butter, roj txiv maj phaub, kas fes av, dej khov, ntsev, qe qe, lossis xab npum . Cov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev kis kab mob thiab ua rau qhov kub hnyiab hnyav dua. |
| 2. Tsis txhob muab dej khov tso rau! | Dej khov ua rau cov hlab ntsha uas muab ntshav rau daim tawv nqaij nqaim, ua rau cov nqaij kub hnyiab ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog siv dej txias xwb. |
| 3. Tsis txhob ua kom cov hlwv tawg! | Cov pob khaus yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv ntuj rau daim tawv nqaij hauv qab. Yog tias lawv tawg, muaj kev pheej hmoo siab uas cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv thiab ua rau muaj kev kis kab mob. |
| 4. Tsis txhob muab paj rwb los lo rau ntawm qhov chaw kub hnyiab. | Cov paj rwb tuaj yeem lo rau ntawm qhov txhab, yog li siv daim ntaub huv lossis ib yam dab tsi zoo li daim ntaub gauze. |
Thaum twg koj yuav tsum mus rau tsev kho mob (ETU) tam sim ntawd?
Tsis yog txhua qhov kub hnyiab tuaj yeem kho tau hauv tsev. Hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no, koj yuav tsum mus rau Chav Kho Mob Thaum Muaj Xwm Ceev (ETU) ntawm lub tsev kho mob ze tshaj plaws thiab tam sim ntawd.
- Kub Hnyiab Loj: Kub hnyiab ib nrab tuab (ua pob) loj dua li koj xib teg.
- Kub hnyiab tob: Kub hnyiab tuab tag nrho (tsis mob, dawb/dub) ntawm txhua qhov loj me.
- Cov chaw rhiab heev: Kev kub hnyiab uas cuam tshuam rau lub ntsej muag, qhov muag, pob ntseg, tes, taw, thaj chaw ntawm lub cev, lossis ib qho pob qij txha loj (lub luj tshib, lub hauv caug).
- Kub hnyiab los ntawm hluav taws xob lossis tshuaj lom neeg: Cov no yeej yuav tsum tau mus kuaj mob vim tias lawv yuav ua rau puas tsuaj ntau dua sab hauv dua li sab nraud.
- Ua pa nyuaj: Yog tias koj tau nqus pa luam yeeb lossis ua pa nyuaj vim kub hnyiab rau koj lub caj dab lossis lub ntsej muag.
- Cov cim qhia txog kev kis kab mob: Yog tias qhov kub hnyiab tawm cov kua qaub, muaj ntxhiab tsw phem, daim tawv nqaij nyob ib puag ncig nws liab thiab o, lossis kub taub hau.
- Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus: vim tias lawv cov tawv nqaij rhiab heev thiab muaj feem yuav muaj teeb meem ntau dua.
Peb ua tau dab tsi los tiv thaiv kev kub hnyiab?
"Kev tiv thaiv zoo dua li kev kho mob," lawv hais. 90% ntawm kev kub hnyiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau.
- Ceev faj thaum ua noj hauv chav ua noj: Thaum ua noj, tig cov lauj kaub thiab cov lauj kaub sab hauv tawm. Xyuas kom cov menyuam tsis nyob ze thaum tshem cov khoom kub ntawm lub qhov cub.
- Ceev faj nrog dej kub: Khaws qhov kub ntawm lub tshuab cua sov dej kom qis dua 49 Celsius (120 Fahrenheit). Nco ntsoov xyuas qhov kub ntawm dej ua ntej da dej rau cov menyuam yaus.
- Ceev faj nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob: Tshem cov ntsaws hluav taws xob xws li cov hlau hlau thiab cov tshuab ncaj plaub hau thaum tsis siv thiab khaws cia kom deb ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Tsis txhob siv cov khoom siv uas cov xov hlau tawg lawm.
- Qhia cov menyuam: Qhia cov menyuam txog qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev ua si nrog hluav taws, ntais ntawv, thiab cov teeb.
- Tiv thaiv koj tus kheej ntawm lub hnub: Yog tias koj yuav mus rau hauv lub hnub, siv cov tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub uas muaj tsawg kawg SPF 50.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Tom qab kub hnyiab, thawj qhov uas yuav tsum ua yog muab tso rau hauv dej txias li 10-20 feeb.
- Tsis txhob muab tshuaj txhuam hniav, butter, dej khov, roj txiv maj phaub, lossis cov kas fes hmoov rau ntawm qhov chaw kub hnyiab rau txhua qhov laj thawj.
- Tsis txhob muab cov pob khaus uas muaj kua dej puv nkaus pov tseg. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob.
- Yog tias qhov kub hnyiab loj dua koj xib teg, tob, lossis nyob rau thaj chaw rhiab heev xws li lub ntsej muag, tes, lossis taw, koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob.
- Yog tias koj kub hnyiab los ntawm kev raug hluav taws xob lossis tshuaj lom neeg, lossis yog tias koj muaj cov cim qhia tias muaj kev kis kab mob, mus rau chav kho mob ceev (ETU) ntawm tsev kho mob tam sim ntawd.
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