Thaum koj saib ib lub paj zoo nkauj, hnia ib pluag mov qab, lossis luag nrog ib tug phooj ywg, koj puas tau xav txog lub tshuab zoo kawg nkaus tom qab txhua yam no? Tag nrho cov no tshwm sim vim yog 12 khub ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas ua haujlwm zoo li lub tshuab hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb los ntawm peb lub hlwb. Niaj hnub no peb tab tom tham txog cov 'Cranial Nerves' zoo kawg no.
Hais yooj yim xwb, cov hlab ntsha cranial no yog dab tsi?
Nws yooj yim heev. Cov no yog 12 khub ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas khiav ncaj qha los ntawm koj lub hlwb mus rau koj lub taub hau, lub ntsej muag, caj dab, thiab qee qhov ntawm koj lub hauv siab thiab lub plab. Lawv zoo li cov xov hlau tshwj xeeb uas nqa cov ntaub ntawv ntawm koj lub hlwb, koj cov kabmob, thiab koj cov leeg. Lawv yog ib feem tseem ceeb heev ntawm peb lub paj hlwb.
Peb xav tias peb tsuas pom nrog peb ob lub qhov muag, hnia nrog peb lub qhov ntswg, thiab saj nrog peb tus nplaig xwb. Tiam sis qhov tseeb, cov hlwb no tsis tuaj yeem nqa cov ntaub ntawv mus rau lub hlwb, thiab cov lus txib los ntawm lub hlwb tsis tuaj yeem nqa mus rau cov hlwb ntawd yog tsis muaj cov hlab ntsha taub hau no. Cov hlab ntsha no kuj pab koj qhia ntau yam kev qhia txog lub ntsej muag thiab hais lus.
Peb muaj 12 khub ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias muaj ob ntawm txhua lub hlab ntsha, ib qho mus rau sab xis ntawm lub cev thiab lwm qhov mus rau sab laug.
Cov hlab ntsha 12 no yog dab tsi? Lawv ua dab tsi?
Txhua lub hlab ntsha 12 lub no muaj ib txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Ib txhia ntawm lawv nqa cov ntaub ntawv kev xav, uas txhais tau tias lawv xa cov ntaub ntawv mus rau lub hlwb txog tej yam xws li ntxhiab tsw, saj, thiab pom. Ib txhia ntawm lawv nqa cov ntaub ntawv kev txav mus los, uas txhais tau tias lawv txav cov leeg nqaij. Ib txhia hlab ntsha ua ob qho tib si. Cia peb saib cov hlab ntsha 12 lub no thiab lawv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb.
| Lub npe thiab tus lej ntawm lub paj hlwb | Txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog yooj yim. |
|---|---|
| Cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub qhov ncauj (CN I) Cov hlab ntsha olfactory | Pab koj tsw ntxhiab . |
| Cov hlab ntsha pom kev (CN II) Cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub qhov muag | Ua rau koj pom kev . |
| Cov hlab ntsha Oculomotor (CN III) Cov hlab ntsha Oculomotor | Nws pab txav ob lub qhov muag, qhib thiab kaw ob lub qhov muag, thiab hloov qhov loj ntawm lub qhov muag. |
| Cov hlab ntsha Trochlear (CN IV) Cov hlab ntsha Trochlear | Pab tig lub qhov muag mus rau hauv qab thiab mus rau lub qhov ntswg. |
| Cov hlab ntsha Trigeminal (CN V) Cov hlab ntsha Trigeminal | Lawv nqa cov kev xav xws li kov thiab mob mus rau lub ntsej muag, qhov muag, thiab hauv qhov ncauj. Lawv kuj pab peb zom zaub mov. |
| Cov hlab ntsha Abducens (CN VI) Cov hlab ntsha abducens | Pab kom tig lub qhov muag mus rau sab (sab laug thiab sab xis). |
| Cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub ntsej muag (CN VII) Cov hlab ntsha ntawm qhov quav | Nws tswj cov kev qhia ntsej muag xws li luag nyav thiab kev ntsej muag ntxhov siab. Nws kuj pab txhawb kev saj ntawm ib feem ntawm tus nplaig. |
| Vestibulocochlear paj hlwb (CN VIII) Cov hlab ntsha uas sib npaug ntawm kev hnov lus | Pab koj hnov lus thiab tswj kev sib npaug hauv koj lub cev. |
| Cov hlab ntsha Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) Cov hlab ntsha glossopharyngeal | Ib feem ntawm tus nplaig pab saj, nqos , thiab tsim cov qaub ncaug. Nws kuj pab tswj cov ntshav siab. |
| Cov hlab ntsha Vagus (CN X) Cov hlab ntsha vagus | Qhov no yog lub paj hlwb cranial ntev tshaj plaws . Nws tswj ntau lwm yam haujlwm tsis siv neeg hauv lub cev, xws li kev zom zaub mov, lub plawv dhia, kev ua pa, thiab ntshav siab. |
| Cov hlab ntsha ntxiv (CN XI) Cov hlab ntsha ntxiv | Tswj cov kev txav ntawm lub caj dab thiab xub pwg nyom. |
| Cov hlab ntsha Hypoglossal (CN XII) Cov hlab ntsha Hypoglossal | Nws tswj cov kev txav ntawm tus nplaig , ua rau nws muaj peev xwm hais lus, noj mov, thiab nqos. |
Cov hlab ntsha no puas tuaj yeem raug puas tsuaj?
Yog lawm, hmoov tsis zoo, cov hlab ntsha no kuj tuaj yeem raug puas tsuaj. Thaum muaj kev puas tsuaj li no, cov hlab ntsha yuav tsis ua haujlwm tau zoo. Muaj ntau yam ua rau qhov no.
- Kev Raug Mob Taub Hau: Cov hlab ntsha no tuaj yeem raug puas tsuaj yog tias koj tsoo koj lub taub hau hauv qhov xwm txheej.
- Cov kab mob ntawm lub hlwb lossis lub paj hlwb: Vim yog cov mob xws li neuropathy lossis ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis).
- Kev nias los ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav: Ib qho qog nqaij hlav lossis o hauv lub hlwb tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlab ntsha nias.
- Teeb meem ntawm cov ntshav ncig: Yog tias cov ntshav ntws mus rau cov hlab ntsha raug txiav tawm vim yog cov mob xws li mob stroke, lawv tuaj yeem puas tsuaj.
- Kev kis kab mob: Qee cov kab mob viral, piv txwv li, tus kab mob uas ua rau mob shingles.
- Cov mob autoimmune: Cov kab mob uas lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam cov hlab ntsha.
- Kev Phais Mob: Muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug mob tsis txhob txwm thaum lub sijhawm phais mob hlwb, lub ntsej muag, lossis hniav.
Kev tuag tes tuag taw yog dab tsi?
Lo lus 'Palsy' tsuas yog txhais tau tias 'paralysis' lossis 'inactivity'. Thaum cov hlab ntsha cranial uas tswj kev txav mus los raug puas tsuaj, cov leeg nqaij uas cuam tshuam nrog nws yuav tsis muaj zog lossis tuag tes tuag taw. Qhov no yog qhov peb hu ua 'palsy'.
Piv txwv li, Bell's palsy yog ib yam uas ntau tus neeg hauv peb lub tebchaws tau hnov txog. Qhov no yog thaum cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub ntsej muag, uas tswj cov leeg ntawm lub ntsej muag, raug cuam tshuam, ua rau ib sab ntawm lub ntsej muag poob nws txoj haujlwm thiab poob qis. Feem ntau, qhov no tsuas yog ib ntus xwb.
Muaj lwm yam xwm txheej zoo li no:
- Mob hlab ntsha thib peb: Hauv qhov no, ib lub qhov muag zoo li tig mus rau hauv qab thiab mus rau ib sab.
- Kab mob plawv thib plaub: Tej zaum yuav pom ob sab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum saib rau hauv qab.
- Kab mob thib rau ntawm cov hlab ntsha tawg: Lub qhov muag tsis tuaj yeem tig mus rau tib qho kev taw qhia (zoo li strabismus).
Lwm yam teeb meem uas yuav tshwm sim tau
Lwm yam mob tshwj xeeb yog trigeminal neuralgia.Qhov uas tshwm sim hauv qhov no yog tias muaj qhov mob uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tau, zoo li hluav taws xob cuam tshuam nrog cov hlab ntsha trigeminal, uas hnov qhov kov ntawm lub ntsej muag. Txawm hais tias qhov mob no kav ntev li ib ntus, nws nyuaj heev rau kev ris.
Koj ua li cas thiaj ua kom cov hlab ntsha muaj nqis no noj qab nyob zoo?
Peb tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qee yam kab mob ntawm lub paj hlwb. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau yam uas peb tuaj yeem ua tau los ua kom peb lub hlwb, cov hlab ntsha hauv lub hlwb no, thiab tag nrho lub paj hlwb noj qab nyob zoo.
- Tswj koj qhov hnyav kom noj qab nyob zoo thiab haum rau koj.
- Noj cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub.
- Ua si nawv tsis tu ncua.
- Khaws koj cov ntshav siab kom zoo.
- Yog koj muaj cov kab mob uas ua rau koj cov hlab ntsha puas tsuaj, xws li ntshav qab zib , tswj lawv kom zoo.
- Tsis txhob haus luam yeeb kiag li.
- Yog koj haus cawv , ces haus kom tsawg heev.
Thaum twg peb yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob?
Qhov no tseem ceeb heev. Cov tsos mob ntawm kev raug mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha cranial sib txawv nyob ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas raug mob. Yog tias koj muaj ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob hauv qab no, mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd .
- Yog tias ib sab ntawm lub ntsej muag zoo li tsis muaj sia thiab rub mus rau hauv qab.
- Yog tias koj muaj mob hnyav lossis loog ntawm koj lub ntsej muag.
- Yog koj xav tias cov leeg tsis muaj zog lossis loog.
- Yog koj muaj teeb meem pom kev (pom tej yam zoo li lawv yog ob sab, pom tsis meej).
- Yog tias muaj kev hloov pauv sai sai ntawm qhov saj lossis ntxhiab tsw.
- Yog koj muaj teeb meem hais lus (Dysarthria).
- Nyuaj siab zom lossis nqos zaub mov (Dysphagia).
Nco ntsoov tias, cov tsos mob no kuj tuaj yeem yog cov cim qhia txog tus mob hnyav, xws li mob stroke. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob tsis quav ntsej lawv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nrhiav kev pab kho mob tam sim ntawd.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Cov hlab ntsha cranial yog 12 khub ntawm cov hlab ntsha tshwj xeeb uas los ntawm lub hlwb thiab tswj peb cov kev xav thiab kev txav mus los ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab caj dab.
- Peb pom, hnov, hnia, saj, luag, thiab hais lus vim yog kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov hlab ntsha no.
- Cov hlab ntsha no tuaj yeem raug mob los ntawm kev raug mob taub hau, mob hlwb, kab mob, thiab qee yam mob.
- Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob xws li loog ntawm ib sab ntawm koj lub ntsej muag, teeb meem pom kev, lossis nyuaj rau zom lossis nqos, nws yuav yog teeb meem nrog cov hlab ntsha cranial.
- Thaum koj pom ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob no, tsis txhob nkim sijhawm thiab mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob.Kev ua neej noj qab haus huv pab tiv thaiv cov hlab ntsha muaj nqis no.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus