Koj puas tau muaj ib qho kev xav tias ib feem ntawm koj txhais caj npab lossis ceg tsis muaj zog tas li, lossis tsuas yog mob xwb? Qee zaum peb xav tias muaj teeb meem nrog txhais caj npab lossis ceg ntawd. Tab sis qhov ua rau muaj qhov teeb meem no yuav nyob deb dua, hauv cov hlab ntsha uas los ntawm koj tus txha nraub qaum. Hnub no peb yuav tham txog 'daim ntawv qhia hlab ntsha' zoo kawg no ntawm peb lub cev. Hauv kev kho mob, peb hu qhov no ua dermatome. Qhov no yog ib qho kev kawm nthuav heev, cia peb saib seb nws yog dab tsi.
Hauv lus yooj yim, dermatome yog dab tsi?
Ib lub dermatome yog lub npe muab rau ib cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm peb lub cev. Tab sis nws tsis yog ib cheeb tsam ntawm daim tawv nqaij xwb. Txhua qhov chaw no raug tswj hwm, txhais tau tias qhov kev xav (kev xav) ntawm thaj chaw ntawd raug nqa mus rau lub hlwb los ntawm cov hlab ntsha tshwj xeeb hauv peb tus txha nqaj qaum (qaum qaum).
Xav txog nws li no. Koj tus txha nqaj qaum zoo li txoj kev loj. Cov ntaub ntawv (cov teeb liab ntawm cov hlab ntsha) mus ncig thiab nqis txoj kev loj no, mus rau lub hlwb thiab mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev. Muaj cov txoj kev me me mus rau hauv thiab tawm ntawm txoj kev loj no. Cov txoj kev ntawd yog cov hlab ntsha ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum uas tawm ntawm peb tus txha nqaj qaum. Txhua txoj kev txuas nrog ib feem ntawm lub cev. Thaj chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawd hu ua dermatome.
Txoj kev sib raug zoo no ua haujlwm ob txoj kev.
1. Los ntawm lub hlwb mus rau lub cev: Thaum koj xav txav koj txhais caj npab, lub teeb liab los ntawm koj lub hlwb mus rau hauv koj tus txha nqaj qaum thiab dhau los ntawm cov hlab ntsha mus rau cov leeg nqaij hauv koj txhais caj npab.
2. Los ntawm lub cev mus rau lub hlwb: Yog tias koj muab dej kub nchuav rau ntawm koj txhais tes, qhov kev xav no yuav mus los ntawm daim tawv nqaij mus rau cov hlab ntsha mus rau tus txha nqaj qaum thiab los ntawm qhov ntawd mus rau lub hlwb, ua rau koj xav tias "koj txhais tes kub hnyiab." Qhov no yog txhua yam uas koj xav, suav nrog kev kov, txias, kub, thiab mob.
Yog li, daim ntawv qhia dermatome no tseem ceeb npaum li cas rau tus kws kho mob?
Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Yog tias koj muaj qhov loog, mob, lossis tsis hnov qhov twg ntawm koj lub cev, koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem siv daim ntawv qhia dermatome no los nrhiav qhov teeb meem nyob qhov twg.
Xav txog tias koj tus ntiv tes xoo tsis hnov mob li. Thaum koj tus kws kho mob saib daim ntawv qhia dermatome, nws paub tias cov hlab ntsha uas muab kev xav rau koj tus ntiv tes xoo yog lub pob txha caj qaum thib rau (C6). Tom qab ntawd nws yuav xav tias qhov teeb meem tsis yog nyob rau hauv koj txhais tes, tab sis nyob rau hauv koj lub caj dab. Tej zaum ib lub disc ntawm ib qho ntawm koj cov pob txha caj qaum tau plam thiab nias rau ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
Hais yooj yim xwb, dermatome zoo li daim ntawv qhia kev uas pab cov kws kho mob nrhiav teeb meem hauv koj lub paj hlwb.
Cov dermatomes no nyob li cas hauv peb lub cev?
Tsuas yog peb lub ntsej muag xwb, peb lub cev tag nrho puav leej muaj cov dermatomes. (Cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub ntsej muag txuas ncaj qha rau lub hlwb, yog li lawv tsis hla tus txha nqaj qaum.) Cov no zoo li txoj siv sia ncig peb lub cev.
Yuav kom nkag siab qhov no, cia peb xub kawm txog cov feem ntawm peb tus txha nqaj qaum.
- Kab Mob Qog Ncauj Tsev Me: Qhov no nyob hauv caj dab. Nws muaj 7 lub pob txha caj qaum thiab 8 khub ntawm cov hlab ntsha (C1 txog C8).
- Thoracic Spine: Qhov no nyob rau sab saud thiab nruab nrab ntawm nraub qaum. Nws muaj 12 lub pob txha caj qaum thiab 12 khub ntawm cov hlab ntsha (T1 txog T12).
- Kab Mob Nraub Qaum: Qhov no nyob hauv koj lub nraub qaum qis. Nws muaj 5 lub pob txha caj qaum thiab 5 khub ntawm cov hlab ntsha (L1 txog L5).
- Pob Txha Sacral: Qhov no yog qhov chaw uas pob txha txuas nrog pob txha ntawm lub duav. Nws muaj 5 lub pob txha caj qaum (uas sib koom ua ke thaum laus) thiab 5 khub ntawm cov hlab ntsha (S1 txog S5).
- Coccygeal Spine: Qhov no yog peb tus pob txha caj qaum. Nws muaj li ntawm 4 lub pob txha caj qaum sib txuas ua ke. Nws muaj ib khub hlab ntsha.
Tam sim no cia peb saib seb qhov twg ntawm lub cev txhua tus ntawm cov hlab ntsha no txuas nrog.
Cov kab mob dermatomes uas cuam tshuam nrog cov hlab ntsha hauv lub caj dab (Cervical Nerves - C1-C8)
Cov hlab ntsha uas los ntawm lub caj dab feem ntau txuas nrog lub taub hau, caj dab, xub pwg nyom, caj npab, thiab ntiv tes.
| Cov hlab ntsha | Thaj Chaw Tawv Nqaij Txuas |
|---|---|
| C2 | Sab nraub qaum ntawm lub taub hau thiab thaj tsam lub puab tsaig hauv qab pob ntseg. |
| C3 | Cov sab thiab sab nraum qab ntawm lub caj dab. |
| C4 | Qhov qis ntawm lub caj dab, sab saum toj ntawm lub xub pwg nyom. |
| C5 | Xub pwg thiab nraub qaum ntawm caj npab. |
| C6 | Sab tes xis ntawm sab caj npab, sab tes ntawd thiab sab tes xis. |
| C7 | Nruab nrab ntawm sab nraub qaum tes, tus ntiv tes xoo thiab tus ntiv tes nruab nrab. |
| C8 | Sab ntiv tes me ntawm tes thiab caj npab, tus ntiv tes nplhaib thiab tus ntiv tes me. |
Cov kab mob dermatomes cuam tshuam nrog cov hlab ntsha hauv lub plab (T1-T12)
Cov hlab ntsha no feem ntau txuas nrog lub hauv siab, lub plab, thiab nraub qaum. Lawv zoo li txoj siv sia nyob ib puag ncig lub cev.
| Cov hlab ntsha | Thaj Chaw Tawv Nqaij Txuas |
|---|---|
| T1 | Sab hauv ntawm caj npab (sab caj npab). |
| T2 | Sab caj npab thiab sab hauv siab. |
| T4 | Qib ntawm lub mis. |
| T6 | Qib qis tshaj plaws ntawm pob txha nruab nrab ntawm lub hauv siab (sternum). |
| T10 | Qib ntawm lub duav. |
| T12 | Nyob rau saum thaj tsam ntawm lub puab tais xwb. |
Cov kab mob dermatomes cuam tshuam nrog cov hlab ntsha Lumbar (L1-L5)
Cov hlab ntsha no, uas los ntawm sab nraub qaum qis, txuas nrog lub duav, ceg, thiab taw.
| Cov hlab ntsha | Thaj Chaw Tawv Nqaij Txuas |
|---|---|
| L1 | Thaj tsam qhov chaw mos thiab sab saud ntawm tus ncej puab. |
| L2 | Pem hauv ntej ntawm lub duav. |
| L3 | Qis dua thiab lub hauv caug. |
| L4 | Sab hauv ntawm pob luj taws thiab pob luj taws. |
| L5 | Sab nraub qaum ntawm ko taw, sab saud ntawm ko taw, thiab ntau tus ntiv taw, suav nrog tus ntiv taw loj. |
Cov hlab ntsha Sacral & Coccygeal (S1-S5)
Cov hlab ntsha no txuas nrog lub pob tw, nraub qaum ntawm ob txhais ceg, thiab thaj chaw ntawm lub cev.
| Cov hlab ntsha | Thaj Chaw Tawv Nqaij Txuas |
|---|---|
| S1 | Sab nraub qaum ntawm lub duav thiab lub pob tw, lub hauv paus ntawm ko taw thiab tus ntiv taw me. |
| S2 | Nruab nrab ntawm sab nraub qaum ntawm lub duav. |
| S3-S5 | Thaj chaw nyob ib puag ncig nruab nrab ntawm lub pob tw, qhov quav, thiab qhov chaw mos. |
Cov mob dab tsi cuam tshuam rau dermatomes?
Ib qho tsos mob ntawm dermatome yog tshwm sim los ntawm teeb meem nrog cov hlab ntsha lossis tus txha caj qaum uas nws txuas nrog. Muaj ntau yam ua rau cov teeb meem zoo li no tshwm sim:
- Kev Sib Tsoo: Kev puas tsuaj rau tus txha nraub qaum lossis cov hauv paus hlab ntsha vim yog kev sib tsoo tsheb, kev ntog, kev khâu, thiab lwm yam.
- Cov qog nqaij hlav lossis mob qog nqaij hlav: Cov qog nqaij hlav uas tsim nyob rau hauv tus txha caj qaum tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlab ntsha raug nias.
- Kev kis kab mob: Cov kab mob bacterial lossis viral uas cuam tshuam rau tus txha nqaj qaum lossis cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem ua rau o thiab ntswj cov hlab ntsha.
- Txo cov ntshav mus los (Ischemia): Kev thaiv cov hlab ntsha uas mus rau tus txha nqaj qaum thiab cov hlab ntsha.
- Cov mob uas muaj txij thaum yug los: Cov pob txha caj qaum uas tsis zoo li qub uas tshwm sim thaum yug los, xws li spina bifida.
- Herniated Disc: Peb txhua tus paub txog qhov mob hu ua 'herniated disk.' Hauv qhov no, lub disc ntawm cov vertebrae bulge tawm thiab nias rau ntawm ib txoj hlab ntsha.
Cov tsos mob uas yuav tshwm sim hauv qhov teeb meem ntsig txog dermatome
Cov tsos mob no muaj peb pawg tseem ceeb.
| Hom tsos mob | Piv txwv |
|---|---|
| Lub cev muaj zog | - Cov leeg tsis muaj zog lossis tuag tes tuag taw (Paralysis) - Cov leeg nqaij tsis tswj tau - Cov leeg nqaij Atrophy |
| Kev xav | - Mob loog - Mob loog - Mob (kub hnyiab, mob chob) |
| Kev tswj tus kheej | - Hws ntau dhau los yog tsis muaj hws nyob rau thaj chaw uas raug mob - Nyuaj tswj cov zis lossis quav - Kev tsis sib deev |
Yuav ua li cas thiaj nrhiav tau cov teeb meem no?
Tom qab koj tus kws kho mob tau mloog koj cov tsos mob thiab kuaj koj lawm, lawv yuav xa koj mus kuaj mob zoo li no kom paub tseeb tias yog vim li cas.
- CT Scan (Computed Tomography): Qhov no tuaj yeem pab soj ntsuam qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov pob txha ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum zoo dua.
- MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Qhov no tuaj yeem thaij duab meej heev tsis yog ntawm cov pob txha ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov hlab ntsha, cov hlab ntsha, thiab cov pob txha mos.
- Kev kuaj EMG (Electromyogram): Qhov no kuaj cov hlab ntsha thiab cov leeg nqaij ua haujlwm li cas, uas yog, cov teeb liab hluav taws xob mus li cas. Qhov no pab txiav txim siab seb cov hlab ntsha puas tau puas lawm.
Peb yuav tsum ua li cas los tiv thaiv peb tus txha nqaj qaum thiab cov hlab ntsha?
Dermatome yog ib zaj dab neeg txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm peb tus txha nqaj qaum. Yog li ntawd, kev ua kom tus txha nqaj qaum noj qab haus huv yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
- Siv cov kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb: Hnav txoj siv sia kom raug thaum caij tsheb. Hnav txoj siv sia yog tias ua haujlwm nyob rau qhov siab.
- Ceev faj thaum tsa cov khoom hnyav: Thaum tsa cov khoom hnyav , khoov koj lub hauv caug, tsis yog koj nraub qaum . Khaws koj nraub qaum kom ncaj. Tsis txhob tsa cov khoom hnyav yog tias koj muaj teeb meem nraub qaum.
- Tiv thaiv koj tus kheej kom tsis txhob ntog: Khaws cov qhov rooj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv chav dej thiab ntawm cov ntaiv, kom tsis txhob plam. Nruab cov ntaiv tes yog tias tsim nyog.
- Ua kom koj cov pob txha muaj zog: Noj cov khoom noj uas muaj calcium thiab vitamin D ntau. Cov kab mob ua rau pob txha nyias xws li osteoporosis tuaj yeem ua rau cov pob txha caj qaum tawg yooj yim.
- Ua kom koj lub cev zoo: Ua kom koj nraub qaum ncaj thaum zaum thiab sawv. Tsis txhob nyob hauv tib qho chaw ntev dhau. Sawv thiab taug kev tsawg kawg ib zaug txhua ib nrab teev.
Lub tswv yim ntawm dermatomes no yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm seb peb lub cev nyuaj thiab tsim tau zoo kawg li cas. Yog tias koj muaj kev tsis taus lossis mob zoo li no, tsis txhob tsis quav ntsej nws, thiab mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob kom tau txais kev qhia.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Ib lub dermatome yog ib cheeb tsam ntawm daim tawv nqaij uas tswj los ntawm ib lub hlab ntsha tshwj xeeb hauv peb tus txha nqaj qaum.
- Kev tsis hnov mob, mob, lossis poob ntawm kev xav hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm lub cev yuav yog los ntawm teeb meem nrog cov hlab ntsha qaum.
- Daim ntawv qhia dermatome no tseem ceeb heev rau cov kws kho mob los kuaj mob neurological.
- Ntau yam teeb meem no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau los ntawm kev saib xyuas koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv nraub qaum thiab tiv thaiv koj tus kheej ntawm kev raug mob.
- Yog tias koj muaj qhov kev xav tsis thoob (xws li loog, mob) nyob qhov twg hauv koj lub cev, tsis txhob tsis quav ntsej thiab mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus