Koj puas nkees tas li? Koj puas dawb thiab muaj daim tawv nqaij daj? Los yog puas muaj ib tug neeg hauv koj tsev neeg muaj kab mob ntshav uas los ntawm noob caj noob ces? Thaum lub sijhawm zoo li no, koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom koj kuaj ntshav tshwj xeeb. Ib qho kev kuaj ntshav tseem ceeb heev uas peb tab tom tham txog hnub no hu ua Hemoglobin Electrophoresis. Txawm hais tias lub npe yuav zoo li nyuaj me ntsis, nws ua dab tsi yooj yim heev. Cia peb saib nws yog dab tsi, vim li cas nws thiaj ua, thiab peb tuaj yeem kawm dab tsi los ntawm nws.
Hemoglobin Electrophoresis yog dab tsi?
Hais yooj yim xwb, Hemoglobin Electrophoresis yog ib qho kev kuaj mob tshwj xeeb uas saib cov hom hemoglobin hauv koj cov qe ntshav liab, thiab muaj pes tsawg hom nyob hauv lawv.
Zoo, tam sim no koj nug tias, "Hemoglobin no yog dab tsi?" Xav txog tias cov qe ntshav liab hauv koj lub cev zoo li cov tsheb thauj khoom me me. Tom qab ntawd hemoglobin yog 'tus neeg xa khoom' zaum hauv lub tsheb thauj khoom ntawd, khaws cov pob oxygen los ntawm lub ntsws thiab faib lawv mus rau txhua lub cell hauv lub cev . Tsuas yog thaum 'tus neeg xa khoom' no ua haujlwm zoo peb thiaj li tau txais oxygen txaus rau txhua qhov ntawm peb lub cev.
Tiam sis qee zaum, vim yog cov laj thawj caj ces, cov protein no hu ua hemoglobin raug hloov pauv lossis muaj qee qhov tsis zoo. Tom qab ntawd 'tus txiv neej xa khoom' no pib coj tus cwj pwm txawv me ntsis. Vim yog hemoglobin tsis zoo no, cov duab ntawm cov qe ntshav liab yuav hloov pauv, lawv yuav tawg sai, thiab lub cev yuav tsis tau txais cov pa oxygen kom raug. Peb ua qhov kev xeem Hemoglobin Electrophoresis no kom paub tseeb tias puas muaj cov hemoglobin sib txawv, tsis zoo.
Qhov txawv ntawm qhov no thiab qhov kev kuaj hemoglobin ib txwm yog dab tsi?
Qhov no yog ib yam dab tsi uas ua rau ntau tus neeg tsis meej pem. Yog koj saib daim ntawv qhia txog FBC (Full Blood Count), nws kuj muaj tus nqi hu ua Hemoglobin (Hb).
- Kev kuaj hemoglobin dav dav (pom muaj nyob rau hauv FBC): Qhov no tsuas yog ntsuas tag nrho cov hemoglobin hauv koj cov ntshav xwb. Nws zoo li, hauv peb qhov piv txwv, xyuas seb koj muaj pes tsawg tus 'menyuam yug' hauv koj lub cev.
- Kev Ntsuas Hemoglobin Electrophoresis: Qhov no yog kev ntsuam xyuas tob dua. Nws saib cov hom hemoglobin hauv koj cov ntshav thiab qhov ntau ntawm txhua hom . Nws zoo li tsis yog tsuas yog saib seb muaj pes tsawg tus 'txiv neej xa khoom', tab sis kuj saib seb puas muaj cov "zoo", "txawv me ntsis", thiab cov "tsis zoo" , thiab yog tias muaj, muaj pes tsawg.
Qhov kev kuaj no tseem ceeb heev rau kev kuaj mob cov kab mob ntshav uas tau txais los ntawm noob caj noob ces xws li sickle cell anemia thiab thalassemia.
Cia peb tham txog cov hom hemoglobin tseem ceeb.
Muaj ntau hom hemoglobin uas qhov kev kuaj no feem ntau nrhiav. Saib cov lus hauv qab no kom nkag siab yooj yim txog cov no.
| Hom ntshav liab | Hais yooj yim xwb, qhov no yog dab tsi... |
|---|---|
| Hemoglobin A (HgbA) | Qhov no yog hom hemoglobin uas feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm ib tug neeg laus uas noj qab nyob zoo. Nws muaj ntau tshaj 95% ntawm tag nrho cov hemoglobin hauv ib tug neeg laus uas noj qab nyob zoo. |
| Hemoglobin F (HgbF) | Qhov no hu ua "fetal hemoglobin." Raws li lub npe qhia, qhov no yog hom hemoglobin tseem ceeb hauv cov menyuam hauv plab thiab cov menyuam mos. Thaum tus menyuam loj hlob, qhov ntau ntawm HgbF txo qis thiab qhov ntau ntawm HgbA nce ntxiv. Qib siab heev ntawm qhov no hauv ib tus neeg laus tuaj yeem yog ib qho tsos mob ntawm qee yam mob. |
| Hemoglobin S (HgbS) | Qhov no yog hom hemoglobin uas tsis zoo uas ua rau muaj mob ntshav liab hu ua sickle cell anemia . Thaum qhov no tshwm sim, cov qe ntshav liab, es tsis yog lawv lub voj voog ib txwm muaj, yuav dhau los ua lub duab sickle thiab tuaj yeem raug ntes rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. |
| Hemoglobin C (HgbC) | Qhov no yog lwm hom hemoglobin uas tsis zoo. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov qe ntshav liab tawg ua ntej lub sijhawm, ua rau muaj ntshav tsis txaus (tsis muaj ntshav hauv cov ntshav). |
Yuav ua li cas koj thiaj tau txais cov ntshav los kuaj qhov kev kuaj no? Puas yog ib yam dab tsi uas yuav tsum ntshai?
Tsis yog li ntawd. Qhov no zoo li kev kuaj ntshav ib txwm muaj. Txoj kev kuaj ntshav yuav txawv me ntsis nyob ntawm hnub nyoog thiab qhov xav tau.
| Txoj kev sau ntshav | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Kev kuaj ntshav venous | Qhov no yog txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws rau cov neeg laus thiab cov menyuam loj dua. Muab ib rab koob me me ntxig rau hauv cov leeg ntshav ntawm koj lub luj tshib thiab rub me ntsis ntshav tawm. Tej zaum koj yuav hnov qhov mob me ntsis, zoo li raug ntsaum tom, tab sis nws tsuas kav ntev li ob peb feeb xwb. |
| Tus ntiv tes | Txoj kev no siv rau cov menyuam yaus me lossis thaum tsuas xav tau ob peb tee ntshav xwb. Yuav muab ob peb tee ntshav los ntawm kev siv koob me me los txiav rau ntawm tus ntiv tes. |
| Tus pas nrig pob taws | Qhov no yog ua rau cov menyuam mos tshiab . Hauv 48 teev tom qab tus menyuam yug los, ib rab koob me me raug chob rau ntawm lawv lub pob taws thiab ob peb tee ntshav raug sau rau ntawm daim npav tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm cov kev kuaj mob "newborn screening" uas tau ua rau yuav luag txhua tus menyuam mos tshiab hauv Sri Lanka. Qhov no tuaj yeem kuaj pom cov mob hnyav, tab sis kho tau xws li Sickle Cell Anemia yog tias kuaj pom ntxov. Tsis txhob txhawj txog kev ua rau tus menyuam raug mob, qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav thaum leej niam tseem tuav tus menyuam. |
Ua li cas rau cov ntshav kuaj no hauv chav kuaj?
Thaum koj cov ntshav mus rau chav kuaj, cov kws kho tshuab nyob ntawd ua raws li cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb.
Xav txog tias txhua hom hemoglobin zoo li cov neeg uas hnyav sib txawv thiab khiav tau ntawm qhov ceev sib txawv.
1. Ua ntej, cov hemoglobin raug cais tawm ntawm koj cov qe ntshav liab.
2. Cov tshuaj sib xyaw hemoglobin no ces muab tso rau ntawm ib daim gel tshwj xeeb lossis daim ntawv.
3. Tam sim no muaj hluav taws xob tam sim no rau qhov no.
4. Thaum siv hluav taws xob, txhua hom hemoglobin txav mus los ntawm cov gel no ntawm qhov ceev sib txawv , nyob ntawm nws qhov hnyav thiab lub zog hluav taws xob.Ib yam li hauv kev sib tw khiav, cov neeg khiav ceev yuav mus tom ntej thiab cov neeg qeeb yuav raug tso tseg tom qab.
5. Tom qab ib pliag, cov hemoglobin hom no tshwm sim ua cov kab xim sib cais .
6. Thaum kawg, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv chav kuaj yuav piv koj tus qauv ntshav rau tus qauv ib txwm ntawm ib tus neeg noj qab nyob zoo. Qhov no ua rau lawv paub meej tias hom hemoglobin twg nyob hauv koj cov ntshav, thiab seb qhov ntau npaum li cas yog ib txwm lossis txawv txav.
Kuv daim ntawv qhia txhais li cas?
Koj yuav tau txais daim ntawv qhia tsis pub dhau ob peb hnub tom qab kuaj. Nws yuav teev cov feem pua thiab cov nqi rau txhua hom hemoglobin. Piv txwv li, yog tias nws qhia tias muaj HgbS lossis HgbC, nws yuav yog ib qho cim ntawm Kab Mob Sickle Cell lossis ib yam mob zoo sib xws. Yog tias qib HgbF siab hauv ib tus neeg laus, nws yuav yog ib qho cim ntawm ib yam mob zoo li Thalassemia.
Tiam sis nco ntsoov ib qho tseem ceeb heev. Tsis txhob txiav txim siab raws li cov lej thiab cov ntawv hauv daim ntawv qhia no, lossis ua kev kuaj mob raws li hauv internet. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau koj ntshai tsis tsim nyog hauv koj lub siab.
Tsuas yog koj tus kws kho mob thiaj li piav qhia tau lub ntsiab lus tseeb ntawm daim ntawv qhia no, hais txog koj cov tsos mob thiab lwm yam kev kuaj mob. Yog li ntawd, thaum koj tau txais daim ntawv qhia, mus ntsib kws kho mob uas tau xaj nws thiab tham txog nws.
Nws yog ib qho ib txwm rau cov niam txiv ntshai thiab txhawj xeeb yog tias koj tus menyuam daim ntawv qhia txog qee yam txawv txawv. Tab sis tsis txhob txhawj. Nws txhais tau tias koj muaj lub sijhawm los pib kev kho mob thiab kev saib xyuas uas koj tus menyuam xav tau thaum ntxov. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav muab tag nrho cov lus qhia uas koj xav tau rau koj.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Hemoglobin Electrophoresis yog ib qho kev kuaj tshwj xeeb uas tsis yog tsuas yog ntsuas qhov ntau ntawm hemoglobin hauv cov ntshav xwb, tab sis kuj ntsuas nws cov hom .
- Qhov no yog ib qho kev pab zoo heev rau kev kuaj mob cov kab mob ntshav uas los ntawm noob caj noob ces xws li sickle cell anemia thiab thalassemia.
- Kev rho koj cov ntshav rau qhov kev kuaj no yooj yim heev thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb. Tsis muaj laj thawj dab tsi yuav tsum ntshai.
- Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws: Tsis txhob sim nkag siab daim ntawv qhia koj tus kheej. Ib txwm qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob thiab nug nws kom paub meej ntxiv.
- Daim ntawv qhia txog qhov txawv txav tsis yog qhov kawg ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nws tsuas yog thawj kauj ruam ntawm txoj kev mus rau kev kuaj mob kom raug thiab kev kho mob tsim nyog.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus