Koj puas paub koj hom ntshav? Cia peb tham txog nws yooj yim!

Peb txhua tus muaj peb hom ntshav tshwj xeeb. Ib yam li peb cov ntiv tes. Tej zaum koj paub koj hom ntshav. Tej zaum koj tsis paub. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nkag siab tias cov hom ntshav no yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas lawv thiaj tseem ceeb. Vim tias qhov no yog ib yam dab tsi uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau peb txoj kev noj qab haus huv .

Cov ntshav no yog hom twg?

Hais yooj yim xwb, peb cov ntshav txawv me ntsis. Cov kev txawv no yog yam uas txiav txim siab peb cov ntshav hom. Tej zaum koj twb tau hnov ​​​​​​cov neeg hais tias, "Kuv cov ntshav hom B zoo" lossis "Kuv cov ntshav hom O tsis zoo." Yog li ntawd. Muaj plaub hom ntshav tseem ceeb. Lawv yog:

• Hom ntshav A (A)
• Hom ntshav B (B)
• Hom ntshav AB
• Hom ntshav O

Txhua hom ntshav no yog txiav txim los ntawm cov cim me me ntawm cov ntshav liab. Xav txog nws zoo li cov chij muaj xim. Cov xim ntawm cov chij no qhia peb tias peb cov ntshav yog hom twg.

Vim li cas cov hom ntshav no thiaj txawv? Zaj dab neeg ntawm cov qe ntshav liab ntawd!

Zoo, tam sim no cia peb saib vim li cas cov hom ntshav no thiaj li muab faib ua A, B, O, thiab AB. Peb cov qe ntshav liab zoo li cov tub rog me me uas nqa cov pa oxygen thoob plaws lub cev. Cov tub rog no muaj "cim" lossis "badges" tshwj xeeb ntawm lawv cov "uniforms" lossis nto. Hauv kev kho mob, peb hu cov no ua '(Antigens)' . Muaj ob hom '(Antigens)' uas feem ntau cuam tshuam rau ABO cov hom ntshav no: A '(Antigen)' thiab B '(Antigen)'.

• Hom Ntshav A: Yog tias koj cov qe ntshav liab tsuas muaj cov antigen A xwb, ces koj hom ntshav yog A.
• Hom Ntshav B: Yog tias koj cov qe ntshav liab tsuas muaj cov antigen B xwb, ces koj hom ntshav yog B.
• Hom ntshav AB: Yog tias koj cov qe ntshav liab muaj ob qho tib si A thiab B antigens, ces koj hom ntshav yog AB. Cov neeg no muaj ob qho tib si antigens ntawm lawv cov qe ntshav liab.
• Hom Ntshav O: Yog tias koj cov qe ntshav liab tsis muaj cov antigens A lossis B, ces koj hom ntshav yog O. O txhais tau tias "xoom," txhais tau tias nws tsis muaj cov antigens tshwj xeeb no.

Ntxiv rau cov '(Antigens)' no, muaj lwm yam tshwj xeeb hauv peb cov ntshav, uas yog, '(Plasma)'. Ntawd yog '( Antibodies )' . Cov no zoo li cov tub rog kev ruaj ntseg uas ua haujlwm tawm tsam cov '(Antigens)'. Cov '(Antibodies)' no yog cov uas tawm tsam hom ntshav tsis raug yog tias nws nkag mus rau hauv lub cev.

• Cov neeg uas muaj hom ntshav A muaj "Antibodies" (Anti-B) tawm tsam "Antigen" (B). Qhov no txhais tau tias hom ntshav B tsis sib haum nrog lawv.
• Cov neeg uas muaj hom ntshav B muaj cov "Antibodies" (Anti-A) tawm tsam "Antigen" A. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov ntshav hom A tsis sib haum nrog lawv.
• Hom ntshav ABTib neeg tsis muaj "Antibodies" tawm tsam cov "Antigens" no. Yog li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem tau txais cov qe ntshav liab los ntawm txhua hom (xws li Rh factor) A, B, AB, O (peb yuav tham txog qhov no me ntsis).
• Cov neeg uas muaj ntshav hom O muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (Anti-A thiab Anti-B) tawm tsam ob hom ntshav A thiab B. Yog li ntawd, lawv tsuas tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntshav hom O xwb.

Qhov "(Antigens)" thiab "(Antibodies)" no tseem ceeb heev thaum pub ntshav thiab txais ntshav. Peb mam li tham txog qhov ntawd me ntsis.

Qhov (+) zoo, (-) tsis zoo yog dab tsi? (Rh Factor)

Tam sim no koj yuav tsum tau hnov ​​​​​​txog tej yam zoo li A zoo (A+), B tsis zoo (B-). Ntxiv rau A, B, AB, O, muaj lwm daim me me ntxiv. Qhov ntawd yog seb nws puas yog zoo (+) lossis tsis zoo (-). Peb hu qhov no ua Rh factor '(Rh Factor)' . Qhov no yog lwm hom '(Antigen)' nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov qe ntshav liab. '(Antigen)' no hu ua D '(Antigen)' (RhD antigen).

• Yog koj muaj D `(Antigen)` no rau ntawm koj cov qe ntshav liab, koj yog Rh positive . Peb qhia nws nrog lub cim (+). Cov neeg feem coob hauv Sri Lanka yog Rh positive.
• Yog tias koj tsis muaj D `(Antigen)` no ntawm koj cov qe ntshav liab, koj yog Rh negative . Peb qhia qhov ntawd nrog lub cim (-). Muaj ob peb tus neeg Rh negative tsawg dua.

Yog li, tam sim no, thaum cov hom ntshav ABO uas tau hais ua ntej no raug muab tso ua ke nrog zaj dab neeg Rh no, hom ntshav tiav tau tsim. Piv txwv li:

• Ib Qho Zoo (A+)
• Ib qho tsis zoo (A-)
• B Zoo (B+)
• B Tsis Zoo (B-)
• AB zoo (AB+)
• AB Tsis Zoo (AB-)
• O zoo (O+)
• O tsis zoo (O-)

Koj puas nkag siab tam sim no? Tej zaum yuav zoo li nyuaj me ntsis, tab sis nws yooj yim heev. Ob lub cev no, ABO thiab Rh, yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thaum pub ntshav.

Vim li cas nws thiaj tseem ceeb heev rau peb paub peb hom ntshav?

Zoo, tam sim no koj yuav xav tias, "Vim li cas kuv thiaj xav paub kuv hom ntshav?" Nws yog ib lo lus nug tseem ceeb heev . Muaj ntau yam ua rau.

1. Kev Hloov Ntshav Thaum Muaj Xwm Ceev

Tej zaum koj yuav xav tias, "Au kuv tus Vajtswv, qhov no yuav tsum tsis txhob tshwm sim," tab sis yog tias koj muaj xwm txheej thiab poob ntshav ntau, lossis yog tias koj yuav tsum tau phais loj, koj yuav tsum tau muab ntshav ntxiv. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, koj yuav tsum tau muab hom ntshav zoo . Koj puas paub dab tsi? Yog tias koj muab hom ntshav tsis zoo, koj lub cev yuav paub cov qe ntshav tshiab ua "yeeb ncuab" thiab pib tawm tsam lawv. Qhov no hu ua kev hloov pauv ntshav . Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij heev , qee zaum ua rau lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, ua pa nyuaj, lossis txawm tias tuag. Yog hais kom meej, nws zoo li kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav ntawm "Antigens" thiab "Antibodies" hauv koj lub cev uas tau hais ua ntej. Yog vim li cas nws thiaj li tseem ceeb rau cov kws kho mob kom paub koj hom ntshav kom meej.

2. Thaum cev xeeb tub

Qhov no tseem ceeb heev rau cov poj niam. Yog tias leej niam yog Rh negative thiab tus menyuam hauv plab yog Rh positive (qhov no tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm leej txiv hom ntshav), qee qhov teeb meem tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Txawm hais tias tus menyuam thawj zaug feem ntau tsis muaj teeb meem loj, thaum yug menyuam, qee cov qe ntshav liab ntawm tus menyuam tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog leej niam cov ntshav. Tom qab ntawd niam lub cev tsim "Antibodies" tawm tsam Rh positive "Antigen" ntawd. Tam sim no, yog tias tus menyuam thib ob kuj yog Rh positive, "Antibodies" uas tau tsim ua ntej hauv niam lub cev tuaj yeem ua rau tus menyuam cov qe ntshav liab puas tsuaj. Qhov no hu ua Rh incompatibility . Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem xws li ntshav tsis txaus thiab mob daj ntseg hauv tus menyuam. Tab sis tsis txhob txhawj, muaj kev kho mob zoo rau qhov no tam sim no. Cov kws kho mob kuaj xyuas qhov no thaum cev xeeb tub thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, muab tshuaj txhaj hu ua Anti-D kom tiv thaiv kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no. Rau qhov no, nws tseem ceeb heev kom paub leej niam hom ntshav.

3. Thaum pub ntshav

Yog koj yog ib tus neeg pub ntshav, kev paub koj hom ntshav yuav pab koj nkag siab tias koj tuaj yeem pab leej twg. Nws kuj pab cov tsev txhab ntshav muab ntshav rau cov neeg mob uas xav tau ntau hom ntshav sib txawv.

Puas muaj hom ntshav uas leej twg tuaj yeem pub rau thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev? (Universal Donor)

Yog, muaj ib hom ntshav tshwj xeeb zoo li no. Qhov ntawd yog hom ntshav O negative . Thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, yog tias tsis muaj sijhawm los nrhiav sai sai seb hom ntshav ntawm tus neeg mob yog dab tsi, cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem muab cov qe ntshav liab O negative. Koj puas paub vim li cas? Vim tias cov qe ntshav O negative tsis muaj cov antigens A thiab B ntawm lawv qhov chaw, thiab tsis muaj Rh antigen D. Yog li ntawd, thaum cov ntshav no raug txhaj rau hauv lub cev ntawm ib tus neeg uas muaj hom ntshav twg los xij, lub cev tsis tshua teb rau nws. Yog vim li cas cov ntshav O negative thiaj li hu ua "Universal Donor" (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov qe ntshav liab).

Tiam sis nco ntsoov, qhov no feem ntau tsuas yog siv rau thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev xwb. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los muab hom ntshav uas haum rau tus neeg mob tshaj plaws (ob qho tib si ABO thiab Rh sib xws) thaum twg ua tau.

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, cov neeg uas muaj hom ntshav AB zoo tuaj yeem tau txais cov qe ntshav liab los ntawm txhua hom ntshav ABO/Rh. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg AB zoo kuj raug hu ua "universal recipients" (rau cov qe ntshav liab). Vim tias lawv tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob A, B, lossis Rh antigens hauv lawv cov ntshav. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsuas pub tau ntshav rau cov neeg uas muaj hom ntshav AB zoo xwb.

Yuav txiav txim siab hom ntshav li cas? Puas yog ib yam dab tsi uas peb tau txais los ntawm peb niam peb txiv?

Yog, yog lawm. Peb cov ntshav hom yog txiav txim los ntawm cov noob caj noob ces uas peb tau txais los ntawm peb niam thiab txiv. Ib yam li peb cov xim plaub hau, xim qhov muag, thiab qhov siab. Qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem nyuaj me ntsis, tab sis hais yooj yim xwb, koj cov ntshav hom yog txiav txim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ib lub noob caj noob ces los ntawm koj niam thiab ib lub noob caj noob ces los ntawm koj txiv. Piv txwv li:

• Yog tias ob leeg niam txiv muaj ntshav hom O, tus menyuam yuav muaj ntshav hom O thiab.
• Tiam sis lwm tusHauv cov hom ntshav , nws yuav txawv me ntsis. Qee zaum nws muaj peev xwm rau tus menyuam muaj hom ntshav uas txawv ntawm niam thiab txiv cov hom ntshav (piv txwv li, yog tias niam yog A thiab txiv yog B, tus menyuam yuav yog A, B, AB, lossis O). Nws nyob ntawm seb cov noob caj noob ces tau muab tso ua ke li cas.

Vim li no, qee zaum yuav muaj cov hom ntshav sib txawv txawm tias ntawm cov tswv cuab hauv tsev neeg.

Kuv yuav paub tseeb li cas tias kuv cov ntshav yog hom twg?

Txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws los paub tseeb tias koj cov ntshav yog hom twg yog kev kuaj ntshav . Qhov no hu ua kev kuaj "Kev faib pawg ntshav thiab Rh Typing".

• Koj tuaj yeem nug txog qhov no thaum koj mus ntsib kws kho mob.
• Txwv tsis pub, yog tias koj mus pub ntshav, lawv yuav kuaj koj hom ntshav. Kev pub ntshav tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho kev coj ua zoo xwb, tab sis kuj yog ib lub sijhawm los nrhiav koj hom ntshav dawb.
• Piv txwv li, hauv qee lub tsev kho mob, hom ntshav kuj raug kuaj ua ntej phais .

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub koj hom ntshav thiab sau cia rau qhov twg. Ib txhia neeg khaws cia rau ntawm lawv daim npav ID lossis rau ntawm daim npav me me hauv lawv lub hnab nyiaj. Qhov no tuaj yeem pab tau heev thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev. Txawm tias koj hais tsis tau lus los xij, cov ntaub ntawv no yuav pab tau cov kws kho mob.

Cia peb muab qhov kev sib tham no ua ke thiab nco ntsoov nws? (Cov Lus Coj Mus Tsev)

Zoo, yog li cia peb rov los saib dua tej yam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas peb tau tham txog hnub no. Tej zaum tej no yuav pab tau koj lub neej ib hnub twg.

• Peb txhua tus muaj ib hom ntshav. Muaj plaub hom ntshav tseem ceeb: A, B, AB, thiab O.
• Ntxiv rau qhov no, kuj muaj Rh positive (+) lossis Rh negative (-) . Ob qho no ua ke ua rau tag nrho cov hom ntshav (piv txwv li A+, O-).
• Hom ntshav yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov antigens nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov qe ntshav liab.
• Kev paub koj hom ntshav yog qhov tseem ceeb heev thaum pub ntshav, txais ntshav ( hloov ntshav ), phais, thiab thaum cev xeeb tub . Kev pub hom ntshav tsis raug yog qhov txaus ntshai.
• Cov ntshav hom O tsis zoo tuaj yeem pub rau leej twg los tau rau cov qe ntshav liab thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev (universal donor ).
• Cov neeg uas muaj hom ntshav AB zoo tuaj yeem tau txais cov qe ntshav liab los ntawm txhua hom (universal recipient ).
• Mus kuaj ntshav kom paub koj hom ntshav. Sau cia thiab khaws cia rau qhov chaw nyab xeeb.

Yog li, kuv vam tias koj yuav pom cov lus tseeb no txog koj hom ntshav muaj txiaj ntsig. Qhov no tsis yog lus qhia kho mob, tab sis tsuas yog kev txhawb nqa kev paub dav dav xwb. Yog tias koj muaj lus nug lossis xav paub ntxiv txog koj hom ntshav, nws yog ib lub tswv yim zoo los tham nrog kws kho mob. Hom Ntshav, Pawg Ntshav, ABO, Rh factor, Kev Pub Ntshav, Kev Hloov Ntshav