Koj puas tau hnov lub npe 'Monoclonal Antibody'? Tej zaum koj yuav tau hnov lub npe no siv los kho mob qog noj ntshav, lossis rau cov kab mob zoo li Covid-19. Txawm hais tias nws yog ib lo lus txawv txawv thiab loj me ntsis, qhov no yog ib hom tshuaj uas tau ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv zoo kawg nkaus hauv peb cov tshuaj. Tsis txhob txhawj, qhov no tsis nyuaj rau nkag siab. Niaj hnub no, cia peb tham txog cov no yog dab tsi, lawv ua haujlwm li cas, thiab lawv siv rau cov kab mob dab tsi.
Hauv lwm lo lus, cov tshuaj monoclonal antibodies yog dab tsi?
Yuav kom nkag siab qhov no, cia peb xub kawm txog qee yam uas peb muaj hauv peb lub cev: 'Antibodies'.
Xav txog tias peb lub cev yog ib lub teb chaws. Ces peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog cov tub rog ntawm lub teb chaws ntawd. Cov tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv cov tub rog no hu ua 'Antibodies'. Thaum ib tug yeeb ncuab los ntawm sab nraud, uas yog, ib yam dab tsi zoo li ib tug kab mob lossis ib tug mob qog noj ntshav (hauv kev kho mob peb hu cov antigens no) nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, cov tub rog no mus ntes tus yeeb ncuab ntawd thiab xa lwm cov cell kom rhuav tshem nws.
Tam sim no, 'monoclonal antibodies' yog ib hom tshuaj antibody tshwj xeeb uas peb ua hauv chav kuaj mob. Cov no zoo ib yam li cov qauv ntawm cov tshuaj antibody uas peb muaj hauv peb lub cev.
- 'Mono' txhais tau tias 'ib'.
- 'Clonal' txhais tau tias 'clone'.
Yog li ntawd, lawv zoo li ntau 'cov ntawv theej' ntawm tib lub tshuaj tua kab mob. Lawv tau tsim los tawm tsam tsuas yog ib tus yeeb ncuab tshwj xeeb (antigen). Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj tua kab mob tau tsim los tawm tsam tsuas yog ib qho protein tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub qog nqaij hlav. Tej zaum koj yuav tau pom cov npe ntawm cov tshuaj no xaus rau hauv "mab" (piv txwv li Trastuzumab, Rituximab).
Hais yooj yim xwb, cov tshuaj monoclonal antibodies yog 'missiles' uas tau tsim los hauv chav kuaj mob kom rhuav tshem ib tus yeeb ncuab tshwj xeeb thiab uas yeej tsis plam lawv lub hom phiaj.
Cov no kho tau cov kab mob dab tsi?
Cov thev naus laus zis no tam sim no siv los kho ntau yam kab mob. Txij li thaum thawj cov tshuaj monoclonal antibody tau pom zoo hauv xyoo 1986, ntau yam tshuaj tau tsim tawm.
| Pawg kab mob | Kev piav qhia thiab piv txwv |
|---|---|
| Mob qog noj ntshav | Txhawm rau tsom thiab rhuav tshem cov hlwb qog noj ntshav xws li mob qog noj ntshav hauv lub mis, lymphoma, thiab leukemia. |
| Kev Mob Autoimmune | Txhawm rau tswj qhov ua haujlwm ntau dhau ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov mob xws li mob caj dab rheumatoid thiab Crohn's kab mob. |
| Kev kis kab mob | Txhawm rau tiv thaiv thiab tawm tsam cov kab mob xws li tus kab mob COVID-19. |
| Kev Tsis Kam Hloov Lub Cev | Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub cev kom tsis txhob tsis lees txais ib lub cev, xws li lub raum, tom qab nws tau hloov pauv lawm. |
| Lwm yam kab mob | Nws kuj tseem siv rau kev mob pob txha, mob taub hau loj, roj cholesterol ntau, qee yam kab mob qhov muag, thiab cov kab mob ntawm lub paj hlwb. |
Kev kho mob no muab li cas?
Cov tshuaj no feem ntau muab ua cov kua saline rau hauv cov leeg ntshav (intravenous - IV) . Qhov no kuj hu ua 'infusion'. Tej zaum koj yuav raug xa mus rau tsev kho mob lossis chaw kho mob 'infusion center' rau ib hnub thiab muab kev kho mob no rau ob peb teev.
- Kev Kho Mob Thawj Zaug: Yog tias qhov no yog koj thawj zaug kho mob no, tej zaum koj yuav xav kom ib tug neeg hauv tsev neeg nrog koj mus. Qhov no yog vim cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob yuav ua tib zoo mloog koj kom piav qhia txog kev kho mob thiab xyuas seb puas muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj.
- Kev txhaj tshuaj rau hauv daim tawv nqaij: Qee zaum, cov tshuaj no kuj raug muab ua kev txhaj tshuaj rau hauv daim tawv nqaij (subcutaneous) . Hauv qhov no, koj tus kws kho mob lossis tus nais maum yuav qhia koj yuav txhaj tshuaj li cas rau koj tus kheej. Cov no feem ntau yog muab rau hauv plab lossis ncej puab.
Hom kev kho mob
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no siv ntau txoj hauv kev:
1. Cov Tshuaj Monoclonal Antibodies Liab Qab: Cov no yog kev kho mob uas sawv ntawm nws tus kheej. Lawv mus ncaj qha rau thiab txuas rau cov khoom xws li cov hlwb qog noj ntshav, nres lawv txoj kev loj hlob lossis ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom rhuav tshem lawv.
2. Cov Tshuaj Monoclonal Sib Xyaws:Cov no zoo li ib lub 'pob khoom'. Cov tshuaj chemotherapy lossis cov khoom me me uas muaj zog radioactive raug txuas rau cov tshuaj antibody thiab xa mus. Cov tshuaj antibody nrhiav tau lub cell mob qog noj ntshav thiab 'xa' cov 'pob khoom' no mus rau ntawd. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj me ntsis rau cov cell noj qab haus huv.
3. Cov Tshuaj Monoclonal Antibodies uas muaj ob yam sib txawv: Cov no tuaj yeem tawm tsam ob lub hom phiaj ib zaug. Zoo li muaj ob txhais tes ua ob txoj haujlwm. Piv txwv li, thaum tuav ib lub cell mob qog noj ntshav nrog ib sab tes, sab tod tes tuav ib lub cell tiv thaiv kab mob, txuas ob lub ua ke thiab pab rhuav tshem lub cell mob qog noj ntshav.
Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kho mob no yog dab tsi?
Cov txiaj ntsig
- Lub hom phiaj yog tshwj xeeb: Cov kev kho mob ib txwm muaj xws li kev siv tshuaj kho mob qog noj ntshav ua rau puas tsuaj rau txhua lub hlwb uas faib sai (cov hlwb mob qog noj ntshav nrog rau cov plaub hau thiab cov hlwb tawv nqaij zoo). Tab sis vim tias cov no tsuas yog tawm tsam cov hlwb uas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau tus kab mob, cov kev phiv tsis tshua muaj.
- Zoo dua: Cov no tau ua tiav zoo heev hauv kev kho qee yam kab mob, tshwj xeeb yog mob qog noj ntshav.
- Tib tus qauv: Vim tias nws yog ua nyob rau hauv chav kuaj mob, txhua pawg tshuaj muaj tib yam zoo.
Kev Pheej Hmoo
Ib yam li lwm yam tshuaj, kev kho mob no muaj qee qhov kev pheej hmoo. Tab sis tsis txhob txhawj, koj tus kws kho mob yuav qhia koj txog txhua yam no thiab saib xyuas koj zoo.
- Cov Kev Tshwm Sim Thaum Muab Tshuaj Rau Hauv Qhov Ncauj: Cov no yog cov kev tshwm sim feem ntau uas tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm lossis tom qab muab tshuaj rau hauv qhov ncauj sai sai. Cov no yuav suav nrog mob lub cev, kub taub hau, txias, ua pa nyuaj, tawm hws, thiab hloov pauv ntshav siab. Cov no feem ntau tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev qeeb qeeb ntawm qhov kev muab tshuaj rau hauv qhov ncauj.
- Cov kev tsis haum loj (tsis tshua muaj): Tsis tshua muaj heev, tab sis cov kev tsis haum loj tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
- Mob Anaphylaxis Loj Hlob: Kev ua xua hnyav heev uas tshwm sim sai sai.
- Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS): Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntau dhau thiab ua rau cov kabmob puas tsuaj.
- Kab Mob Hauv Cov Ntshav: Kev tawm tsam los ntawm lub cev lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam cov tshuaj.
Vim tias tej yam zoo li no tuaj yeem tshwm sim tau, cov kws kho mob thiab cov kws tu mob thiaj li ceev faj txog koj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum koj raug kho thawj zaug.
Koj puas xav nrog tus kws kho mob tham?
Yog, yeej muaj tseeb. Yog tias koj muaj lus nug txog kev kho mob no, lossis yog tias koj xav paub seb qhov kev kho mob no puas yog rau koj, tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob. Nws yuav muab cov lus qhia zoo tshaj plaws rau koj raws li koj tus mob thiab koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv.
Tseem Ceeb: Yog tias koj muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj tom qab kho mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yogYog tias koj muaj teeb meem ua pa nyuaj, mob hauv siab, mob nqaij tawv heev, hais lus nyuaj, lossis hloov pauv hauv kev nco qab, hu rau koj tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd, lossis mus rau Chav Kho Mob Thaum Muaj Xwm Ceev (ETU) ntawm lub tsev kho mob ze tshaj plaws.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Cov tshuaj monoclonal antibodies yog ib hom protein tshwj xeeb uas ua nyob rau hauv chav kuaj mob uas ua haujlwm zoo li ib feem ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Cov no yog ib txoj kev niaj hnub thiab ua tiav uas siv los kho ntau yam kab mob, suav nrog mob qog noj ntshav, mob pob qij txha, thiab COVID-19.
- Vim tias txoj kev kho mob no ua haujlwm rau lub hom phiaj, nws yuav muaj tsawg dua cov kev phiv dua li cov kev kho mob ib txwm muaj.
- Thaum muab tshuaj no, tej zaum yuav muaj kev tsis haum xws li kub taub hau thiab pob khaus. Txawm li cas los xij, tej kev phiv loj heev tsis tshua muaj.
- Nco ntsoov tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob seb qhov kev kho mob no puas yog rau koj thiab nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo yog dab tsi.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus