Koj puas paub txog tus kab mob fungal txaus ntshai no? (Mucormycosis) Cia peb tham!

Koj puas tau hnov ​​txog tus kab mob 'black fungus' no? Tej zaum koj hnov ​​nws hauv ntawv xov xwm lossis hauv xov xwm TV. Qhov tseeb, nws yog ib yam kab mob txaus ntshai thiab muaj peev xwm loj heev. Niaj hnub no, cia peb tham txog tus kab mob fungal no, uas hu ua Mucormycosis, hauv cov lus yooj yim.

Mucormycosis yog dab tsi?

Hais yooj yim xwb, Mucormycosis yog ib qho kab mob fungal loj heev . Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov fungi hu ua mucormycetes. Cov fungi no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau ntau qhov ntawm peb lub cev. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau koj lub qhov muag, sinuses (qhov chaw hauv koj lub hauv pliaj thiab sab plhu), lub hlwb, ntsws, plab thiab txoj hnyuv (txoj hnyuv plab), lossis daim tawv nqaij.

Hauv qhov no, cov tsos mob yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb qhov twg ntawm koj lub cev raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov pwm. Qee zaum nws hu ua zygomycosis.

Tam sim no xav txog, cov nceb no hu ua mucomycetes nyob hauv ib puag ncig peb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv av, compost, nplooj ntoos lwj, thiab cov ntoo chips. Tab sis qhov xav tsis thoob, feem ntau ntawm peb tsis mob los ntawm cov nceb no. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg uas muaj ntshav qab zib, qee hom mob qog noj ntshav, lossis lwm yam mob uas ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog muaj feem ntau dua ntawm kev mob mucomycosis.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias mucormycosis yog ib yam kab mob uas feem ntau tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus . Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob no, koj yuav tsum mus rau tsev kho mob lossis nrhiav kev pab kho mob tam sim ntawd.

Cov hom kab mob Mucormycosis tseem ceeb yog dab tsi?

Muaj ntau hom kab mob mucormycosis tseem ceeb. Lawv yog:

• Hom kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau lub qhov ntswg, qhov muag, thiab lub hlwb (Rhino-orbital-cerebral lossis Rhinocerebral mucormycosis)
• Kab mob ntsws ua pa hu ua mucormycosis
• Kab mob mucormycosis ntawm daim tawv nqaij
• Hom kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau lub cev zom zaub mov (Gastrointestinal mucormycosis)
• Kev kis tus kab mob mucormycosis

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no yog dab tsi?

Cov tsos mob ntawm mucormycosis nyob ntawm seb qhov twg ntawm koj lub cev muaj kab mob. Tej zaum koj yuav muaj cov tsos mob hauv koj lub qhov ntswg, lub ntsws, txoj hnyuv, nyob ib ncig ntawm koj lub qhov muag, lossis ntawm koj daim tawv nqaij.

Hom kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau lub qhov ntswg, qhov muag, thiab lub hlwb (Rhino-orbital-cerebral Mucormycosis)

Qhov no yog hom kab mob mucormycosis uas feem ntau pom . Hauv qhov no, cov pwm thawj zaug kis rau koj cov sinuses thiab tuaj yeem kis mus rau lub qhov ntswg thiab lub hlwb. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg uas muaj ntshav qab zib hnyav, tsis tswj tau (piv txwv li, A1C ntau dua 8% txawm tias kho tsis tu ncua rau ntau tshaj ib xyoos) thiab rau cov neeg uas tau hloov pauv lub cev.

Cov tsos mob ntawm hom no yog:

• Ua npaws
• Mob taub hau
• Mob Sinus (mob hauv pliaj, sab plhu)
• Qhov ntswg txhaws
• Cov qhov txhab los yog cov kab mob ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm lub qhov ncauj
• Kev pom kev tsis meej los yog pom ob sab
• Nyuaj siab tig lub qhov muag thiab luag ntxhi (qhov no hu ua 'cranial nerve palsy')
• Qhov muag tawm (proptosis)
• O ntawm qhov muag
• Kua muag dub los yog kua qaub los ntawm lub qhov muag
• Kev tsis meej pem lossis lwm yam kev hloov pauv ntawm lub hlwb

Kab mob ntsws hu ua mucormycosis

Kab mob fungal no yog hom kab mob thib ob uas feem ntau kis rau lub ntsws. Nws feem ntau kis rau hauv:

• Cov neeg uas muaj mob qog ntshav (piv txwv li, leukemia, lymphoma, lossis myeloma), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg uas muaj cov qe ntshav dawb qis (neutropenia)
• Rau cov neeg uas tau hloov pob txha
• Rau cov neeg uas tau hloov lub cev kom ruaj khov

Cov tsos mob ntawm hom no:

• Ua npaws
• Mob hauv siab
• Ua pa nyuaj (ua tsis taus pa)
• Hnoos ntshav (hemoptysis)

Mob mucormycosis ntawm daim tawv nqaij

Hom kab mob no tshwm sim thaum ib tug pwm nkag mus rau hauv koj daim tawv nqaij los ntawm qhov txiav lossis khawb. Xav txog tias koj muaj ib qho qhov txhab me me thiab muaj ib yam dab tsi zoo li av nkag mus rau ntawm qhov txhab. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov pwm no nkag mus. Qhov xav tsis thoob, hom kab mob no kuj tshwm sim ntau rau cov neeg uas muaj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob zoo.

Cov tsos mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij:

• Cov hlwv mob, cov qhov txhab, lossis cov pob tawv ntawm daim tawv nqaij
• Tawv nqaij liab, tsis muaj xim, lossis o

Cov kev hloov pauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij no yuav hnyav zuj zus mus raws sijhawm. Lawv yuav hloov ua xim dub, kis mus rau ntau qhov chaw loj, thiab qee zaum tuaj yeem nthuav mus rau hauv cov leeg lossis pob txha.

Hom kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau lub cev zom zaub mov (Gastrointestinal Mucormycosis)

Qhov no yog kev kis kab mob ntawm lub plab lossis txoj hnyuv. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov menyuam mos uas yug tsis tau lub sijhawm. Tab sis tsis ntev los no, nws kuj tau nce ntxiv rau cov neeg laus uas muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob qis (neutropenia), cov neeg uas noj tshuaj corticosteroid ntev, thiab cov neeg uas muaj lwm yam kab mob uas ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog.

Cov tsos mob:

• Mob plab
• Xeev siab thiab ntuav
• Kev los ntshav hauv plab hnyuv

Kev kis tus kab mob Mucormycosis

Hauv qhov no, tus kab mob kis mus rau ntau qhov ntawm lub cev los ntawm cov ntshav. Feem ntau nws cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb, tab sis nws kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub plawv, lub qhov ntswg, lossis daim tawv nqaij. Qhov no yog hom mob mucormycosis hnyav tshaj plaws thiab ua rau tuag taus. Nws feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv:

• Cov neeg uas muaj mob qog ntshav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg uas muaj neutropenia
• Cov neeg uas tau hloov pob txha
• Cov neeg uas tau hloov lub cev uas ruaj khov lawm

Vim tias hom kab mob no cuam tshuam rau ntau qhov ntawm lub cev, cov tsos mob ntawm lwm hom kab mob uas tau hais los saum toj no kuj tseem yuav tshwm sim, nrog rau cov tsos mob ntawm txhua yam mob uas koj muaj.

Vim li cas mucormycosis thiaj tshwm sim?

Kab mob Mucomycosis yog tshwm sim los ntawm ntau hom kab mob fungi. Cov kab mob feem ntau yog Rhizopus oryzae thiab Rhizopus delemar. (Cov no yog cov kab mob tshwj xeeb.) Cov kab mob fungi no nyob hauv ib puag ncig - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv av, compost, nplooj ntoos lwj thiab cov ntoo chips. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem pom hauv cov khoom noj uas tsis tau ntxuav kom huv. Feem ntau ntawm peb tsis mob los ntawm kev ua pa lossis kov cov kab mob fungi no. Tab sis yog tias koj muaj qee yam mob, koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tsis muaj peev xwm tawm tsam kev kis kab mob.

Qhov no tuaj rau peb li cas?

Koj tuaj yeem kis tau tus kab mob mucormycosis los ntawm kev ua pa cov noob (cov noob ntawm cov pwm uas tsim tau menyuam) ntawm cov pwm no, noj ib yam dab tsi uas muaj lawv, lossis ua rau lawv tawg hauv daim tawv nqaij. Cov noob no me heev uas peb pom tsis tau lawv lossis zam tsis tau lawv.

Tsis tshua muaj, nws tau kis los ntawm tsev kho mob, los ntawm cov khoom siv kho mob uas muaj kuab paug, thiab tom qab muaj kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim. Piv txwv li, cua daj cua dub loj heev tuaj yeem ua rau av ntau heev thiab tso cov pwm mus rau hauv huab cua.

Qhov no puas kis tau ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau ib tus neeg?

Tsis yog. Kab mob Mucormycosis tsis kis tau ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau lwm tus. Koj tsuas yog kis tau cov pwm no los ntawm ib puag ncig xwb.

Leej twg muaj feem yuav mob mucormycosis ntau dua?

Cov neeg uas muaj mob ntshav qab zib thiab qee yam mob uas ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog yog cov uas muaj feem yuav mob no ntau tshaj plaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj hlau ntau dhau hauv lub cev tuaj yeem ua rau mob no. Cov yam ua rau mob no muaj xws li:

• Mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog cov mob xws li hyperglycemia thiab ketoacidosis.
• Tau muaj kev hloov pauv lub cev ruaj khov.
• Tau muaj kev hloov pauv hlwb ntawm cov ntshav (hematopoietic stem cell transplant) (kev hloov hlwb pob txha).
• Neutropenia yog qhov txo qis ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb hu ua neutrophils.
• Mob qog noj ntshav, tshwj xeeb yog leukemia, lymphoma, lossis myeloma.
• Kev siv tshuaj corticosteroids ntev.
• Txhaj tshuaj yam tsis tau kev qhia los ntawm kws kho mob.
• Ib yam mob hu ua hemochromatosis (uas ua rau lub cev muaj hlau ntau ntxiv - 'iron overload').
• Kub hnyiab lossis raug mob hnyav ntawm daim tawv nqaij uas cia cov av thiab cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv qhov txhab.
• Yug ua ntej lub sijhawm lossis muaj qhov hnyav tsawg thaum yug los.

Hais yooj yim xwb, yog tias koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob (lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob) tsis muaj zog, koj yuav muaj feem ntau dua rau qhov no.

Cov teeb meem uas yuav tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob no yog dab tsi?

Kab mob Mucormycosis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj heev thiab ua rau tuag taus, suav nrog:

• Cavernous sinus thrombosis: Qhov no yog cov ntshav txhaws uas tsim nyob rau hauv koj lub qhov ntswg. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.
• Kab mob necrotizing fasciitis:Qhov no yog ib qho kab mob loj heev thiab kis tau sai heev (tseem hu ua "cov kab mob noj nqaij"). Nws tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.
• Kab mob pob txha: Qhov no yog kev kis kab mob rau koj cov pob txha. Cov pob txha tuaj yeem raug rhuav tshem.

Cov no yog cov mob txaus ntshai heev, yog vim li cas nws thiaj li tseem ceeb kom tau txais kev kho mob sai.

Koj kuaj mob no li cas kom meej? (Kev kuaj mob)

Tus kws kho mob yuav xav tias mucormycosis yog los ntawm koj cov tsos mob thiab lwm yam mob uas koj muaj. Yuav kom paub meej qhov no, lawv yuav thaij duab (scanning) ntawm cov qhov chaw uas raug mob thiab kuaj xyuas koj cov nqaij hauv lub cev seb puas muaj cov pwm.

Cov kev ntsuam xyuas rau qhov no:

• Kev Thaij Duab: Tej zaum yuav muaj kev thaij duab X-ray hauv siab, CT scans (computed tomography scans), lossis MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans.
• Kev kuaj mob ultrasound hauv lub ntsws: Qhov no yog ib hom kev kuaj mob bronchoscopy. Qhov no txhais tau tias siv lub cuab yeej ultrasound txuas rau lub raj nyias nyias thiab ci ntsa iab los thaij duab sab hauv ntawm lub ntsws.
• Kev kuaj cov nqaij ntawm koj lub cev: Tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem saib koj cov nqaij hauv qab lub tshuab tsom iav lossis los ntawm kev kuaj hauv chaw kuaj mob kom pom tias puas muaj cov kab mob mucormycosis.

Yuav kho tus mob Mucormycosis li cas?

Cov kws kho mob kho cov kab mob mucormycosis nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob fungal. Lawv kuj tseem yuav tsum tau phais kom tshem tawm cov nqaij uas muaj kab mob lossis tuag. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob fungal siv rau qhov no yog:

• Amphotericin B
• Posaconazole (Posaconazole)
• Isavuconazole

Koj yuav tau noj cov tshuaj tua kab mob fungal no rau ntau lub lis piam, tej zaum ntau lub hlis.

Kab mob no puas kho tau tag nrho?

Yog, nws ua tau. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau kho sai sai. Txawm tias kev kho mob raug ncua rau ob peb hnub, qhov muaj feem yuav ciaj sia yuav txo qis heev. Txawm tias kev kho mob pib sai sai los xij, nws tuaj yeem nyuaj rau kho.

Kev kho mob sai yog lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws los cawm ib tug neeg txoj sia!

Tus nqi tuag vim yog Mucormycosis yog dab tsi?

Vim tias nws nyuaj rau kho thiab vim tias ntau tus neeg uas muaj tus kab mob mucormycosis muaj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog, qhov feem pua ​​​​​​ntawm kev tuag yog siab. Qhov feem pua ​​​​​​ntawm kev tuag rau txhua hom kab mob mucormycosis yog li 54%. Mucormycosis uas cuam tshuam rau tsuas yog cov sinuses muaj qhov feem pua ​​​​​​ntawm kev tuag qis dua me ntsis (kwv yees li 46%). Txawm li cas los xij, disseminated mucormycosis uas tau kis mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev feem ntau yog qhov tuag taus.

Qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem loj heev. Vim tias tus kab mob no nyuaj kho, thiab vim tias feem ntau cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob no tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob, tus nqi tuag thiaj siab heev. Tab sis tsis txhob tso tseg kev cia siab, muaj lub sijhawm zoo rov qab los nrog kev kho mob thaum ntxov.

Kuv yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob thaum twg?

Yog tias koj muaj ib qho ntawm cov mob hauv qab no, nug kws kho mob seb yuav tiv thaiv cov kab mob fungal li cas thiab yuav paub lawv li cas thaum ntxov:

• Yog koj muaj mob ntshav qab zib lossis mob qog noj ntshav.
• Yog tias koj tau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev lossis kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hlwb.
• Yog tias koj muaj mob lossis noj tshuaj uas ua rau koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog.

Kuv yuav tsum mus rau Chav Kho Mob Thaum Muaj Xwm Ceev (ETU) thaum twg?

Kab mob mucormycosis tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus yog tias tsis kho sai. Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob ntawm mucormycosis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog lossis ntshav qab zib, mus rau chav kho mob ceev tam sim ntawd. Ib txwm nrhiav kev kho mob ceev yog tias koj muaj ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob hnyav hauv qab no:

• Kub taub hau heev (tshaj 103 Fahrenheit / 40 Celsius).
• Ua pa nyuaj.
• Hnoos ntshav.
• Qhov muag o los yog o nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov muag.
• Kev pom kev hloov pauv, xws li pom ob sab.
• Kev tsis meej pem lossis lwm yam kev hloov pauv ntawm lub hlwb.
• Qaug dab peg.
• Cov kua muag dub los yog kua muag.
• Ib qho qhov txhab uas tsis kho, txuas ntxiv kis mus, lossis hloov mus ua xim dub.

Yog koj muaj ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob no, mus rau tsev kho mob yam tsis muaj kev ncua!

Kuv yuav tsum nug kuv tus kws kho mob li cas?

Tej zaum yuav pab tau yog koj nug koj tus kws kho mob cov lus nug no:

• Kuv puas muaj feem yuav kis tau kab mob fungal ntau dua?
• Kuv ua tau dab tsi los txo kuv qhov kev pheej hmoo?
• Kuv yuav tsum saib xyuas cov tsos mob twg thiab thaum twg kuv yuav tsum nrhiav kev pab kho mob?
• Kuv muaj cov kev kho mob twg?
• Kuv yuav cia siab li cas nrog qhov kev kuaj mob no?

Puas muaj txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv Mucormycosis? (Kev Tiv Thaiv)

Cov kab mob fungal uas ua rau mucormycosis nyob ib puag ncig peb, yog li nws nyuaj rau zam lawv kiag li. Tab sis ntawm no yog qee cov kauj ruam uas koj tuaj yeem ua kom txo koj txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob fungal:

• Yog tias koj muaj mob uas ua rau koj muaj feem yuav kis tau kab mob fungal loj heev, ua haujlwm nrog koj tus kws kho mob kom tswj hwm nws.
• Yog tias koj muaj feem yuav kis tau kab mob fungal ntau, koj tus kws kho mob yuav sau ntawv kom koj noj cov tshuaj antifungals kom pab tiv thaiv koj kom tsis txhob mob.
• Yog tias koj txoj haujlwm ua rau koj muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug cov kab mob fungal, nug koj tus kws kho mob yog tias koj muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob ntau dua.
• Tsis txhob mus rau thaj chaw uas muaj plua plav, xws li thaj chaw ua vaj tse. Yog tias koj yuav tsum nyob rau hauv thaj chaw zoo li no, hnav lub npog ntsej muag "N95" (lossis lwm yam khoom siv tiv thaiv) uas pab lim cov noob kab mob fungal ntawm cov huab cua koj ua pa.
• Tsis txhob ua tej yam uas yuav ua rau koj raug cov noob kab mob xws li kev ua teb thiab kev khawb av. Hnav hnab looj tes thiab khaub ncaws uas npog daim tawv nqaij ntau li ntau tau thaum ua haujlwm sab nraum zoov.
• Ntxuav cov qhov txiav thiab cov khawb kom huv si nrog xab npum thiab dej.

COVID-19 puas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm Mucormycosis?

Xyoo 2021, muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov neeg mob mucormycosis ntawm cov neeg uas muaj COVID-19. Tab sis cov kws tshaj lij tsis paub meej tias qhov txuas yog dab tsi. Lawv kuj tsis paub meej tias kev muaj COVID-19 nws tus kheej puas txaus los ua kom muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau ntxiv, vim tias:

• Feem ntau cov neeg mob tau tshaj tawm los ntawm cov cheeb tsam hauv ntiaj teb uas mucormycosis muaj ntau. Thaum muaj tus kab mob COVID-19 sib kis, kwv yees li 1 ntawm 3 tus neeg uas muaj mucormycosis hauv cov cheeb tsam no tsis muaj COVID-19.
• Thaum muaj tus kab mob sib kis thoob ntiaj teb, muaj ntau tus neeg mob COVID-19 thiab mucormycosis tau tshaj tawm hauv lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb (qhov twg mucormycosis feem ntau tsis tshua muaj), tab sis tsis muaj kev sib kis ntawm cov kab mob fungal hauv cov chaw uas mucormycosis feem ntau tsis tshua muaj.
• Muaj coob tus neeg uas muaj ob qho tib si mucormycosis thiab COVID-19 tau tswj tus kab mob ntshav qab zib tsis zoo lossis noj tshuaj corticosteroid. Cov no yog cov yam ua rau mucormycosis.
• Muaj ntau tus neeg uas muaj ob qho tib si COVID-19 thiab mucormycosis muaj hom uas cuam tshuam rau lub qhov ntswg, qhov muag, thiab lub hlwb (rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis) - tsis yog tus kab mob ntsws ib txwm muaj uas koj xav tias yuav muaj. Qhov no kuj qhia tau tias lwm yam mob hauv qab, tsis yog COVID-19 xwb, ua rau muaj tus kab mob no.

Yog li ntawd, nws nyuaj rau hais tam sim ntawd tias qhov no yog los ntawm Covid-19. Tej zaum yuav muaj lwm yam uas ua rau nws.

Thaum kawg, tej yam uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov

Kab mob Mucormycosis yog ib yam kab mob tsis tshua muaj . Nws cuam tshuam rau li ib lossis ob tus neeg hauv ib lab tus tib neeg txhua xyoo. Tab sis yog tias koj muaj tej yam mob uas ua rau koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog, koj muaj feem yuav muaj feem ntau dua. Cov neeg uas muaj ntshav qab zib thiab A1C siab yuav tsum ceev faj tshwj xeeb.

Kev tswj koj cov mob nkeeg yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los noj qab nyob zoo. Tab sis nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham txog lwm txoj hauv kev los txo koj txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob. Nws tuaj yeem tham txog txhua yam kev txhawj xeeb uas koj muaj thiab qhia koj seb yuav tsum saib xyuas cov tsos mob li cas.

Qhov no tsis yog ib yam kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau txhua tus. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj muaj ib yam kab mob uas ua rau koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog, xws li ntshav qab zib, yuav tsum ceev faj heev. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob ntawm mucormycosis, mus rau chav kho mob ceev ntawm lub tsev kho mob ze tshaj plaws tam sim ntawd. Vim tias kev kho mob sai sai tuaj yeem cawm tau txoj sia!

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