Koj puas xav tias koj lub qhov muag thiab koj lub cev tsis zoo lawm? Cia peb tham txog Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO)!

Puas muaj tej lub sij hawm koj mam li pom tias koj lub zeem muag hloov pauv, lossis xav tias qee qhov ntawm koj lub cev tsis muaj zog lossis tsis muaj sia nyob? Tej zaum koj lub qhov muag mob, lossis koj nyuaj siab rau kev taug kev? Tej zaum yuav muaj ib qho laj thawj rau tej yam no, thiab hnub no peb yuav tham txog ib yam kab mob uas tsis tshua muaj, tab sis tseem ceeb heev rau peb txhua tus kom paub txog. Qhov ntawd yog neuromyelitis optica, lossis peb hu nws luv luv tias '(NMO)'.

Neuromyelitis Optica yog dab tsi?

Hais yooj yim xwb, Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) yog ib yam mob uas mob ntev thiab ntev mus ntev los lawm. Feem ntau nws cuam tshuam rau koj qhov muag pom kev thiab koj lub peev xwm txav koj lub cev. Xav txog tias peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, pib tawm tsam qee qhov ntawm peb lub paj hlwb tsis raug. Qhov ntawd yog qhov peb hu ua tus kab mob autoimmune. Yog li, NMO yog ib yam kab mob zoo li no.

Kab mob no tau raug hu ua ntau lub npe dhau los. Chiv thawj nws hu ua kab mob Devic, tom qab tus kws kho mob hlwb Fabkis Eugene Devic, uas yog thawj tus piav qhia txog nws. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 2015, ib pab pawg kws tshaj lij thoob ntiaj teb tau hu nws ua Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD). Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov kws kho mob thiab lwm tus tseem hu nws ua NMO.

Yav tas los, cov kws tshaj lij xav tias NMO yog ib hom kab mob multiple sclerosis (MS) uas tsis tshua muaj. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no nws pom tseeb tias nws yog ib yam mob sib cais, ywj pheej ntawm MS .

Leej twg yuav muaj feem mob neuromyelitis optica (NMO) ntau dua?

Tus mob no feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov poj niam. Kwv yees li ntawm 80% txog 90% ntawm cov neeg mob yog poj niam. Feem ntau nws cuam tshuam rau cov neeg hnub nyoog ntawm 30 thiab 40 xyoo. Nws tsis tshua muaj menyuam yaus tshwm sim NMO, uas txhais tau tias tsuas yog ib qho me me xwb, kwv yees li 5% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg mob.

Txawm hais tias cov neeg ntawm txhua haiv neeg lossis pawg neeg tuaj yeem muaj NMO, nws tsis cuam tshuam rau txhua tus tib yam. Cov neeg ntawm cov neeg African, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg Afro-Caribbean, muaj kev pheej hmoo siab dua. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov neeg ntawm cov neeg Asian.

Tus mob no hu ua '(NMO)' ntau npaum li cas?

Qhov tseeb, NMO yog ib yam kab mob tsis tshua muaj. Feem ntau nws cuam tshuam rau ntawm 0.3 thiab 4.4 ntawm txhua 100,000 tus neeg. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias yuav muaj ntawm 24,000 thiab 350,600 tus neeg mob thoob ntiaj teb.

Qhov '(NMO)' no cuam tshuam li cas rau kuv lub cev?

Yuav kom nkag siab txog NMO cuam tshuam li cas rau koj, nws yog ib qho pab tau kom nkag siab me ntsis txog peb lub paj hlwb. Peb lub paj hlwb yog ua los ntawm lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum. Qhov tseeb, txawm tias cov hlab ntsha pom kev uas pab peb pom kev kuj yog ib feem ntawm lub hlwb.

Thaum peb muab lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum ua ke, peb hu nws ua lub paj hlwb hauv nruab nrab. Tom qab ntawd, cov hlab ntsha uas nthuav dav thoob plaws lub cev hu ua lub paj hlwb peripheral.

Peb lub paj hlwb nqa cov ntaub ntawv mus thiab los ntawm lub hlwb. Qhov no ua tiav los ntawm cov cim tshuaj lom neeg thiab hluav taws xob. Cov cim no taug kev hla cov hlwb tshwj xeeb hu ua neurons.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm txhua lub neuron yog lub axon. Qhov no zoo li ib txhais caj npab ntawm lub neuron. Cov teeb liab hluav taws xob raug nqa mus raws lub axon no. Thaum kawg ntawm lub axon yog cov ntu hu ua synapses. Qhov no yog qhov uas cov teeb liab hluav taws xob dhau los ua cov teeb liab tshuaj lom neeg. Cov synapses no yog qhov uas lub neuron txuas thiab sib txuas lus nrog lwm lub neurons.

Nyob ib puag ncig lub axon no yog ib lub plhaub nyias nyias, tiv thaiv hu ua myelin. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg rog. Lub plhaub myelin pab cov teeb liab hluav taws xob mus ncig raws lub axon thiab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau lub axon. (NMO) yog ib qho kab mob demyelinating uas ua rau lub plhaub myelin puas tsuaj. Qhov no zoo ib yam li lub plhaub yas ntawm cov xov hluav taws xob tuaj yeem puas tsuaj yog tias koj tshem nws tawm. Thaum lub plhaub myelin raug tshem tawm, lub axon tuaj yeem yooj yim puas tsuaj.

Qhov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm NMO feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov neurons hauv ob qho chaw tshwj xeeb:

1. Cov hlab ntsha pom kev, uas txuas koj ob lub qhov muag rau koj lub hlwb.

2. Koj tus txha caj qaum. Qhov no yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb uas cov teeb liab ntawm cov hlab ntsha raug sau ua ntej lawv mus txog lub hlwb.

NMO tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau ntau theem ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv qab ntawm tus txha caj qaum. Qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau txhua cov hlab ntsha uas txuas rau hauv qab ntawm tus txha caj qaum uas raug cuam tshuam.

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob neuromyelitis optica (NMO) yog dab tsi?

Cov tsos mob ntawm NMO tshwm sim ua hom "kev tawm tsam." Qhov no txhais tau tias cov tsos mob tshwm sim sai sai, kav ntev li ib ntus, thiab tom qab ntawd ploj mus. Cov kev tawm tsam no tuaj yeem kav ntev li ob peb hnub mus rau ntau lub hlis. Cov kev tawm tsam no feem ntau hnyav heev, thiab qee zaum tuaj yeem ua rau puas tsuaj mus tas li. Hauv qhov no, cov teebmeem yuav nyob mus tas li txawm tias tom qab kev tawm tsam tas lawm.

Cov tsos mob ntawm NMO muaj peb pawg tseem ceeb:

• Kab mob optic neuritis: Cov tsos mob no yog tshwm sim los ntawm o (o) ntawm cov hlab ntsha optic hauv ib lossis ob qho tib si ntawm koj lub qhov muag.
• Myelitis: Cov tsos mob no yog tshwm sim los ntawm o (o) ntawm tus txha caj qaum.
• Kev cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb:Cov no tshwm sim thaum NMO cuam tshuam rau koj lub hypothalamus lossis brainstem, uas yog cov feem tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub cev uas tswj cov txheej txheem tsis siv neeg.

Mob hlwb qhov muag

Peb ob lub qhov muag txais lub teeb los ntawm peb ib puag ncig thiab xa cov cim mus rau lub hlwb los ntawm cov hlab ntsha pom kev. Lub hlwb ua cov cim ntawd thiab muab rau peb pom kev.

Hauv cov kab mob optic neuritis, cov hlab ntsha optic yuav o. Vim tias tsis muaj ntau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv qhov ntawd ntawm lub taub hau, qhov o no tuaj yeem muab kev nyuaj siab rau cov hlab ntsha optic. Xav txog nws, thaum peb zawm ib txhais caj npab lossis ceg, nws yuav hnov ​​​​​​mob thiab mob. Qhov ntawd yog qhov tshwm sim thaum muaj kev nyuaj siab rau cov hlab ntsha optic.

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob optic neuritis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau ib lossis ob lub qhov muag. Qee zaum ib lub qhov muag tuaj yeem raug cuam tshuam ua ntej, tom qab ntawd lwm lub, lossis ob lub qhov muag tuaj yeem raug cuam tshuam tib lub sijhawm. Cov tsos mob suav nrog:

• Mob qhov muag: Qhov mob no yuav nce ntxiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum txav lub qhov muag.
• Pom kev tsis meej: Qhov no tuaj yeem nce ntxiv thaum koj nkees.
• Pom kev tsis meej ib nrab lossis tag nrho: Tej zaum koj yuav pom kev tsis meej tag nrho lossis ib feem ntawm ib lub qhov muag (piv txwv li, koj yuav pom qhov nruab nrab ntawm yam koj tab tom saib). Tej zaum koj kuj yuav pom kev tsis meej lossis pom xim tsis meej.
• Qhov nyuaj pom kev thaum tsis muaj teeb: Qhov no ua rau nws nyuaj rau ua tej yam xws li tsav tsheb thaum hmo ntuj.

Mob pob qij txha

Mob myelitis yog ib qho mob o ntawm koj cov hlab ntsha caj qaum. Qhov mob o no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab rau cov hlab ntsha caj qaum thiab cov hlab ntsha caj qaum ze ntawm koj. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev thaiv ib feem lossis tag nrho ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Thaum txhua hom hlab ntsha raug thaiv, nws hu ua transverse myelitis.

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob myelitis nyob ntawm seb qhov o nyob qhov twg thiab qhov twg ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv lub hlwb lossis cov hlab ntsha hauv lub hlwb raug cuam tshuam. Yog tias qhov o no ua rau cov hlab ntsha hauv lub hlwb siab, cov tsos mob yuav tshwm sim rau cov qhov ntawm lub cev uas txuas cov hlab ntsha ntawd rau lub hlwb. Yog tias cov hlab ntsha hauv lub hlwb raug nias, cov tsos mob yuav tshwm sim rau txhua qhov ntawm lub cev uas txuas nrog cov hlab ntsha hauv lub hlwb hauv qab qhov chaw nias.

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob myelitis yog:

• Cov leeg tsis muaj zog lossis tuag tes tuag taw: Qhov no cuam tshuam rau cov qhov ntawm lub cev hauv qab thaj chaw cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlab ntsha caj dab. Koj yuav poob kev tswj hwm ntawm koj ob txhais ceg, ua rau nws nyuaj rau taug kev lossis sawv ntsug. Yog tias myelitis tshwm sim hauv cov hlab ntsha caj dab, txawm tias cov leeg ua pa kuj yuav tuag tes tuag taw, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.
• Kev Qaug Zog: Qhov no tshwm sim thaum cov leeg nqaij poob cov teeb liab tswj hwm los ntawm lub hlwb thiab pib ua haujlwm ntawm lawv tus kheej. Tom qab ntawd cov leeg nqaij yuav tawv thiab co tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau.
• Mob:Mob pob qij txha caj qaum (myelitis) ua rau mob vim muaj kev nias rau ntawm cov hlab ntsha caj qaum. Qhov mob yuav yog los ntawm qhov o, lossis nws yuav yog los ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas raug cuam tshuam xa cov cim mob tsis raug.
• Kev Tsis Tuav Ntsws: Myelitis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov hlab ntsha uas tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj hnyuv thiab lub zais zis, ua rau tsis tuav zis lossis tsis tuav txoj hnyuv.
• Kev ua tsis taus kev sib deev: Myelitis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov hlab ntsha uas tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib deev lossis cov kabmob.

Kev cuam tshuam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb

Txawm hais tias nws yog ib qho uas pom muaj kev hloov pauv hauv lub hlwb hauv ntau yam kab mob sclerosis (MS), nws tsis tshua muaj hauv NMO. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lawv tshwm sim, txoj kev uas lub hlwb tswj qee yam ntawm lub cev cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem raug cuam tshuam. Yog tias cov kev cuam tshuam no tshwm sim hauv hypothalamus lossis brainstem, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj, txawm tias tuag taus.

Lub hlwb yog qhov qis tshaj plaws ntawm lub hlwb. Nws nyob tom qab lub taub hau, hauv qab. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev. Vim nws txuas lub hlwb rau cov hlab ntsha caj qaum, nws kuj tswj cov txheej txheem tsis siv neeg. Cov txheej txheem tsis siv neeg yog tej yam uas tshwm sim yam tsis tau peb xav txog lawv - tej yam xws li ua pa, ntshav siab, hws.

Yog tias NMO cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb, cov tsos mob xws li:

• Cov kev mob ntsws uas tsis tuaj yeem nres.
• Khaus khaus uas tsis muaj zog (pruritus).
• Xeev siab thiab ntuav tsis muaj laj thawj pom tseeb.
• Kev hnov ​​​​lus tsis zoo.
• Pom ob yam tib lub sijhawm (diplopia), tsis tswj tau qhov muag txav (nystagmus), lossis lwm yam teeb meem nrog kev tswj qhov muag.
• Mob lub ntsej muag tuag tes tuag taw.
• Kiv taub hau los yog xav tias tig ib ncig (vertigo).
• Teeb meem nrog lub cev sib npaug lossis kev sib koom tes (ataxia).
• Mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub ntsej muag (trigeminal neuralgia).

Lub hypothalamus nyob saum lub hlwb. Nws kuj tswj lub cev cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm. Yog tias nws raug cuam tshuam los ntawm NMO, lwm yam hauv lub cev kuj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, NMO tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov tsos mob ntawm narcolepsy (tsaug zog ntau dhau thaum nruab hnub).

Dab tsi ua rau muaj tus kab mob neuromyelitis optica (NMO)?

Cov kws tshaj lij tseem tsis tau piav qhia tag nrho tias NMO tshwm sim li cas thiab yog vim li cas. Cov laj thawj uas paub lossis xav tias yog:

• Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
• Lwm yam mob autoimmune lossis inflammatory.

Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob

NMO yog ib yam kab mob autoimmune. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua yuam kev tawm tsam ib feem ntawm peb lub cev. Hauv qhov no, nws tawm tsam peb cov hlab ntsha pom thiab/lossis cov hlab ntsha qaum.

Tam sim no muaj ob hom kab mob autoimmune ntawm NMO:

• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Aquaporin-4 (AQP4):`(AQP4)` yog ib qho protein uas pom nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qee cov cell hauv lub paj hlwb. Nws lub luag haujlwm yog txav dej mus rau hauv thiab tawm ntawm cov cell. `(AQP4)` cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhia yuam kev rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom tawm tsam cov protein no. Tom qab ntawd cov cell uas muaj cov protein no raug puas tsuaj. Ntau tshaj 80% ntawm cov neeg uas muaj `(NMO)` muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv `(AQP4)` no hauv lawv cov ntshav.
• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG): MOG yog ib hom protein uas pab tsim thiab tswj cov myelin sheath nyob ib puag ncig cov neurons. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv MOG qhia yuam kev rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom tawm tsam cov protein no, uas tom qab ntawd cuam tshuam cov myelin sheath nyob ib puag ncig cov neurons. Kwv yees li 6.5% ntawm cov neeg uas muaj NMO muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no hauv lawv cov ntshav.

Qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob no feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov laj thawj uas peb tsis paub. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo no yuav tshwm sim tom qab kis kab mob. Ntawm 15% thiab 35% ntawm cov neeg uas muaj NMO tau muaj kev kis kab mob ua ntej lawv muaj cov tsos mob ntawm NMO. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum tau tshawb fawb ntxiv kom paub meej qhov no.

Cov kws tshaj lij tam sim no tsis paub tias vim li cas cov neeg uas tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau `(AQP4)` lossis `(MOG)` (uas yog li ntawm 13.5% ntawm cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob) thiaj li muaj `(NMO).` Cov mob zoo li no raug cais ua `(idiopathic)`.

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, qee cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias "(MOG)" cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob "(NMO)" yog ib yam kab mob sib cais. Txawm li cas los xij, xav tau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv txog qhov no, thiab nws tseem tsis tau raug lees paub tias yog ib yam kab mob sib cais.

Lwm yam mob autoimmune lossis inflammatory

Txawm hais tias NMO tuaj yeem tshwm sim nws tus kheej, nws yuav tshwm sim ntau dua rau cov neeg uas muaj lwm yam mob autoimmune lossis mob o. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum tshawb nrhiav ntxiv kom paub seb cov mob no puas ua rau lossis pab txhawb rau NMO.

Cov xwm txheej zoo li no yog:

• Kab mob Lupus (Lupus - mob lupus erythematosus)
• Kab mob celiac
• Kab mob Sjögren
• Kab mob Sarcoidosis
• Myasthenia gravis
• Cov tsos mob ntawm Antiphospholipid

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm noob caj noob ces

Cov kws tshaj lij xav tias tej yam caj ces kuj tseem yuav ua lub luag haujlwm rau NMO. Ib qho laj thawj yog tias tus kab mob no tshwm sim ntau dua rau qee pawg neeg. Lwm qhov yog tias kwv yees li 3% ntawm cov neeg mob NMO yog neeg hauv tsev neeg ib yam. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj pov thawj tias NMO yog kab mob los ntawm noob caj ces, tej zaum yuav muaj tej yam caj ces uas ua rau NMO muaj feem ntau dua.

Tus kab mob neuromyelitis optica (NMO) puas kis tau ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau ib tus neeg?

Tam sim no, tsis muaj pov thawj tias NMOSD lossis NMO tuaj yeem kis tau ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau lwm tus.

Yuav kuaj mob neuromyelitis optica (NMO) li cas?

Qhov txawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm ntau yam kab mob sclerosis (MS) thiab NMO yog tias qee qhov kev kuaj mob tuaj yeem lees paub seb ib tus neeg puas muaj NMO. Tus kws kho mob yuav siv cov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov hauv qab no los kuaj mob NMO:

• Kev kuaj ntshav: Ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cov kws kho mob muaj los kuaj mob NMO yog kuaj koj cov ntshav seb puas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau AQP4 lossis MOG. Txawm hais tias kev kuaj ntshav tsis tuaj yeem lees paub NMO tas li (vim tias kwv yees li 13.5% ntawm cov neeg mob tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob), nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo heev rau kev kuaj mob.
• Kev Siv Duab Xam Xaj Sib Nqus (MRI): Kev siv MRI yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev kuaj mob NMO. Qhov mob no ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv koj tus txha nqaj qaum thiab lwm qhov ntawm koj lub paj hlwb uas tuaj yeem pom ntawm MRI scan. Cov no tuaj yeem paub meej tias qhov kev hloov pauv no feem ntau pom hauv MS, yog li cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem lees paub tias nws tsis yog MS.
• Kev kuaj lub cev thiab lub paj hlwb: Cov kev kuaj no nrhiav cov cim thiab cov tsos mob uas tej zaum yuav yog los ntawm NMO. Kev kuaj lub paj hlwb yog qhov tseem ceeb heev vim nws tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem nrog koj cov kev xav, kev xav, kev txav ntawm cov leeg, kev sib npaug, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub ntsej muag.
• Keeb kwm tus kheej thiab kev kho mob: Hauv qhov no, tus kws kho mob yuav nug koj cov lus nug txog koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv, cov tsos mob, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm koj tus kheej thiab keeb kwm kev kho mob.

Tej zaum yuav muaj lwm yam kev kuaj mob uas koj tus kws kho mob yuav xav tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj lwm yam mob uas koj muaj. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav qhia tau rau koj ntxiv txog cov kev kuaj mob uas nws pom zoo thiab vim li cas ho pom zoo kom ua li ntawd.

Yuav kho tus mob neuromyelitis optica (NMO) li cas? Puas muaj tshuaj kho tau?

NMO kho tsis tau tag nrho. Txawm li cas los xij, ua tsaug rau kev tshawb fawb uas tseem tab tom ua, qhov mob no tuaj yeem kho tau. Vim tias NMO yog ib yam kab mob autoimmune, muaj ob txoj kev xaiv kho mob tseem ceeb: kev kho mob sai thiab kev tswj hwm mus sij hawm ntev.

• Kev kho mob sai sai: Qhov no tsom mus rau kev kho cov teeb meem tam sim ntawd ntawm kev tawm tsam NMO, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov o. Qhov no feem ntau ua nrog corticosteroids (lossis lwm hom tshuaj uas txo qhov o raws li tus kws kho mob tau sau tseg). Kev kho mob sai sai yog qhov tseem ceeb heev vim nws txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj mus tas li los ntawm kev tawm tsam.
• Kev tswj hwm mus sij hawm ntev:NMO yog tshwm sim los ntawm koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis raug cai tawm tsam koj lub paj hlwb. Kev tswj hwm nws suav nrog kev tswj hwm lossis hloov kho koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Qhov no txo ​​​​​​nws lub peev xwm los ua puas rau koj lub paj hlwb. Qhov no tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam NMO, lossis tsawg kawg txwv qhov hnyav npaum li cas thiab lawv kav ntev npaum li cas. Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom kho qhov no rau cov neeg uas muaj thiab tsis muaj AQP4 antibodies.

Siv hom tshuaj lossis kev kho mob dab tsi?

Muaj ntau yam tshuaj thiab kev kho mob uas tuaj yeem pab kho NMO:

• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev o: Cov tshuaj no txo ​​qhov o hauv koj lub paj hlwb. Cov tshuaj feem ntau siv rau qhov no yog corticosteroid zoo li prednisone. Cov kws kho mob feem ntau pib cov tshuaj no rau hauv cov hlab ntsha (IV). Lawv raug muab thaum koj nyob hauv tsev kho mob. Tom qab koj tawm hauv tsev kho mob, koj tus kws kho mob yuav hloov koj mus rau cov tshuaj zoo sib xws uas koj noj los ntawm qhov ncauj.
• Kev pauv plasma (plasmapheresis): Yog tias cov tshuaj steroids tsis pab, koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom ua ib txoj kev kho mob hu ua plasma exchange. Qhov no suav nrog kev tshem tawm cov plasma ntawm koj cov ntshav thiab hloov nws nrog plasma los ntawm tus neeg pub dawb uas phim. Los ntawm kev tshem tawm qee qhov ntawm koj cov plasma thiab hloov nws nrog cov neeg pub dawb plasma, qee cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov cim tshuaj (uas ua kom lub zog tiv thaiv kab mob) hauv cov plasma raug tshem tawm. Qhov no txo ​​​​​​kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm koj lub cev thiab txo qhov o.
• Immunoglobulin txhaj rau hauv cov hlab ntsha (IVIG): Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev txhaj cov ntshav plasma rau hauv koj lub cev los ntawm IV. Cov ntshav plasma uas koj tau txais muaj cov immunoglobulins. Ntawd yog, cov ntshav plasma uas muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob los ntawm cov neeg pub dawb. Cov no tsis tawm tsam koj lub paj hlwb zoo li koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua.
• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob: Cov no yog cov tshuaj uas koj yuav tsum tau noj tsis tu ncua. Qee cov muab tshuaj rau hauv cov hlab ntsha (IV), uas ua nyob rau hauv chaw kho mob lossis chaw kho mob zoo sib xws. Lwm cov tuaj ua cov tshuaj, uas koj tuaj yeem noj hauv tsev. Muaj ntau tus neeg yuav tsum tau noj cov tshuaj no tau ntau xyoo, qee zaum lawv lub neej tag nrho.

Cov kev mob tshwm sim lossis teeb meem ntawm kev kho mob yog dab tsi?

Cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm kev kho mob nyob ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog cov tshuaj, qhov hnyav ntawm koj tus mob, thiab koj keeb kwm kev kho mob. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tseem ceeb: lawv txo koj lub zog tiv thaiv kab mob.

Koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv koj ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws xws li cov kab mob virus, cov kab mob bacteria, cov fungi, thiab cov kab mob parasitic. Nws kuj tseem tiv thaiv cov cell kom tsis txhob ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Yog tias koj lub cev cov cell ua haujlwm tsis zoo, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob txoj haujlwm yog cuam tshuam thiab rhuav tshem lawv (mob qog noj ntshav yog thaum cov cell ua haujlwm tsis zoo, nkaum ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab loj hlob tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau).

Txawm hais tias kev noj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam ntawm NMO, lawv kuj tuaj yeem ua rau koj lub cev tsis muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv qee yam kab mob. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem ua rau koj muaj feem yuav mob qog nqaij hlav (mob qog nqaij hlav thiab tsis mob qog nqaij hlav). Yog tias koj noj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, koj yuav tsum ua qee yam kev ceev faj kom txo koj txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob. Tej zaum koj yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis xws li COVID-19, mob khaub thuas (mob ntsws), thiab mob ntsws, uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav thiab tuag taus thaum koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog.

Kuv yuav zoo dua sai npaum li cas tom qab kho mob? Yuav siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas thiaj rov zoo los ntawm kev kho mob?

Cov sijhawm kho mob thiab rov zoo rau NMO tuaj yeem sib txawv, vim muaj ntau yam uas cuam tshuam rau qhov no. Koj tus kws kho mob yog qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txog qhov no. Nws tuaj yeem qhia koj tias lub sijhawm twg yuav zoo tshaj plaws hauv koj cheeb tsam, thiab koj tuaj yeem ua dab tsi los pab nrog cov txheej txheem.

Yog tias kuv muaj tus kab mob neuromyelitis optica (NMO) kuv yuav tsum xav li cas?

Yog koj muaj tus mob NMO, koj yuav xav tias tus mob no yuav pib yam tsis muaj kev ceeb toom ua ntej. Muaj ib txhia neeg muaj tus kab mob ua pa lossis lwm yam mob ua ntej nws pib mob, tab sis qhov ntawd tshwm sim li ib feem peb (lossis tsawg dua) ntawm cov neeg mob.

Cov kev tawm tsam NMO ua rau muaj teeb meem pom kev vim lawv cuam tshuam rau koj cov hlab ntsha qhov muag. Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau mob qhov muag thiab pom kev tsis meej. Feem ntau lawv hnyav zuj zus li ob peb hnub lossis ob peb lub lis piam thiab tom qab ntawd nce siab tshaj plaws. Yog tias cov hlab ntsha qhov muag raug puas tsuaj loj heev, cov tsos mob no tuaj yeem nyob mus ib txhis, tab sis kev kho mob tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj mus ib txhis.

NMO cuam tshuam rau sab qis ntawm koj lub hlwb - lub hlwb qia - thiab koj tus txha caj qaum. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau koj lub cev cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tsis zoo, ua rau muaj tej yam xws li xeev siab, ntuav, thiab tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov mob.

Yog tias mob myelitis hnyav zuj zus, qhov kev nyem rau ntawm cov hlab ntsha caj qaum tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov teeb liab ntawm cov hlab ntsha mus rau thaj chaw raug mob lossis txhua qhov ntawm lub cev hauv qab nws. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov leeg tsis muaj zog, tuag tes tuag taw, thiab tsis muaj kev xav hauv qab thaj chaw raug mob. Qhov no tuaj yeem loj heev yog tias cov leeg uas tswj kev ua pa raug cuam tshuam, ua rau tuag tes tuag taw lossis cov leeg tsis muaj zog. Kev kho mob thaum ntxov tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov teebmeem no kom tsis txhob mus tas li.

(NMO) yog ib yam kab mob autoimmune. Qhov no txhais tau tias nws tshwm sim thaum koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis raug tawm tsam qee qhov ntawm koj lub cev. Hauv qhov no, koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsom mus rau koj lub paj hlwb. Kev kho mob rau qhov mob no feem ntau yog kev tswj koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ntev. Hmoov tsis zoo, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau koj yooj yim rau kev kis kab mob ua ib qho kev phiv. Cov neeg noj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tsum tau ceev faj kom txo lawv txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob.

Kab mob neuromyelitis optica (NMO) kav ntev npaum li cas?

NMO ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam, txhais tau tias cov tsos mob tshwm sim sai sai. Rau cov neeg uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau AQP4 lossis MOG, NMO yog ib qho mob uas yuav tsum muaj mus ib txhis. Tam sim no, cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob no yuav tsum noj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau ntau xyoo, qee zaum rau tas lawv lub neej, kom tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam.

Muaj li ntawm 10% thiab 20% ntawm cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob NMO tsuas muaj ib zaug xwb thiab yeej tsis muaj dua li. Qhov no yuav tshwm sim ntau dua rau cov neeg uas tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau AQP4 lossis MOG. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev los paub tseeb, yog li koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom noj cov tshuaj no kom txo koj txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev muaj tus kab mob.

Yav tom ntej yuav zoo li cas rau tus kab mob neuromyelitis optica (NMO)?

Yav tas los, NMO yog ib yam kab mob uas muaj kev kwv yees tsis zoo heev. Txawm li cas los xij, ua tsaug rau kev tshawb pom txog keeb kwm ntawm tus kab mob, cov kws tshaj lij tam sim no paub tias NMO yog ib yam mob uas kho tau. Cov tshuaj uas tswj tus mob no txo ​​qhov kev rov qab los ntawm 72% thiab 88%. Tus nqi ciaj sia tsib xyoos nrog tus mob no yog ntawm 91% thiab 98%.

Cov neeg uas muaj NMO uas raug ntau zaus raug mob yuav muaj feem poob qee yam peev xwm, xws li pom kev thiab txav mus los. Kwv yees li 22% ntawm cov neeg rov zoo tag nrho los ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm NMO thiab rov qab tau tag nrho lawv cov peev xwm. Kwv yees li 7% tsis rov zoo li qub. Cov seem 71% rov zoo tsawg kawg yog ib feem, tab sis tej zaum yuav muaj cov teebmeem txuas ntxiv mus.

Kuv yuav ua li cas thiaj txo tau qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob neuromyelitis optica (NMO)? Puas tiv thaiv tau?

NMO tshwm sim tsis tau xav txog thiab rau cov laj thawj uas cov kws kho mob tseem tsis tau nkag siab tag nrho. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv nws lossis txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob nws.

Kuv yuav saib xyuas kuv tus kheej li cas?

Mob NMO yog ib yam mob uas koj tswj tau. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav qhia koj txog kev saib xyuas koj tus kheej. Qee yam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas koj ua tau yog:

• Noj koj cov tshuaj kom raug: Txawm koj tab tom rov zoo los ntawm kev tawm tsam NMO lossis tau ntev lawm tsis muaj kev tawm tsam, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum noj koj cov tshuaj raws li tau qhia. Cov tshuaj tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv lossis txo qhov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev tawm tsam tam sim no thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawm tsam yav tom ntej. Tsis txhob tsum noj cov tshuaj no yam tsis tau tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob.
• Mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob raws li cov lus qhia:Thaum koj muaj NMO, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas koj yuav tsum mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob dua. Qhov no yuav ua rau koj tus kws kho mob saib xyuas cov teeb meem ntawm tus mob. Nws yog ib qho uas yuav tsum kuaj ntshav tas li thaum koj muaj NMO. Qhov no yuav ua rau koj tus kws kho mob pom tias koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm zoo npaum li cas. Koj cov tshuaj tuaj yeem hloov pauv yog tias tsim nyog.
• Ua tib zoo saib xyuas kom noj qab haus huv: Yog tias koj noj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, lawv tuaj yeem txo koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom tawm tsam koj lub paj hlwb. Hmoov tsis zoo, lawv kuj tuaj yeem txo koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom tawm tsam cov kab mob xws li mob khaub thuas, mob ntsws, COVID-19, mob ntsws, thiab mob txeeb zis (UTIs). Ntxuav koj txhais tes ntau zaus (nrog xab npum thiab dej lossis tshuaj ntxuav tes uas muaj cawv). Nyob ntawm koj qhov kev pheej hmoo tag nrho, koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom hnav lub npog ntsej muag thaum pej xeem lossis ua lwm yam kev ceev faj.

Kuv yuav tsum hu rau kuv tus kws kho mob thaum twg?

Cov neeg uas noj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob muaj feem yuav mob ntau dua txawm tias yog cov kab mob uas feem ntau tsis loj heev los xij. Yog tias ib tug neeg uas noj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob muaj cov tsos mob no, lawv yuav tsum hu rau lawv tus kws kho mob:

• Qaug zog heev (xav tias nkees lossis qaug zog ntau dhau) lossis tsis muaj zog.
• Xeev siab thiab ntuav.
• Kev hloov pauv hnyav uas tsis tau xav txog.
• Tso zis ntau zaus dua li niaj zaus, mob nraub qaum qis, lossis mob lossis kub hnyiab thaum tso zis (cov no yog cov cim qhia txog kev kis kab mob ntawm txoj hlab zis).
• Cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob sab saud ntawm txoj hlab pa, xws li hnoos, txham, ntswg ntws, lossis mob caj pas.
• Lwm cov cim qhia txog kev kis kab mob, xws li kub taub hau, mob khaub thuas, thiab mob nqaij.

Qhov txawv ntawm neuromyelitis optica (NMO) thiab multiple sclerosis (MS) yog dab tsi?

NMO thiab multiple sclerosis (MS) yog cov mob uas muaj ntau yam zoo sib xws thiab cov tsos mob sib tshooj. Tau ntau xyoo, cov kws tshaj lij tau xav yuam kev tias NMO yog ib hom MS. Tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb tam sim no paub tias lawv yog cov mob sib cais.

Qhov txawv tseem ceeb ntawm `(NMO)` thiab `(MS)` yog tias kev kuaj hauv chaw kuaj mob tuaj yeem pab txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas ua rau `(NMO)` (txawm hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis tuaj yeem pom tas li). Cov kev kho mob rau `(NMO)` thiab `(MS)` kuj txawv, thiab qee qhov kev kho mob rau `(MS)` tuaj yeem ua rau cov tsos mob ntawm `(NMO)` hnyav zuj zus.

Hais yooj yim xwb, Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) yog ib yam kab mob uas tsis tshua muaj thiab ntev mus ntev los. Nws tshwm sim thaum koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam qee qhov ntawm koj lub paj hlwb hauv nruab nrab. Yav tas los lawv xav tias nws yog ib hom kab mob multiple sclerosis (MS) uas tsis tshua muaj, tab sis tam sim no lawv lees paub tias nws yog ib yam kab mob sib cais. Tsis zoo li MS, feem ntau cov neeg mob NMO tuaj yeem paub tseeb los ntawm kev kuaj hauv chaw kuaj mob. Qhov no tso cai rau cov kws kho mob kuaj mob thiab kho nws sai sai.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov (Cov Lus Coj Mus Tsev)

Yog li ntawd, txawm hais tias neuromyelitis optica (NMO) zoo li yog ib lo lus txaus ntshai, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias muaj kev kho mob zoo rau nws tam sim no . Tsis zoo li yav dhau los, muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv txog tus kab mob no tam sim no, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob sai li sai tau thaum koj pib muaj cov tsos mob thiab tau txais kev kuaj mob kom raug.

• Yog koj pom kev hloov pauv sai sai, tsis hnov ​​​​​​lus zoo, lossis tsis muaj zog, tsis txhob tsis quav ntsej. Mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd.
• `(NMO)` tsis yog `(MS)`. Cov kev kho mob rau ob qho no sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, kev kuaj mob kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.
• Cov kev kho mob tam sim no tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov mob NMO thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob yav tom ntej. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum noj tshuaj raws nraim li koj tus kws kho mob tau hais.
• Thaum noj cov tshuaj uas ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis ua haujlwm zoo, ua tib zoo saib xyuas koj tus kheej kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob.

Vam tias cov ntaub ntawv no yuav pab tau koj. Yog tias koj muaj lus nug ntxiv txog qhov no, tsis txhob yig nug koj tus kws kho mob lossis tus kws pab yug menyuam. Nyob kom noj qab nyob zoo!

` Neuromyelitis optica, NMO, lub paj hlwb, lub paj hlwb optic, lub hlwb qaum, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, cov tsos mob, myelin