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Koj puas muaj teeb meem txuas ntxiv rau koj ob txhais ceg/caj npab tom qab DVT? Cia peb kawm txog (Post-Thrombotic Syndrome)!

Koj puas muaj teeb meem txuas ntxiv rau koj ob txhais ceg/caj npab tom qab DVT? Cia peb kawm txog (Post-Thrombotic Syndrome)!

Yog tias koj puas tau muaj ntshav txhaws hauv cov leeg ntshav tob hauv koj ceg lossis caj npab, hu ua Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) , tej zaum koj yuav muaj qee qhov teeb meem uas nyob ntev. Nws zoo li qhov txhab uas kho tau, tab sis nws tuaj yeem tso ib qho caws pliav me me lossis qee qhov tsis xis nyob. Hnub no, peb yuav tham txog ib qho mob uas tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam mus sij hawm ntev rau qee tus neeg tom qab DVT. Qhov no yog qhov uas cov kws kho mob hu ua Post-Thrombotic Syndrome lossis Postphlebitic Syndrome .

Kab mob ntshav qab zib tom qab ntshav txhaws yog dab tsi? Hais yooj yim xwb...

Xav txog koj muaj cov hlab ntsha tob tob (DVT) hauv koj ceg lossis caj npab. Txawm tias peb kho nws zoo los xij, qee zaum cov ntshav txhaws tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlab ntsha puas tsuaj. Nws zoo li ib yam dab tsi daig hauv cov kav dej thiab yog tias koj tshem nws tawm, nws tseem ua rau cov kav dej puas tsuaj.

Qhov kev puas tsuaj no tuaj yeem ua rau cov leeg ntshav poob lawv qhov kev ywj pheej thiab cov qhov dej uas pab cov ntshav ntws tsis ua haujlwm zoo. Qhov no ua rau cov ntshav sib sau ua ke hauv cov leeg ntshav uas puas lawm es tsis rov qab mus rau lub plawv. Thaum cov ntshav sib sau ua ke li no, qhov siab hauv cov leeg ntshav nce ntxiv, ua rau muaj cov tsos mob xws li mob thiab o . Qhov no yog qhov peb hu ua kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov tsos mob (Post-Thrombotic Syndrome). Ib txhia neeg yuav muaj cov tsos mob me me xwb, tab sis lwm tus yuav hnyav heev uas lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv lawv lub neej txhua hnub.

Yog tias koj tau muaj DVT hauv ob xyoos dhau los thiab tam sim no muaj cov tsos mob no, mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd. Lawv tuaj yeem soj ntsuam koj tus mob thiab pib kho kom zoo kom koj zoo.

Tus mob no feem ntau tshwm sim li cas?

Kab mob ntshav txhaws tom qab (Post-Thrombotic Syndrome) yog ib qho mob uas feem ntau muaj rau cov neeg uas tau muaj DVT. Nws cuam tshuam rau ntawm 20 thiab 50 ntawm txhua 100 tus neeg hauv ob xyoos tom qab kuaj pom tias muaj DVT. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias nws cuam tshuam rau ntau tus neeg.

Yog koj muaj tus kab mob Post-Thrombotic Syndrome, nws nyuaj heev rau cov ntshav hauv cov hlab ntsha uas puas lawm rov qab mus rau lub plawv. Qhov kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov ntshav no yog qhov ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem.

Cov tsos mob ntawm qhov no yog dab tsi? Peb xav li cas?

Cov tsos mob ntawm Post-Thrombotic Syndrome (PTS) feem ntau cuam tshuam rau ceg lossis caj npab uas DVT tshwm sim. Tej zaum koj yuav muaj tej yam xws li:

  • Mob: Mob ceg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum taug kev lossis sawv ntsug. Qhov no qee zaum hu ua claudication .
  • Mob los yog mob ib yam li cov leeg ntshav raug dov .
  • Xav tias hnyav thiab qaug zog ntawm caj npab/ceg.
  • Khaus (Pruritus) .
  • Kev tsis muaj zog, tingling, thiab kev xav txawv txawv (Paresthesia) .

Cov tsos mob no yuav tsis hnyav rau qee tus, thiab hnyav rau lwm tus.Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau koj. Tej zaum koj yuav pom tias cov tsos mob no nce ntxiv thaum koj sawv lossis taug kev ntev, thiab txo qis thaum koj so ib pliag. Cov kev tsis xis nyob no kuj tseem yuav nce ntxiv thaum kawg ntawm hnub. Rau qee tus neeg, cov tsos mob no yuav tas li, lossis lawv yuav tuaj thiab ploj mus.

Cov tsos mob ntawm Post-Thrombotic Syndrome yog dab tsi?

Cov tsos mob yog tej yam uas peb hnov. Cov cim qhia yog tej yam uas peb pom tau. Koj tus kws kho mob kuj yuav kuaj xyuas cov cim no thiab.

  • O (Edema): o ntawm caj npab lossis ceg uas raug mob.
  • Tawv nqaij liab los yog xim tsis zoo.
  • Tawv nqaij tuab zuj zus , zoo li tawv nqaij.
  • Cov tsos ntawm cov leeg ntshav tshiab.
  • Qhov tsos ntawm cov leeg me me ntawm kab laug sab .
  • Yog tias qhov mob hnyav zuj zus, cov qhov txhab uas tsis kho (venous ulcers) yuav tshwm sim.

Vim li cas qhov no (Post-Thrombotic Syndrome) thiaj tshwm sim? Dab tsi yog qhov ua rau?

Qhov laj thawj yooj yim tshaj plaws yog kev puas tsuaj rau koj cov leeg ntshav vim yog Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) .

Cov leeg ntshav tob hauv peb ob txhais ceg thiab caj npab muaj cov qhov dej ib txoj kev uas cia cov ntshav ntws mus rau ib qho kev taw qhia xwb. Ib yam li lub qhov rooj, nws tsuas qhib tau ib qho kev taw qhia xwb. Cov qhov dej no pab cov ntshav ntws rov qab mus rau lub plawv. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov ntshav txhaws hauv cov leeg ntshav, cov ntshav txhaws tuaj yeem ua rau cov qhov dej ntawd puas tsuaj. Tom qab ntawd cov qhov dej tsis ua haujlwm zoo.

Yog li ntawd, cov ntshav ntws qeeb heev. Es tsis txhob ntws mus rau lub plawv zoo, cov ntshav sib sau ua ke hauv cov leeg ntshav. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab ntxiv rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm cov leeg ntshav, ua rau muaj cov tsos mob uas tau hais ua ntej.

Leej twg muaj feem yuav mob no tshaj?

Txhua tus neeg uas tau muaj DVT tuaj yeem muaj tus mob Post-Thrombotic Syndrome. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev pheej hmoo siab dua yog tias koj tau muaj DVT rov qab ua dua , tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau tib sab caj npab lossis ceg. Ntawd yog, yog tias koj tau muaj ntau cov ntshav txhaws hauv tib qho chaw.

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, koj qhov kev pheej hmoo yuav siab dua yog tias koj tau muaj ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm cov ntshav txhaws yav dhau los:

  • Yog tias nws tau kis mus rau ib feem loj ntawm cov leeg ntshav.
  • Cov ntshav txhaws hauv sab saud ntawm lub duav lossis lub duav (hu ua proximal DVT ) muaj kev phom sij ntau dua li cov ntshav txhaws hauv lub duav (hu ua distal DVT ). Qhov kev pheej hmoo yog siab heev yog tias cov ntshav txhaws tsim nyob rau hauv cov leeg ntshav iliac lossis cov leeg ntshav femoral .
  • Yog tias koj muaj cov ntshav txhaws hauv cov leeg ntshav loj hauv koj lub cev sab saud, xub pwg nyom, lossis hauv siab sab saud (qhov no hu ua axillo-subclavian vein thrombosis) .
  • Yog tias muaj cov ntshav txhaws (residual thrombosis) uas tsis yaj tag txawm tias tom qab kho mob lawm los xij.

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, muaj ntau yam ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntxiv:

  • Yog tias koj muaj ib qho mob uas twb muaj lawm xws li mob ntshav tsis txaus (CVI) .
  • Koj liYog tias koj lub cev hnyav (BMI) ntau dua 30 (qhov ntawd txhais tau tias rog dhau).

Cov kws kho mob kuaj mob Post-Thrombotic Syndrome li cas?

Cov kws kho mob kuaj mob no feem ntau yog los ntawm kev kuaj lub cev . Thaum lub sijhawm kuaj mob no, koj tus kws kho mob yuav:

  • Nug txog koj keeb kwm kev mob (xws li koj tau muaj DVT li cas yav dhau los, koj tau txais kev kho mob dab tsi).
  • Lawv nug txog koj cov tsos mob thiab lawv cuam tshuam li cas rau koj lub neej txhua hnub.
  • Yuav kuaj koj ob txhais ceg thiab caj npab seb puas muaj cov cim qhia tias muaj Post-Thrombotic Syndrome (xws li o thiab hloov pauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij).

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv no, tus kws kho mob yuav txiav txim siab seb koj puas muaj Post-Thrombotic Syndrome thiab, yog tias muaj, nws hnyav npaum li cas.

Lub Villalta nplai yog dab tsi?

Tej zaum koj yuav tau hnov ​​koj tus kws kho mob tham txog 'Villalta scale' . Qhov no yog ib txoj kev siv uas cov kws kho mob siv los kuaj mob no thiab ntsuas qhov hnyav ntawm nws. Nws zoo li daim ntawv teev npe nrog cov qhab nia. Nws suav nrog 5 cov tsos mob thiab 6 cov qhab nia. Tus kws kho mob muab cov qhab nia rau txhua cov tsos mob thiab cov cim qhia:

  • 0 cov ntsiab lus: Nws tsis muaj nyob.
  • Qhab Nia 1: Muaj me ntsis.
  • Qhab Nia 2: Muaj nruab nrab.
  • Qhab Nia 3: Phem heev.

Tus kws kho mob mam li muab tag nrho cov qhab nia no suav ua ke. Yog tias tag nrho cov qhab nia tsawg dua 4, koj tsis muaj mob Post-Thrombotic Syndrome. Yog tias koj muaj 5 lossis ntau dua cov qhab nia, koj muaj tus mob no.

Tus mob no raug cais ua me me, nruab nrab, lossis hnyav raws li cov qhab nia no:

  • Qhab nia 5 txog 9: Mob me me.
  • Cov Qhab Nia 10 txog 14: Mob nruab nrab.
  • Yog tias muaj cov qhov txhab, lossis cov qhab nia ntawm 15 thiab siab dua: mob hnyav heev.

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav piav qhia cov txiaj ntsig no rau koj thiab qhia koj tias lawv txhais li cas.

Puas muaj kev kuaj tshwj xeeb los kuaj mob no?

Tsis muaj kev kuaj mob tshwj xeeb los kuaj mob Post-Thrombotic Syndrome. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum, cov kws kho mob yuav hais kom ua 'Duplex ultrasound' los saib seb cov ntshav ntws li cas los ntawm cov leeg ntshav.

Cov kev kho mob rau Post-Thrombotic Syndrome yog dab tsi?

Feem ntau kev kho mob suav nrog kev kho mob nias, kev hloov pauv hauv lub neej, thiab kev tawm dag zog . Ib txhia neeg yuav xav tau kev phais lossis kev kho mob rau cov qhov txhab ntawm cov leeg ntshav. Cov kws kho mob yuav kho kev kho mob kom haum rau txhua tus neeg xav tau. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob yog kom txo koj cov tsos mob thiab txhim kho koj lub neej zoo.

Kev kho mob nias

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav sau ntawv kom muab cov thom khwm tshwj xeeb rau koj.Koj hais tau tias hnav lawv. Cov no yog cov txheej txheem siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm kev kho mob nias. Cov thom khwm no yuav tsum tau hnav tsis tu ncua (feem ntau txhua hnub). Cov thom khwm no ua rau koj cov leeg nqaij nyuj nruj thiab txhim kho kev ncig ntshav hauv cov leeg. Txawm hais tias lawv yuav hnov ​​​​​​zoo li nruj thaum hnav, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob mob.

Muaj ntau hom thom khwm sib txawv uas muab cov qib sib txawv ntawm kev nias. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav sau ntawv kom koj yuav tsum xaiv hom thom khwm uas haum rau koj.

Tej zaum yuav siv sijhawm me ntsis rau koj kom koj thiaj li tau hnav cov thom khwm no (compression stockings). Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham txog seb lawv xav li cas thiab seb koj puas hnav tau zoo. Koj tus kws kho mob kuj tseem yuav kho qhov siab ntawm qhov compression nyob ntawm seb koj xav li cas thiab seb cov thom khwm pab tau koj cov tsos mob li cas.

Lwm yam kev kho mob rau thrush suav nrog:

  • Ib lub cuab yeej pab kom cov ntshav rov qab los: Piv txwv li , Venowave® . Qhov no yog ib lub cuab yeej zoo li lub twj tso kua mis uas koj hnav ncig koj lub caj dab kom pab kom cov ntshav ntws zoo dua. Koj tuaj yeem hnav nws hauv tsev lossis thaum koj tawm mus ncig ua si.
  • Lub cuab yeej nias cua tsis tu ncua (IPC): Qhov no yog lub tes tsho cua hnav rau ntawm ceg hauv tsev kho mob.

Kev hloov pauv hauv txoj kev ua neej

Kev hloov me me ntawm koj txoj kev ua neej yuav pab tau koj kom txo tau koj cov tsos mob. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom ua tej yam xws li:

  • Khaws koj ob txhais ceg kom siab tshaj koj lub siab , txawm tias koj zaum lossis pw.
  • Tswj koj lub cev kom muaj qhov hnyav noj qab nyob zoo .
  • Siv cov tshuaj moisturizers kom tiv thaiv daim tawv nqaij kom tsis txhob qhuav los yog tawg.

Kev tawm dag zog

Kev tawm dag zog tuaj yeem pab txhim kho kev ncig ntshav thiab txo cov tsos mob. Piv txwv li, yog tias Post-Thrombotic Syndrome tau cuam tshuam rau koj ob txhais ceg, koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom tawm dag zog uas ua rau koj cov leeg nqaij ceg muaj zog.

Qhov ntawd yog vim koj cov leeg nqaij nyuj yog cov twj muaj zog uas ua haujlwm zoo li "lub plawv thib ob." Thaum koj taug kev, qhov kev sib zog ntawm koj cov leeg nqaij nyuj pab tso cov ntshav los ntawm koj ob txhais ceg thiab ko taw rov qab mus rau koj lub plawv. Yog li, thaum koj ua kom cov leeg nqaij ntawd muaj zog, koj cov leeg ntshav tau txais kev pab uas lawv xav tau los nqa cov ntshav kom raug.

Kev tawm dag zog ua rau koj lub cev muaj zog thiab ua rau koj lub plawv muaj zog. Nco ntsoov nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham ua ntej pib ua ib qho kev tawm dag zog tshiab. Nws yuav qhia koj seb kev tawm dag zog twg muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab haum rau koj cov kev xav tau.

Kev phais mob

Muaj tej lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb, cov kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom phais lossis kho mob endovenous (piv txwv li, stenting) kom cov ntshav ntws zoo dua hauv cov leeg. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav qhia rau koj seb qhov kev kho mob no puas haum rau koj.

Kev kho mob rau cov kab mob venous

Yog tias qhov mob hnyav zuj zus , cov kab mob venous tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum kho cov kab mob no kom zoo thiab ceev faj. Yog tias tsis kho, cov teeb meem loj xws li kev txiav ceg, tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo ib lossis ntau yam hauv qab no:

  • Cov tshuaj tua kab mob.
  • Cov ntaub qhwv lossis cov ntaub qhwv kom npog qhov txhab.
  • Cov ntaub qhwv los yog thom khwm.
  • Kev ntxuav qhov txhab txhua hnub.
  • Cov tshuaj pleev.
  • Cov tshuaj mob.
  • Debridement yog kev tshem tawm cov ntaub so ntswg tuag.
  • Xa mus rau cov kws tshwj xeeb kom pab tswj cov kab mob ntev xws li ntshav qab zib.

Cov tsos mob Post-Thrombotic Syndrome kav ntev npaum li cas?

Kab mob ntshav txhaws tom qab yog ib yam mob uas kav ntev . Qhov no txhais tau tias koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem pab koj tswj nws, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem kho tau . Kev kho mob tuaj yeem txo koj cov tsos mob thiab txhim kho koj lub peev xwm los ua haujlwm, sib raug zoo, thiab lom zem raws li koj xav tau.

Puas tiv thaiv tau tus mob Post-Thrombotic Syndrome?

Tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau tus kab mob Post-Thrombotic Syndrome tas li. Qhov no yog vim tias tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau tus kab mob Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). Txawm li cas los xij, koj thiab koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ua ke los txo koj qhov kev pheej hmoo:

  • Txheeb xyuas thiab txo cov yam uas ua rau muaj DVT: Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv DVT (Post-Thrombotic Syndrome) yog tiv thaiv nws kom tsis txhob loj hlob thaum xub thawj. Sim txo cov yam uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo uas koj tuaj yeem hloov pauv. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem txo koj qhov kev pheej hmoo los ntawm kev zam cov khoom haus luam yeeb, ua kom lub cev nquag, thiab tswj koj qhov hnyav kom noj qab nyob zoo. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav qhia rau koj tias cov yam uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo twg koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai thiab yuav tsim ib txoj kev npaj rau lawv li cas.
  • Kev kuaj mob thaum ntxov thiab kev kho mob DVT kom zoo: Yog tias koj muaj DVT, kev kuaj mob thaum ntxov thiab kev kho mob tuaj yeem pab txo qhov kev puas tsuaj rau koj cov leeg. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv DVTs yav tom ntej. Qhov no yog vim tias yog tias koj muaj lwm DVT, koj muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua ntawm kev mob post-thrombotic syndrome. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav txiav txim siab txoj kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws rau koj. Qhov no feem ntau suav nrog kev noj tshuaj anticoagulant rau ob peb lub hlis lossis ntev dua.

Kuv yuav saib xyuas kuv tus kheej li cas?

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav muab cov lus qhia rau koj txog kev saib xyuas koj tus kheej thaum koj nyob hauv tsev. Ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawd kom zoo, thiab nug cov lus nug yog tias muaj dab tsi tsis meej. Feem ntau koj tuaj yeem ua tej yam zoo li no:

  • Noj koj cov tshuaj raws nraim li tau qhia .
  • Thaum zaum los yog pwCia koj ob txhais ceg sawv ntsug.
  • Tsis txhob zaum ntev li ntau tau. So me ntsis kom taug kev ncig thiab ncab koj lub cev.
  • Siv cov tshuaj moisturizer kom koj daim tawv nqaij noj qab nyob zoo.

Nws tseem ceeb heev rau kev saib xyuas koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub hlwb . Kev nyob nrog Post-Thrombotic Syndrome tuaj yeem ua rau lub hlwb thiab lub siab ntxhov siab. Cov neeg uas muaj tus mob no tuaj yeem muaj kev nyuaj siab, ntxhov siab, thiab tsis ntseeg tus kheej. Lawv yuav txhawj xeeb txog kev muaj ntshav txhaws dua. Lawv kuj tseem yuav tu siab vim lawv ua tsis tau tej yam uas lawv tau ua yav dhau los vim lawv cov tsos mob.

Yog koj muaj tej kev xav no, kev nrog ib tug kws pab tswv yim lossis kws kho mob tham yuav pab tau koj heev. Lawv yuav pab tau koj daws tej kev xav no thiab nrhiav kev daws teeb meem uas ua rau koj zoo siab dua.

Kuv yuav tsum mus ntsib kuv tus kws kho mob thaum twg?

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav muab kev saib xyuas rau koj kom paub txog koj tus mob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum mus ntsib txhua lub sijhawm teem tseg no kom koj tus kws kho mob thiaj li hloov kho koj txoj kev npaj kho mob raws li qhov xav tau.

Yog koj muaj cov tsos mob tshiab lossis yog koj cov tsos mob hloov pauv , hu rau koj tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd.

Kuv yuav tsum nug kuv tus kws kho mob li cas?

Cov lus nug no yuav pab koj kawm paub ntxiv txog koj qhov kev kuaj mob:

  • Puas yog kuv muaj tus mob Post-Thrombotic Syndrome tiag? Yog tias muaj, nws loj npaum li cas?
  • Koj pom zoo kom kuv kho cov kev kho mob twg?
  • Kuv yuav tsum hloov dab tsi hauv kuv txoj kev ua neej?
  • Cov kev tawm dag zog twg haum rau kuv?
  • Kuv txoj kev xav yuav yog li cas?

Thaum koj tau txais kev kuaj mob tias muaj Post-Thrombotic Syndrome, tej zaum koj yuav muaj ntau cov lus nug thiab kev ntshai. Tab sis tsis txhob txhawj, koj tus kws kho mob nyob ntawd los teb koj cov lus nug thiab coj koj mus rau kev kho mob. Txawm hais tias tus mob no yog ib qho uas tshwm sim ntau, koj cov kev xav tau thiab kev txhawj xeeb yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Ua haujlwm nrog koj tus kws kho mob kom nrhiav tau cov peev txheej uas txhawb nqa koj lub cev thiab lub hlwb kev noj qab haus huv.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev

Kab mob ntshav txhaws tom qab (Post-Thrombotic Syndrome - PTS) yog ib yam mob uas tshwm sim tau tom qab DVT thiab ua rau mob siab heev. Tab sis nws tuaj yeem tswj tau .

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog nrhiav kev kho mob sai thiab kom raug yog tias koj muaj DVT, kom paub txog cov tsos mob tom qab, thiab nrhiav kev pab kho mob yog tias tsim nyog.

Ua raws li koj tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia, hloov pauv koj txoj kev ua neej, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv cov thom khwm nruj kom raug yuav pab tau koj kom zoo dua. Nco ntsoov tias, koj tsis yog tib tug xwb, thiab muaj cov kws kho mob uas tuaj yeem pab koj daws qhov teeb meem no.


Kab Mob Tom Qab Thrombotic, DVT, Ntshav Txhaws, Kab Mob Venous, Mob Ceg, O Ceg, Kev Raug Mob Venous

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.

Ntxiv koj cov lus

Thov xam: 6 + 1 =
Koj puas muaj teeb meem txuas ntxiv rau koj ob txhais ceg/caj npab tom qab DVT? Cia peb kawm txog (Post-Thrombotic Syndrome)!

Koj puas muaj teeb meem txuas ntxiv rau koj ob txhais ceg/caj npab tom qab DVT? Cia peb kawm txog (Post-Thrombotic Syndrome)!

Yog tias koj puas tau muaj ntshav txhaws hauv cov leeg ntshav tob hauv koj ceg lossis caj npab, hu ua Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) , tej zaum koj yuav muaj qee qhov teeb meem uas nyob ntev. Nws zoo li qhov txhab uas kho tau, tab sis nws tuaj yeem tso ib qho caws pliav me me lossis qee qhov tsis xis nyob. Hnub no, peb yuav tham txog ib qho mob uas tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam mus sij hawm ntev rau qee tus neeg tom qab DVT. Qhov no yog qhov uas cov kws kho mob hu ua Post-Thrombotic Syndrome lossis Postphlebitic Syndrome .

Kab mob ntshav qab zib tom qab ntshav txhaws yog dab tsi? Hais yooj yim xwb...

Xav txog koj muaj cov hlab ntsha tob tob (DVT) hauv koj ceg lossis caj npab. Txawm tias peb kho nws zoo los xij, qee zaum cov ntshav txhaws tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlab ntsha puas tsuaj. Nws zoo li ib yam dab tsi daig hauv cov kav dej thiab yog tias koj tshem nws tawm, nws tseem ua rau cov kav dej puas tsuaj.

Qhov kev puas tsuaj no tuaj yeem ua rau cov leeg ntshav poob lawv qhov kev ywj pheej thiab cov qhov dej uas pab cov ntshav ntws tsis ua haujlwm zoo. Qhov no ua rau cov ntshav sib sau ua ke hauv cov leeg ntshav uas puas lawm es tsis rov qab mus rau lub plawv. Thaum cov ntshav sib sau ua ke li no, qhov siab hauv cov leeg ntshav nce ntxiv, ua rau muaj cov tsos mob xws li mob thiab o . Qhov no yog qhov peb hu ua kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov tsos mob (Post-Thrombotic Syndrome). Ib txhia neeg yuav muaj cov tsos mob me me xwb, tab sis lwm tus yuav hnyav heev uas lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv lawv lub neej txhua hnub.

Yog tias koj tau muaj DVT hauv ob xyoos dhau los thiab tam sim no muaj cov tsos mob no, mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd. Lawv tuaj yeem soj ntsuam koj tus mob thiab pib kho kom zoo kom koj zoo.

Tus mob no feem ntau tshwm sim li cas?

Kab mob ntshav txhaws tom qab (Post-Thrombotic Syndrome) yog ib qho mob uas feem ntau muaj rau cov neeg uas tau muaj DVT. Nws cuam tshuam rau ntawm 20 thiab 50 ntawm txhua 100 tus neeg hauv ob xyoos tom qab kuaj pom tias muaj DVT. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias nws cuam tshuam rau ntau tus neeg.

Yog koj muaj tus kab mob Post-Thrombotic Syndrome, nws nyuaj heev rau cov ntshav hauv cov hlab ntsha uas puas lawm rov qab mus rau lub plawv. Qhov kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov ntshav no yog qhov ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem.

Cov tsos mob ntawm qhov no yog dab tsi? Peb xav li cas?

Cov tsos mob ntawm Post-Thrombotic Syndrome (PTS) feem ntau cuam tshuam rau ceg lossis caj npab uas DVT tshwm sim. Tej zaum koj yuav muaj tej yam xws li:

  • Mob: Mob ceg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum taug kev lossis sawv ntsug. Qhov no qee zaum hu ua claudication .
  • Mob los yog mob ib yam li cov leeg ntshav raug dov .
  • Xav tias hnyav thiab qaug zog ntawm caj npab/ceg.
  • Khaus (Pruritus) .
  • Kev tsis muaj zog, tingling, thiab kev xav txawv txawv (Paresthesia) .

Cov tsos mob no yuav tsis hnyav rau qee tus, thiab hnyav rau lwm tus.Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau koj. Tej zaum koj yuav pom tias cov tsos mob no nce ntxiv thaum koj sawv lossis taug kev ntev, thiab txo qis thaum koj so ib pliag. Cov kev tsis xis nyob no kuj tseem yuav nce ntxiv thaum kawg ntawm hnub. Rau qee tus neeg, cov tsos mob no yuav tas li, lossis lawv yuav tuaj thiab ploj mus.

Cov tsos mob ntawm Post-Thrombotic Syndrome yog dab tsi?

Cov tsos mob yog tej yam uas peb hnov. Cov cim qhia yog tej yam uas peb pom tau. Koj tus kws kho mob kuj yuav kuaj xyuas cov cim no thiab.

  • O (Edema): o ntawm caj npab lossis ceg uas raug mob.
  • Tawv nqaij liab los yog xim tsis zoo.
  • Tawv nqaij tuab zuj zus , zoo li tawv nqaij.
  • Cov tsos ntawm cov leeg ntshav tshiab.
  • Qhov tsos ntawm cov leeg me me ntawm kab laug sab .
  • Yog tias qhov mob hnyav zuj zus, cov qhov txhab uas tsis kho (venous ulcers) yuav tshwm sim.

Vim li cas qhov no (Post-Thrombotic Syndrome) thiaj tshwm sim? Dab tsi yog qhov ua rau?

Qhov laj thawj yooj yim tshaj plaws yog kev puas tsuaj rau koj cov leeg ntshav vim yog Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) .

Cov leeg ntshav tob hauv peb ob txhais ceg thiab caj npab muaj cov qhov dej ib txoj kev uas cia cov ntshav ntws mus rau ib qho kev taw qhia xwb. Ib yam li lub qhov rooj, nws tsuas qhib tau ib qho kev taw qhia xwb. Cov qhov dej no pab cov ntshav ntws rov qab mus rau lub plawv. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov ntshav txhaws hauv cov leeg ntshav, cov ntshav txhaws tuaj yeem ua rau cov qhov dej ntawd puas tsuaj. Tom qab ntawd cov qhov dej tsis ua haujlwm zoo.

Yog li ntawd, cov ntshav ntws qeeb heev. Es tsis txhob ntws mus rau lub plawv zoo, cov ntshav sib sau ua ke hauv cov leeg ntshav. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab ntxiv rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm cov leeg ntshav, ua rau muaj cov tsos mob uas tau hais ua ntej.

Leej twg muaj feem yuav mob no tshaj?

Txhua tus neeg uas tau muaj DVT tuaj yeem muaj tus mob Post-Thrombotic Syndrome. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev pheej hmoo siab dua yog tias koj tau muaj DVT rov qab ua dua , tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau tib sab caj npab lossis ceg. Ntawd yog, yog tias koj tau muaj ntau cov ntshav txhaws hauv tib qho chaw.

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, koj qhov kev pheej hmoo yuav siab dua yog tias koj tau muaj ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm cov ntshav txhaws yav dhau los:

  • Yog tias nws tau kis mus rau ib feem loj ntawm cov leeg ntshav.
  • Cov ntshav txhaws hauv sab saud ntawm lub duav lossis lub duav (hu ua proximal DVT ) muaj kev phom sij ntau dua li cov ntshav txhaws hauv lub duav (hu ua distal DVT ). Qhov kev pheej hmoo yog siab heev yog tias cov ntshav txhaws tsim nyob rau hauv cov leeg ntshav iliac lossis cov leeg ntshav femoral .
  • Yog tias koj muaj cov ntshav txhaws hauv cov leeg ntshav loj hauv koj lub cev sab saud, xub pwg nyom, lossis hauv siab sab saud (qhov no hu ua axillo-subclavian vein thrombosis) .
  • Yog tias muaj cov ntshav txhaws (residual thrombosis) uas tsis yaj tag txawm tias tom qab kho mob lawm los xij.

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, muaj ntau yam ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntxiv:

  • Yog tias koj muaj ib qho mob uas twb muaj lawm xws li mob ntshav tsis txaus (CVI) .
  • Koj liYog tias koj lub cev hnyav (BMI) ntau dua 30 (qhov ntawd txhais tau tias rog dhau).

Cov kws kho mob kuaj mob Post-Thrombotic Syndrome li cas?

Cov kws kho mob kuaj mob no feem ntau yog los ntawm kev kuaj lub cev . Thaum lub sijhawm kuaj mob no, koj tus kws kho mob yuav:

  • Nug txog koj keeb kwm kev mob (xws li koj tau muaj DVT li cas yav dhau los, koj tau txais kev kho mob dab tsi).
  • Lawv nug txog koj cov tsos mob thiab lawv cuam tshuam li cas rau koj lub neej txhua hnub.
  • Yuav kuaj koj ob txhais ceg thiab caj npab seb puas muaj cov cim qhia tias muaj Post-Thrombotic Syndrome (xws li o thiab hloov pauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij).

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv no, tus kws kho mob yuav txiav txim siab seb koj puas muaj Post-Thrombotic Syndrome thiab, yog tias muaj, nws hnyav npaum li cas.

Lub Villalta nplai yog dab tsi?

Tej zaum koj yuav tau hnov ​​koj tus kws kho mob tham txog 'Villalta scale' . Qhov no yog ib txoj kev siv uas cov kws kho mob siv los kuaj mob no thiab ntsuas qhov hnyav ntawm nws. Nws zoo li daim ntawv teev npe nrog cov qhab nia. Nws suav nrog 5 cov tsos mob thiab 6 cov qhab nia. Tus kws kho mob muab cov qhab nia rau txhua cov tsos mob thiab cov cim qhia:

  • 0 cov ntsiab lus: Nws tsis muaj nyob.
  • Qhab Nia 1: Muaj me ntsis.
  • Qhab Nia 2: Muaj nruab nrab.
  • Qhab Nia 3: Phem heev.

Tus kws kho mob mam li muab tag nrho cov qhab nia no suav ua ke. Yog tias tag nrho cov qhab nia tsawg dua 4, koj tsis muaj mob Post-Thrombotic Syndrome. Yog tias koj muaj 5 lossis ntau dua cov qhab nia, koj muaj tus mob no.

Tus mob no raug cais ua me me, nruab nrab, lossis hnyav raws li cov qhab nia no:

  • Qhab nia 5 txog 9: Mob me me.
  • Cov Qhab Nia 10 txog 14: Mob nruab nrab.
  • Yog tias muaj cov qhov txhab, lossis cov qhab nia ntawm 15 thiab siab dua: mob hnyav heev.

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav piav qhia cov txiaj ntsig no rau koj thiab qhia koj tias lawv txhais li cas.

Puas muaj kev kuaj tshwj xeeb los kuaj mob no?

Tsis muaj kev kuaj mob tshwj xeeb los kuaj mob Post-Thrombotic Syndrome. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum, cov kws kho mob yuav hais kom ua 'Duplex ultrasound' los saib seb cov ntshav ntws li cas los ntawm cov leeg ntshav.

Cov kev kho mob rau Post-Thrombotic Syndrome yog dab tsi?

Feem ntau kev kho mob suav nrog kev kho mob nias, kev hloov pauv hauv lub neej, thiab kev tawm dag zog . Ib txhia neeg yuav xav tau kev phais lossis kev kho mob rau cov qhov txhab ntawm cov leeg ntshav. Cov kws kho mob yuav kho kev kho mob kom haum rau txhua tus neeg xav tau. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob yog kom txo koj cov tsos mob thiab txhim kho koj lub neej zoo.

Kev kho mob nias

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav sau ntawv kom muab cov thom khwm tshwj xeeb rau koj.Koj hais tau tias hnav lawv. Cov no yog cov txheej txheem siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm kev kho mob nias. Cov thom khwm no yuav tsum tau hnav tsis tu ncua (feem ntau txhua hnub). Cov thom khwm no ua rau koj cov leeg nqaij nyuj nruj thiab txhim kho kev ncig ntshav hauv cov leeg. Txawm hais tias lawv yuav hnov ​​​​​​zoo li nruj thaum hnav, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob mob.

Muaj ntau hom thom khwm sib txawv uas muab cov qib sib txawv ntawm kev nias. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav sau ntawv kom koj yuav tsum xaiv hom thom khwm uas haum rau koj.

Tej zaum yuav siv sijhawm me ntsis rau koj kom koj thiaj li tau hnav cov thom khwm no (compression stockings). Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham txog seb lawv xav li cas thiab seb koj puas hnav tau zoo. Koj tus kws kho mob kuj tseem yuav kho qhov siab ntawm qhov compression nyob ntawm seb koj xav li cas thiab seb cov thom khwm pab tau koj cov tsos mob li cas.

Lwm yam kev kho mob rau thrush suav nrog:

  • Ib lub cuab yeej pab kom cov ntshav rov qab los: Piv txwv li , Venowave® . Qhov no yog ib lub cuab yeej zoo li lub twj tso kua mis uas koj hnav ncig koj lub caj dab kom pab kom cov ntshav ntws zoo dua. Koj tuaj yeem hnav nws hauv tsev lossis thaum koj tawm mus ncig ua si.
  • Lub cuab yeej nias cua tsis tu ncua (IPC): Qhov no yog lub tes tsho cua hnav rau ntawm ceg hauv tsev kho mob.

Kev hloov pauv hauv txoj kev ua neej

Kev hloov me me ntawm koj txoj kev ua neej yuav pab tau koj kom txo tau koj cov tsos mob. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom ua tej yam xws li:

  • Khaws koj ob txhais ceg kom siab tshaj koj lub siab , txawm tias koj zaum lossis pw.
  • Tswj koj lub cev kom muaj qhov hnyav noj qab nyob zoo .
  • Siv cov tshuaj moisturizers kom tiv thaiv daim tawv nqaij kom tsis txhob qhuav los yog tawg.

Kev tawm dag zog

Kev tawm dag zog tuaj yeem pab txhim kho kev ncig ntshav thiab txo cov tsos mob. Piv txwv li, yog tias Post-Thrombotic Syndrome tau cuam tshuam rau koj ob txhais ceg, koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom tawm dag zog uas ua rau koj cov leeg nqaij ceg muaj zog.

Qhov ntawd yog vim koj cov leeg nqaij nyuj yog cov twj muaj zog uas ua haujlwm zoo li "lub plawv thib ob." Thaum koj taug kev, qhov kev sib zog ntawm koj cov leeg nqaij nyuj pab tso cov ntshav los ntawm koj ob txhais ceg thiab ko taw rov qab mus rau koj lub plawv. Yog li, thaum koj ua kom cov leeg nqaij ntawd muaj zog, koj cov leeg ntshav tau txais kev pab uas lawv xav tau los nqa cov ntshav kom raug.

Kev tawm dag zog ua rau koj lub cev muaj zog thiab ua rau koj lub plawv muaj zog. Nco ntsoov nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham ua ntej pib ua ib qho kev tawm dag zog tshiab. Nws yuav qhia koj seb kev tawm dag zog twg muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab haum rau koj cov kev xav tau.

Kev phais mob

Muaj tej lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb, cov kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom phais lossis kho mob endovenous (piv txwv li, stenting) kom cov ntshav ntws zoo dua hauv cov leeg. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav qhia rau koj seb qhov kev kho mob no puas haum rau koj.

Kev kho mob rau cov kab mob venous

Yog tias qhov mob hnyav zuj zus , cov kab mob venous tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum kho cov kab mob no kom zoo thiab ceev faj. Yog tias tsis kho, cov teeb meem loj xws li kev txiav ceg, tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo ib lossis ntau yam hauv qab no:

  • Cov tshuaj tua kab mob.
  • Cov ntaub qhwv lossis cov ntaub qhwv kom npog qhov txhab.
  • Cov ntaub qhwv los yog thom khwm.
  • Kev ntxuav qhov txhab txhua hnub.
  • Cov tshuaj pleev.
  • Cov tshuaj mob.
  • Debridement yog kev tshem tawm cov ntaub so ntswg tuag.
  • Xa mus rau cov kws tshwj xeeb kom pab tswj cov kab mob ntev xws li ntshav qab zib.

Cov tsos mob Post-Thrombotic Syndrome kav ntev npaum li cas?

Kab mob ntshav txhaws tom qab yog ib yam mob uas kav ntev . Qhov no txhais tau tias koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem pab koj tswj nws, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem kho tau . Kev kho mob tuaj yeem txo koj cov tsos mob thiab txhim kho koj lub peev xwm los ua haujlwm, sib raug zoo, thiab lom zem raws li koj xav tau.

Puas tiv thaiv tau tus mob Post-Thrombotic Syndrome?

Tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau tus kab mob Post-Thrombotic Syndrome tas li. Qhov no yog vim tias tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau tus kab mob Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). Txawm li cas los xij, koj thiab koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ua ke los txo koj qhov kev pheej hmoo:

  • Txheeb xyuas thiab txo cov yam uas ua rau muaj DVT: Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv DVT (Post-Thrombotic Syndrome) yog tiv thaiv nws kom tsis txhob loj hlob thaum xub thawj. Sim txo cov yam uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo uas koj tuaj yeem hloov pauv. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem txo koj qhov kev pheej hmoo los ntawm kev zam cov khoom haus luam yeeb, ua kom lub cev nquag, thiab tswj koj qhov hnyav kom noj qab nyob zoo. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav qhia rau koj tias cov yam uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo twg koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai thiab yuav tsim ib txoj kev npaj rau lawv li cas.
  • Kev kuaj mob thaum ntxov thiab kev kho mob DVT kom zoo: Yog tias koj muaj DVT, kev kuaj mob thaum ntxov thiab kev kho mob tuaj yeem pab txo qhov kev puas tsuaj rau koj cov leeg. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv DVTs yav tom ntej. Qhov no yog vim tias yog tias koj muaj lwm DVT, koj muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua ntawm kev mob post-thrombotic syndrome. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav txiav txim siab txoj kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws rau koj. Qhov no feem ntau suav nrog kev noj tshuaj anticoagulant rau ob peb lub hlis lossis ntev dua.

Kuv yuav saib xyuas kuv tus kheej li cas?

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav muab cov lus qhia rau koj txog kev saib xyuas koj tus kheej thaum koj nyob hauv tsev. Ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawd kom zoo, thiab nug cov lus nug yog tias muaj dab tsi tsis meej. Feem ntau koj tuaj yeem ua tej yam zoo li no:

  • Noj koj cov tshuaj raws nraim li tau qhia .
  • Thaum zaum los yog pwCia koj ob txhais ceg sawv ntsug.
  • Tsis txhob zaum ntev li ntau tau. So me ntsis kom taug kev ncig thiab ncab koj lub cev.
  • Siv cov tshuaj moisturizer kom koj daim tawv nqaij noj qab nyob zoo.

Nws tseem ceeb heev rau kev saib xyuas koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub hlwb . Kev nyob nrog Post-Thrombotic Syndrome tuaj yeem ua rau lub hlwb thiab lub siab ntxhov siab. Cov neeg uas muaj tus mob no tuaj yeem muaj kev nyuaj siab, ntxhov siab, thiab tsis ntseeg tus kheej. Lawv yuav txhawj xeeb txog kev muaj ntshav txhaws dua. Lawv kuj tseem yuav tu siab vim lawv ua tsis tau tej yam uas lawv tau ua yav dhau los vim lawv cov tsos mob.

Yog koj muaj tej kev xav no, kev nrog ib tug kws pab tswv yim lossis kws kho mob tham yuav pab tau koj heev. Lawv yuav pab tau koj daws tej kev xav no thiab nrhiav kev daws teeb meem uas ua rau koj zoo siab dua.

Kuv yuav tsum mus ntsib kuv tus kws kho mob thaum twg?

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav muab kev saib xyuas rau koj kom paub txog koj tus mob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum mus ntsib txhua lub sijhawm teem tseg no kom koj tus kws kho mob thiaj li hloov kho koj txoj kev npaj kho mob raws li qhov xav tau.

Yog koj muaj cov tsos mob tshiab lossis yog koj cov tsos mob hloov pauv , hu rau koj tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd.

Kuv yuav tsum nug kuv tus kws kho mob li cas?

Cov lus nug no yuav pab koj kawm paub ntxiv txog koj qhov kev kuaj mob:

  • Puas yog kuv muaj tus mob Post-Thrombotic Syndrome tiag? Yog tias muaj, nws loj npaum li cas?
  • Koj pom zoo kom kuv kho cov kev kho mob twg?
  • Kuv yuav tsum hloov dab tsi hauv kuv txoj kev ua neej?
  • Cov kev tawm dag zog twg haum rau kuv?
  • Kuv txoj kev xav yuav yog li cas?

Thaum koj tau txais kev kuaj mob tias muaj Post-Thrombotic Syndrome, tej zaum koj yuav muaj ntau cov lus nug thiab kev ntshai. Tab sis tsis txhob txhawj, koj tus kws kho mob nyob ntawd los teb koj cov lus nug thiab coj koj mus rau kev kho mob. Txawm hais tias tus mob no yog ib qho uas tshwm sim ntau, koj cov kev xav tau thiab kev txhawj xeeb yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Ua haujlwm nrog koj tus kws kho mob kom nrhiav tau cov peev txheej uas txhawb nqa koj lub cev thiab lub hlwb kev noj qab haus huv.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev

Kab mob ntshav txhaws tom qab (Post-Thrombotic Syndrome - PTS) yog ib yam mob uas tshwm sim tau tom qab DVT thiab ua rau mob siab heev. Tab sis nws tuaj yeem tswj tau .

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog nrhiav kev kho mob sai thiab kom raug yog tias koj muaj DVT, kom paub txog cov tsos mob tom qab, thiab nrhiav kev pab kho mob yog tias tsim nyog.

Ua raws li koj tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia, hloov pauv koj txoj kev ua neej, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv cov thom khwm nruj kom raug yuav pab tau koj kom zoo dua. Nco ntsoov tias, koj tsis yog tib tug xwb, thiab muaj cov kws kho mob uas tuaj yeem pab koj daws qhov teeb meem no.


Kab Mob Tom Qab Thrombotic, DVT, Ntshav Txhaws, Kab Mob Venous, Mob Ceg, O Ceg, Kev Raug Mob Venous

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.

Ntxiv koj cov lus

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