Koj puas paub txog tej yam no txog cov qaub ncaug? Cia peb tham!

Koj puas tau xav txog cov qaub ncaug hauv koj lub qhov ncauj? Tej zaum tsis yog, puas yog? Tab sis koj puas paub, cov qaub ncaug no yog cov kua dej zoo kawg uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv peb lub cev. Thaum peb tham, thaum peb noj mov, thaum peb txaus siab, txhua yam no yog qhov tsis sib cais ntawm qhov hu ua qaub ncaug. Yog li, hnub no peb yuav tham txog cov qaub ncaug no, uas yog '(Qab Zib)', kom ntxaws me ntsis.

Cov qaub ncaug yog dab tsi? Hais yooj yim xwb...

Cov qaub ncaug yog cov kua dej uas cov qog qaub ncaug (tseem hu ua cov qog qaub ncaug) tso tawm hauv koj lub qhov ncauj. Peb feem ntau hu nws ua "qaub ncaug" lossis "chalk." Txawm hais tias nws feem ntau yog dej, nws kuj muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb rau peb lub cev, xws li cov protein thiab cov enzymes.

Cov kws kho mob qee zaum kuaj koj cov qaub ncaug kom paub txog koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Piv txwv li, lawv tuaj yeem kuaj koj cov cortisol, seb koj puas tau siv qee yam tshuaj (hauv kev kuaj tshuaj), thiab seb koj puas muaj cov kab mob xws li HIV lossis lwm yam kab mob. Qhov ntawd puas zoo kawg nkaus?

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov qaub ncaug rau peb lub cev yog dab tsi?

Cov qaub ncaug tsis yog tsuas yog ib yam kua xwb. Nws pab tau ntau yam tsis yog rau peb txoj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm qhov ncauj xwb, tab sis kuj pab tau peb txoj kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho. Mus saib cov txiaj ntsig no.

Pab kom lub qhov ncauj thiab caj pas noo thiab xis nyob

Cov qaub ncaug pab ua kom cov ntaub so ntswg (mucosae) hauv koj lub qhov ncauj noo thiab tsis lo ua ke. Nws kuj tsim ib txheej tiv thaiv hauv koj lub qhov ncauj, tiv thaiv nws ntawm cov tshuaj lom xws li cov kab mob , cov tshuaj lom, thiab kev raug mob.

Ua rau kev noj mov thiab nqos yooj yim dua

Xav txog seb nws yuav nyuaj npaum li cas rau nqos cov khoom noj uas koj noj yog tias nws qhuav. Cov qaub ncaug ua rau cov khoom noj ntub, ua rau nws ua ib lub pob me me (bolus)), thiab ua rau nws yooj yim dua los ntawm caj pas, uas yog, raws txoj hlab pas (esophagus) thiab mus rau hauv plab (plab). Yog tsis muaj cov qaub ncaug, kev nqos khoom noj yuav yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj heev.

Cov txheej txheem zom zaub mov pib.

Koj puas paub tias kev zom zaub mov pib hauv qhov ncauj? Muaj ib qho enzyme tshwj xeeb hu ua amylase hauv cov qaub ncaug. Qhov no yog qhov pib zom cov khoom noj uas muaj hmoov txhuv nplej siab (piv txwv li mov, mov ci) uas peb noj. Qhov no pab lub plab.

Tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob

Cov qaub ncaug muaj lwm yam enzyme tseem ceeb hu ua lysozyme . Qhov no rhuav tshem ntau hom kab mob thiab tiv thaiv kev kis tus kab mob tsis xav tau hauv lub qhov ncauj. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws ua haujlwm ua tus tiv thaiv ntuj rau peb lub qhov ncauj.

Tiv thaiv cov hniav

Cov qaub ncaug kuj ua haujlwm zoo rau peb cov hniav.Cov tshuaj no tiv thaiv kev poob calcium ntawm cov hniav ('(demineralization)'). Cov qaub ncaug kuj pab ntxuav cov khoom noj uas tshuav tom qab noj mov. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qaub ncaug pab txo qhov kev puas tsuaj rau cov hniav los ntawm cov khoom noj uas peb noj. Tag nrho cov no txo ​​qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab noj hniav ('(cavities)') thiab kab mob ntawm cov pos hniav ('(gum disease)').

Ua kom lub pH ntawm lub qhov ncauj sib npaug

Cov qaub ncaug pab tswj cov pH (kev ntsuas ntawm acidity / alkalinity) hauv peb lub qhov ncauj ntawm 6.0 thiab 7.5. Thaum peb noj ntau hom zaub mov sib txawv, cov nqi pH ntawm cov zaub mov ntawd sib txawv. Cov qaub ncaug pab coj cov pH ntawm lub qhov ncauj rov qab mus rau qib raug tom qab cov zaub mov raug nqos.

Pab kho cov qhov ncauj mob

Yog tias koj raug txiav rau sab hauv ntawm koj lub puab tsaig lossis qhov txhab me me hauv koj lub qhov ncauj, cov qaub ncaug tuaj yeem pab nws kho sai dua. Qhov no yog vim qee cov protein thiab cov yam ntxwv loj hlob hauv cov qaub ncaug pab rov tsim cov nqaij thiab ua kom cov qhov txhab kho sai dua.

Pab kom saj tau zaub mov

Yuav kom cov khoom noj qhuav saj zoo, lawv yuav tsum ntub. Tsuas yog thaum ntawd peb cov qhov saj ntawm peb tus nplaig thiaj li paub saj. Cov dej noo no yog muab los ntawm cov qaub ncaug.

Puas yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias cov qaub ncaug ua tau dab tsi rau peb lub cev? Tej zaum nws zoo li yog ib yam me me xwb, tab sis saib seb nws ua tau ntau npaum li cas!

Cov qaub ncaug no ua li cas thiab nws los qhov twg los?

Cov qaub ncaug yog tsim tawm, raws li peb tau hais ua ntej, los ntawm cov qog qaub ncaug hauv koj lub qhov ncauj. Cov qog no tsim cov qaub ncaug thiab tso nws mus rau hauv koj lub qhov ncauj los ntawm cov kav dej me me.

Peb muaj peb khub ntawm cov qog salivary loj:

• Cov qog Parotid: Cov no nyob rau ntawm koj lub pob ntseg, ze ntawm koj sab plhu. Cov no yog cov qog salivary loj tshaj plaws. Cov qaub ncaug los ntawm cov qog no ntws mus rau hauv koj lub qhov ncauj ze ntawm koj cov hniav molars sab saud.
• Cov qog hauv qab koj lub puab tsaig: Cov no nyob hauv koj lub puab tsaig qis. Cov qaub ncaug los ntawm cov qog no ntws mus rau hauv koj lub qhov ncauj hauv qab koj tus nplaig.
• Cov qog hauv qab koj tus nplaig: Cov no nyob hauv qab koj tus nplaig, hauv qab koj lub qhov ncauj. Cov qaub ncaug los ntawm cov qog no ntws mus rau hauv koj lub qhov ncauj hauv qab koj tus nplaig.

Peb lub qog loj no tsim 90% ntawm peb cov qaub ncaug tag nrho. 10% seem yog los ntawm ntau pua lub qog qaub ncaug me me hauv qhov ncauj. Qhov nruab nrab, ib tus neeg laus tsim tau ntawm 0.5 thiab 1.5 liv ntawm cov qaub ncaug (uas yog ntawm 2 thiab 6 khob) ib hnub.

Yuav tswj cov qaub ncaug li cas?

Kev tsim cov qaub ncaug feem ntau yog tswj hwm los ntawm peb lub Autonomic Nervous System (ANS).Qhov no yog lub cev uas tswj cov haujlwm uas peb lub cev tsis xav ua (xws li kev ua pa thiab lub plawv dhia) uas peb tsis xav txog. Lub cev no ua haujlwm thaum peb tsaug zog thiab thaum peb tsim.

Ob feem ntawm lub paj hlwb autonomic cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov qaub ncaug:

• Lub paj hlwb Sympathetic: Lub cev no ua haujlwm thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum peb ntxhov siab lossis ntshai. Peb hu nws ua "kev tawm tsam lossis khiav". Thaum lub cev no raug txhawb nqa, nws tsim cov qaub ncaug tuab thiab nplaum. Koj puas nco qab thaum koj xav tias koj lub qhov ncauj qhuav thaum koj ntshai lossis ntxhov siab? Qhov no yog vim li cas.
• Lub paj hlwb Parasympathetic: Qhov no ua qhov txawv ntawm lub cev yav dhau los. Nws yog lub luag haujlwm rau lub cev cov txheej txheem "so-thiab-zom". Thaum lub cev no raug txhawb nqa, nws tsim cov dej ntau dua, cov qaub ncaug dej. Hom qaub ncaug no yog qhov ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau kev noj thiab nqos zaub mov.

Feem ntau, kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub paj hlwb parasympathetic muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj tshaj plaws thiab ntev tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov qaub ncaug.

Puas muaj lwm yam uas cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov qaub ncaug?

Yog lawm, qee yam khoom noj thiab zaub mov txhua hnub kuj cuam tshuam rau qhov ntau ntawm cov qaub ncaug uas tsim tawm.

• Thaum koj noj cov khoom noj qaub , koj cov qog qaub ncaug yuav tsim cov qaub ncaug ntau dua. Qhov no yog vim tias cov khoom noj qaub ncaug muaj cov kua qaub ntau dua. Yog li, cov qaub ncaug ntxiv yuav ua rau cov kua qaub yaj, txo qhov kev puas tsuaj uas nws tuaj yeem ua rau koj cov hniav thiab lub cev zom zaub mov.
• Thaum koj xav txog zaub mov, tshwj xeeb yog koj cov zaub mov nyiam, koj lub qhov ncauj pib qaub ncaug, puas yog? Qhov ntawd kuj muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov no.
• Cov qog qaub ncaug ua haujlwm tshaj plaws thaum nruab hnub. Thaum hmo ntuj, kev qaub ncaug txo qis heev. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias qhov no yog ib qho txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog peb lub cev lub sijhawm ua haujlwm txhua hnub ('(circadian rhythm)').

Cov qaub ncaug muaj dab tsi?

Cov qaub ncaug yog 99% dej, nrog rau 1% seem yog cov protein, electrolytes , thiab lwm yam tshuaj.

Cov kws tshawb nrhiav tau txheeb xyuas ntau dua 1,000 hom protein hauv cov qaub ncaug. Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog li ntawm 10% ntawm lawv muaj nyob rau hauv feem ntau. Cov protein no yog cov molecule loj, nyuaj uas ua ntau yam haujlwm hauv cov cell. Nov yog qee hom protein tseem ceeb uas pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov qaub ncaug:

• Amylase: Qhov no yog cov enzyme uas peb tau tham txog ua ntej uas pab zom cov carbohydrates. Nws feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm lub txiav thiab cov qog salivary.
• Cov peptides nplua nuj Proline (PRPs): Cov no yog cov protein loj hauv cov qaub ncaug uas tsim los ntawm cov qog parotid thiab submandibular. Lawv ua txog li 70% ntawm tag nrho cov protein hauv cov qaub ncaug. Piv txwv li, cov PRPs uas muaj kua qaub tsim ib daim zaj duab xis tiv thaiv (pellicle) rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hniav.
• Cov peptides tiv thaiv tus tswv tsev: Cov no yog ib feem ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv tseem ceeb rau kev tawm tsam kev kis kab mob thiab kev o.
• Mucins: Cov protein loj no ua rau tej yam hauv qhov ncauj, xws li tus nplaig thiab cov pos hniav, nplua (ua kom roj nplua nyeem). Lawv ua haujlwm ua ib daim thaiv lub cev los tiv thaiv cov kab mob phem, cov pwm, thiab cov kab mob.
• Secretory IgA: Qhov no yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws khi thiab tswj cov kab mob phem (pathogens) thiab cov kab mob tsis muaj teeb meem (commensal microbes) hauv qhov ncauj. Nws yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Ntxiv rau qhov no, cov qaub ncaug kuj muaj lwm cov khoom xyaw organic:

• Glucose (qab zib)
• Urea (ib qho pov tseg)
• Cortisol (lub "hormone kev ntxhov siab")
• Cov tshuaj hormones poj niam txiv neej (piv txwv li estrogen, testosterone)
• Cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb rau koj hom ntshav.

Cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv uas feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov qaub ncaug yog dab tsi?

Qee yam mob thiab kev kho mob (piv txwv li, qee yam tshuaj, kev kho mob hluav taws xob) tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov ntau thiab zoo ntawm koj cov qaub ncaug.

Ob qho teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm cov qaub ncaug yog hyposalivation thiab hypersalivation. Ntawm cov no, hyposalivation yog qhov feem ntau. Ob qho mob no tuaj yeem yog ib ntus lossis mob ntev.

Txo cov qaub ncaug (hyposalivation)

Qhov no txhais tau tias koj cov qog qaub ncaug tsis tsim cov qaub ncaug txaus. Qhov no kuj hu ua xerostomia , uas txhais tau tias qhov ncauj qhuav .

Yuav ua li cas thaum cov qaub ncaug txo qis?

Thaum cov qaub ncaug tsim tsawg zuj zus, ntau yam teeb meem tuaj yeem tshwm sim:

• Ua pa phem (halitosis)
• Qhov ncauj thiab caj pas tsis xis nyob
• Teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv ntawm qhov ncauj: cov qhov, cov hniav lwj, lwm yam kab mob hauv qhov ncauj
• Kev tsis xis nyob rau cov neeg uas hnav cov hniav cuav
• Nyuaj hais lus thiab nqos

Dab tsi yog cov ua rau cov qaub ncaug tsawg dua?

Kev qhuav dej yog ib qho ua rau muaj teeb meem loj. Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd,

• Qee yam mob autoimmune: Piv txwv li, Sjögren's syndrome, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis.
• Cov kab mob sib kis: '(HIV)', 'kab mob siab C' (kab mob siab C)'.
• Mob ntshav qab zib mellitus: Qhov no ua rau cov ntshav qab zib nce ntxiv, ua rau lub cev qhuav dej.
• Kab mob Alzheimer.
• Ntshav siab (ntshav siab).

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, qhov ncauj qhuav tuaj yeem yog ib qho kev phiv los ntawm ntau tshaj 500 hom tshuaj . Qee cov tshuaj uas feem ntau ua rau qhov ncauj qhuav suav nrog:

• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab thiab cov tshuaj antidepressants.
• Anticholinergics: Cov no yog muab rau ntau yam mob, suav nrog kev tso zis tsis tu ncua, zais zis ntau dhau, thiab COPD.
• Cov tshuaj antihistamines, decongestants, thiab qee cov tshuaj tua kab mob.
• Qee cov tshuaj kho mob ntshav siab, xws li beta-blockers.
• Cov tshuaj chemotherapy rau mob qog noj ntshav.
• Cov tshuaj kho mob rau tus kab mob Parkinson.

Kev kho mob hluav taws xob rau mob qog noj ntshav taub hau thiab caj dab kuj yog ib qho ua rau cov qaub ncaug tsawg dua.

Nce salivation (hypersalivation)

Qhov no kuj hu ua sialorrhea . Qhov no yog thaum cov qog qaub ncaug tsim cov qaub ncaug ntau dhau. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau ntuav. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ntuav ntau dhau tsis yog tib qho ua rau ntuav. Qhov no kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog tias qee cov leeg nqaij hauv qhov ncauj lossis caj pas tsis muaj zog. Qhov no kuj yog qhov laj thawj uas ua rau cov menyuam mos ntuav.

Yuav ua li cas thaum muaj qaub ncaug ntau dhau?

Yog tias qhov ncauj qaub ncaug hnyav lossis ntev dhau, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij hu ua angular cheilitis, uas ua rau mob thiab tawg ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Hauv qee kis hnyav, cov qaub ncaug ntau dhau tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv txoj hlab pa (aspiration), ua rau tuag tes tuag taw lossis mob ntsws los ntawm kev nqus pa .

Dab tsi yog cov ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov qaub ncaug?

Qee cov tshuaj, tshwj xeeb yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev puas siab puas ntsws, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntws qaub ncaug ntau dhau ua qhov tshwm sim sab nraud. Ib qho piv txwv yog cov tshuaj Clozapine.

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, cov mob no kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov qaub ncaug:

• Cov qhov ncauj tsis kho: Cov qhov ncauj tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob loj hlob hauv qhov ncauj, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov qog qaub ncaug tsim cov qaub ncaug ntau dua los sim ntxuav qhov ncauj.
• Kab mob gastroesophageal reflux (GERD): Qhov no yog thaum cov kua qaub ncaug hauv plab rov qab mus rau hauv txoj hlab pas. Cov qog qaub ncaug ces tsim ntau cov qaub ncaug los tiv thaiv cov kua qaub ncaug kom tsis txhob rov qab mus rau hauv qhov ncauj.
• Xeev siab: Thaum koj xav ntuav, koj cov qog qaub ncaug yuav tsim ntau cov qaub ncaug kom tiv thaiv cov kua qaub hauv plab uas los nrog cov ntuav kom tsis txhob ua rau sab hauv koj lub qhov ncauj puas.
• Cev Xeeb Tub: Thaum cev xeeb tub, tej zaum yuav muaj cov qaub ncaug ntau ntxiv ib ntus. Cov qog qaub ncaug yuav raug txhawb ntau dua thaum lub sijhawm no. Tsis tas li ntawd, xeev siab thaum cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem ua rau cov qaub ncaug ntau ntxiv.

Thaum twg koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob yog tias muaj teeb meem qaub ncaug?

Yog tias koj lub qhov ncauj qhuav los yog qaub ncaug ntau dhau, thiab nws tseem nyob, nco ntsoov mus ntsib kws kho mob. Nws tuaj yeem kuaj koj, ua qhov kev kuaj ntxiv yog tias tsim nyog, thiab txiav txim siab qhov ua rau muaj qhov teeb meem. Tom qab ntawd lawv tuaj yeem pom zoo kom kho koj kom zoo.

Vim li cas kuv cov qaub ncaug thiaj li tuab?

Cov qaub ncaug yuav tuab thiab nplaum, feem ntau yog thaum nws cov dej tsawg zuj zus. Qee zaum, qhov kev xav "tuab" thiab "nplaum" no kuj tseem tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​​​thaum cov qaub ncaug sib xyaw nrog cov hnoos qeev.

Muaj ntau yam ua rau qhov no. Tej yam xws li lub cev qhuav dej, haus luam yeeb, thiab ua xua mus ntev. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum ua kom txo qhov tuab ntawm koj cov qaub ncaug yog haus dej ntau. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj muaj cov qaub ncaug tuab tas li, nws yog ib lub tswv yim zoo los tham nrog kws kho mob. Tej zaum yuav muaj lwm yam ua rau.

Thaum kawg, tej yam uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov

Cov qaub ncaug yog ib yam dab tsi uas peb feem ntau tsis xav txog ntau, tsuas yog tias peb muaj ntau dhau lossis tsawg dhau ntawm nws. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho kua dej uas tseem ceeb heev rau peb txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Yog tias koj muaj kev txhawj xeeb lossis lus nug txog koj cov qaub ncaug lossis kev noj qab haus huv ntawm qhov ncauj, tsis txhob txaj muag lossis ntshai tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob. Nws tuaj yeem pab koj.

Lub qhov ncauj noj qab nyob zoo yog qhov pib zoo rau lub cev noj qab nyob zoo! Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob hnov ​​qab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qaub ncaug.

Cov qaub ncaug, cov qog qaub ncaug, kev noj qab haus huv ntawm qhov ncauj, qhov ncauj qhuav, cov qaub ncaug ntau ntxiv, kev zom zaub mov