Koj tus me nyuam puas muaj plaub qhov teeb meem plawv nyuaj no? (Tetralogy of Fallot) - Cia peb tham txog qhov no!

Tetralogy of Fallot, lossis luv luv ToF, yog ib qho mob uas muaj plaub qhov tsis zoo tshwm sim ua ke hauv koj tus menyuam lub plawv thaum yug los. Cov teeb meem no ua rau nws nyuaj rau tus menyuam lub plawv los tso cov ntshav oxygen txaus mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev. Koj paub tias oxygen tseem ceeb npaum li cas rau txhua yam hauv peb lub cev kom ua haujlwm tau zoo. Nws yog ib qho ib txwm yuav ntshai thaum koj hnov ​​​​txog qhov mob no, tab sis cia peb tham txog nws kom meej kom koj nkag siab zoo dua.

Vim li cas zaj dab neeg "(Tetralogy of Fallot)" no thiaj tshwj xeeb ua luaj? Muaj dab tsi tshwm sim hauv lub siab?

Hais yooj yim xwb, hauv lub plawv noj qab nyob zoo, cov ntshav mus rau hauv ib txoj kev. Uas yog, cov ntshav uas tsis muaj pa oxygen mus rau lub ntsws, khaws cov pa oxygen, thiab tom qab ntawd rov qab mus rau lub plawv kom faib thoob plaws lub cev. Tab sis vim yog plaub qhov teeb meem ntawm lub plawv ntawm tus menyuam mos uas muaj "Tetralogy of Fallot", qee cov ntshav uas tsis muaj pa oxygen mus ncaj qha rau lub cev es tsis mus rau lub ntsws. Qhov no yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb.

Tam sim no cia peb saib seb plaub yam teeb meem plawv no yog dab tsi:

1. Qhov Tsis Zoo ntawm Lub Plawv Sab Hauv (VSD) : Xav txog tias koj lub plawv muaj ob lub chav loj, ib lub nyob rau sab xis thiab ib lub nyob rau sab laug. Thaum muaj VSD tshwm sim hauv phab ntsa ntawm ob lub, cov ntshav uas tsis muaj pa oxygen (ntshav xiav) hauv lub plawv sab xis sib xyaw nrog cov ntshav uas muaj pa oxygen (ntshav liab) hauv lub plawv sab laug. Qhov no tsis zoo, vim tias lub cev xav tau cov ntshav huv thiab muaj pa oxygen.

2. Kab Mob Plawv Ntsws : Cov hlab ntsha tseem ceeb uas nqa cov ntshav tsis muaj oxygen los ntawm lub plawv sab xis mus rau lub ntsws (cov hlab ntsha hauv lub ntsws) thiab nws lub valve (lub valve) nqaim. Nws zoo li cov yeeb nkab dej raug txhaws. Qhov no txo ​​cov ntshav uas mus rau lub ntsws nrog txhua lub plawv dhia. Qhov no txwv cov pa oxygen uas tuaj yeem ntxiv rau hauv cov ntshav.

3. Cov hlab ntsha tseem ceeb uas nqa cov ntshav mus rau lub cev nyob rau qhov chaw tsis yog ('Overriding Aorta') : Lub '(Aorta)' yog cov hlab ntsha loj tshaj plaws uas nqa cov ntshav uas muaj oxygen thoob plaws peb lub cev. Feem ntau, qhov no txuas nrog lub plawv sab laug qis. Tab sis nrog '(VSD)', '(Aorta)' no nyob saum ob lub chambers, qhib rau ob lub. Vim li no, cov ntshav uas tsis muaj oxygen thiab cov ntshav uas muaj oxygen pib ntws los ntawm '(Aorta)' no mus rau lub cev. Yog hais meej meej, qee cov ntshav uas yuav tsum mus rau lub ntsws kom tau oxygen mus ncaj qha rau lub cev.

4. Phab ntsa sab xis ntawm lub plawv sab qis loj hlob tuaj ('Ventricular Hypertrophy') : Vim yog txhua yam teeb meem uas tau hais los saum toj no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov nqaim ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas xa ntshav mus rau lub ntsws, lub plawv sab qis ('Right Ventricle)') yuav tsum ua haujlwm hnyav kom nqus ntshav. Ib yam li cov leeg nqaij loj hlob tuaj thaum koj tsa ib qho hnyav, cov leeg nqaij hauv phab ntsa ntawm lub plawv no kuj loj hlob tuaj raws sijhawm. Qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ntxiv rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv.

Thaum plaub qhov teeb meem no los ua ke, qhov mob hu ua "Tetralogy of Fallot" tshwm sim.

Tus mob no feem ntau tshwm sim li cas? Leej twg yuav muaj feem mob no ntau dua?

Tetralogy of Fallot yog ib qho mob tsis tshua muaj.Raws li cov ntaub ntawv Asmeskas, qhov no tshwm sim rau kwv yees li ib tug ntawm 2,000 tus menyuam mos uas yug los. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm cov kab mob plawv yug los ('(Congenital Heart Disorders)'), qhov no yog ib qho mob uas pom ntau heev. Cov mob no feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm cov menyuam tub. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws kho mob tau pom tias '(ToF)' kuj tseem tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov menyuam mos uas muaj lwm yam teeb meem chromosomal xws li '(Down Syndrome)'.

Tsis tshua muaj neeg yuav muaj teeb meem thaum lawv laus yog tias lawv tsis tau txais kev kho mob thaum lawv tseem yog menyuam yaus.

Cov kws kho mob kuaj mob Tetralogy of Fallot li cas?

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav kuaj pom qhov mob no thaum cev xeeb tub lossis tom qab tus menyuam yug los . Feem ntau, nws raug kuaj pom hauv ob peb lub lis piam lossis ob peb lub hlis tom qab tus menyuam yug los.

Kev kuaj mob ua ntej yug menyuam

Yog tias kev kuaj mob ultrasound thaum cev xeeb tub qhia txog tej yam tsis zoo hauv lub plawv, tus kws kho mob yuav ua qhov kev kuaj mob tshwj xeeb hu ua fetal echocardiogram . Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau ntawm 18 thiab 22 lub lis piam ntawm cev xeeb tub kom pom tseeb txog tus menyuam lub plawv thiab txiav txim siab seb puas muaj teeb meem dab tsi.

Kev kuaj mob tom qab yug tus menyuam

Tom qab tus me nyuam yug los, thaum tus kws kho mob kuaj tus me nyuam thiab mloog lub plawv, yuav hnov ​​​​​​lub suab txawv txawv ('Lub plawv quaj') . Qhov no yog ib qho tsos mob uas pom ntau rau cov me nyuam uas muaj '(ToF)'.

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, tseem muaj ntau qhov kev sim ntxiv uas tau ua los xyuas kom meej qhov xwm txheej no:

• Kev Ntsuas Pa oxygen : Qhov no yog ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas yooj yim heev, tsis mob. Ua ntej koj coj koj tus menyuam mus tsev, yuav muaj ib lub sensor me me tso rau ntawm koj tus menyuam txhais tes lossis ceg kom ntsuas qib oxygen hauv lawv cov ntshav. Cov qib oxygen qis tuaj yeem yog ib qho cim ntawm tus mob hu ua (ToF).
• Echocardiogram (tseem hu ua echo) : Qhov no zoo li kev luam theej duab. Nws siv cov suab nthwv dej los pom meej meej txog lub plawv ntawm tus menyuam, suav nrog nws cov qhov (valves) thiab cov ntshav ntws.
• Duab X-ray hauv siab lossis Duab CT ntawm lub plawv : Qhov no qee zaum tuaj yeem qhia tau tias lub plawv zoo li lub khau looj plab hlaub tsis zoo li qub. Qhov no yog ib qho yam ntxwv ntawm ToF.
• Kev kuaj hluav taws xob ntawm lub plawv (EKG lossis ECG) : Qhov no kuaj xyuas qhov ua haujlwm hluav taws xob ntawm lub plawv. Nws tuaj yeem ntes tau txhua yam tsis zoo hauv lub plawv dhia lossis seb cov chav plawv puas ua haujlwm hnyav dhau.
• Kev Siv Txoj Hlua Rau Lub Plawv : Qhov no yog ib qho kev kuaj uas nyuaj me ntsis. Nws tsuas yog ua yog tias tsim nyog xwb. Ib lub raj me me (catheter) raug muab tso rau hauv lub plawv los ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv ceg lossis caj npab kom ntsuas qhov siab hauv lub plawv, coj cov ntshav mus kuaj, thiab pom qhov qauv kom meej dua.

Thaum kuaj mob no rau ib tus neeg laus lossis ib tus menyuam yaus uas loj dua me ntsis, cov kev kuaj uas tau hais los saum toj no, xws li '(EKG)' thiab '(Cardiac Catheterization),' siv tau.

Yuav kho tus mob 'Tetralogy of Fallot' no li cas?

Cov kev kho mob tseem ceeb rau tus menyuam mos uas muaj '(ToF)' yog tshuaj thiab phais . Ua thawj kauj ruam, cov kws kho mob yuav muab cov tshuaj rau tus menyuam mos xws li '(Beta-blockers)' los tswj cov tsos mob ntawm tus menyuam thiab txhim kho kev ncig ntshav. Lawv kuj tseem yuav muab cov pa oxygen ntxiv.

Feem ntau kev phais mob kom kho tag nrho plaub yam teeb meem plawv no yog ua ntawm peb mus rau rau lub hlis tom qab tus menyuam yug los. Tom qab kev phais mob no, txoj kev ntshav ntws hauv lub plawv rov qab mus rau qhov qub.

Cov kev xaiv phais yog dab tsi?

Cov kev xaiv kho mob yuav txawv nyob ntawm tus menyuam tus mob. Qee zaum, yog tias tus menyuam me heev lossis tsis muaj zog heev, nws yuav nyuaj rau ua ib qho kev phais loj ib zaug. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, kev phais yooj yim ('(Palliative Surgery)') tuaj yeem ua tau los tswj cov tsos mob ib ntus kom txog thaum tus menyuam loj hlob me ntsis thiab muaj zog dua. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd thiaj li ua tau '(Kev Kho Kom Tiav)'.

Muaj ntau txoj kev phais mob tseem ceeb:

• Kho Kom Tiav Tag Nrho : Hauv txoj kev kho mob no, tus kws phais yuav ua kom lub qhov ntswg nqaim thiab txoj kev uas nqa cov ntshav mus rau lub ntsws dav dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub qhov ntawm ob lub chav qis ntawm lub plawv (VSD) raug kaw nrog ib daim ntaub.
• Kev Kho Mob BTT Shunt : Qhov no yog kev phais ib ntus uas tau hais ua ntej lawm. Muaj ib lub raj me me (Shunt) ntxig rau ntawm tus menyuam txoj hlab ntsha caj npab (Subclavian Artery) thiab txoj hlab ntsha hauv lub ntsws (Pulmonary Artery). Qhov no ua rau muaj ntshav ntau ntxiv mus rau lub ntsws.
• Kev Siv Catheter : Qee zaum, ib lub stent tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv lub plawv los ntawm ib lub catheter yam tsis tas phais kom lub plawv sab xis qhib. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los tiv thaiv tus menyuam lub raj patent ductus arteriosus (ib lub raj uas txuas lub pulmonary artery thiab aorta) kom tsis txhob kaw.

Kev phais rau cov neeg laus

Tsawg tsawg zaus, muaj ib txhia neeg uas muaj sia nyob thaum yau yam tsis tas phais thiab loj hlob mus txog hnub nyoog laus. Cov kws tshwj xeeb qhia cov neeg zoo li no kom phais tag nrho kom tiv thaiv tau cov teeb meem yav tom ntej thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tuag tam sim ntawd.

Hauv txoj kev kho mob no, tus kws phais mob uas tshwj xeeb hauv kev kho mob plawv yug los ntawm cov neeg laus (VSD) yuav siv daim ntaub los kaw qhov tsis zoo, qhib lub plawv sab xis, thiab kho lossis hloov lub qhov ntswg. Cov hlab ntsha hauv lub plawv, uas xa cov ntshav mus rau ob lub ntsws, yuav loj zuj zus. Qee zaum yuav muab ib lub raj tso rau ntawm lub plawv sab xis thiab cov hlab ntsha hauv lub ntsws kom cov ntshav ntws tau zoo dua.

Feem ntau cov neeg laus uas tau kho qhov teeb meem plawv (ToF) yuav tsis tas yuav phais ntxiv lawm, tab sis lawv yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob plawv rau cov neeg laus kom tau kev saib xyuas tas li.

Tom qab phais lawm, yuav muaj teeb meem dab tsi tshwm sim?

Tom qab phais mob Tetralogy of Fallot, qee zaum (thiab qee zaum txawm tias tom qab ib pliag), tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem tshwm sim. Tab sis tsis txhob txhawj, cov kws kho mob yeej ib txwm ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov no.

• Kev Cuam Tshuam Hluav Taws Xob: Daim thaj uas kaw VSD qee zaum tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov teeb liab hluav taws xob los ntawm cov chav sab saud ntawm lub plawv (Atria) mus rau cov chav qis (Ventricles). Qhov no tuaj yeem kho tau nrog lub tshuab pacemaker. Nrog rau ToF kho, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm arrhythmias (lub plawv dhia tsis xwm yeem) hauv ob qho tib si chav sab saud thiab qis ntawm lub plawv. Yog tias koj muaj qhov xwm txheej syncopal, koj yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas qhov no.
• Qhov Tsis Zoo ntawm Ventricular Septal : Qee zaum yuav muaj qhov xau me me nyob ib puag ncig daim thaj uas siv los kaw VSD.
• Kab Mob Aneurysm : Daim ntawv siv los kho lub valve tuaj yeem ua rau cov chaw tsis muaj zog hauv lub valve o thiab tsim ua aneurysm (ib qho balloon zoo li hauv cov hlab ntsha). Kuj tseem muaj kev pheej hmoo siab dua ntawm kev tsim aneurysm hauv ascending aorta.
• Teeb Meem Shunt : Vim yog lub shunt muab tso rau thaum lub sijhawm phais ib ntus thawj zaug, teeb meem xws li nqaim (stenosis), ntshav siab hauv cov hlab ntsha hauv lub ntsws, thiab kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau ntawm sab laug ntawm lub plawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
• Cov Qhov Dej Xaus : Cov ntshav tuaj yeem xau rov qab los ntawm cov qhov dej hauv koj lub ntsws, aorta, lossis sab xis ntawm koj lub plawv (Tricuspid). Qee zaum, yuav tsum tau hloov qhov dej hauv lub ntsws (Kev Hloov Qhov Dej).

Koj tuaj yeem cia siab li cas thaum nyob nrog tus mob no?

Txawm hais tias cov ntshav ntws hauv lub plawv rov qab mus rau qhov qub tom qab phais mob Tetralogy of Fallot, tseem muaj ob peb yam uas koj lossis koj tus menyuam yuav tsum paub txog:

• Kev Pheej Hmoo Kab Mob Plawv : Kev pheej hmoo ntawm endocarditis siab dua me ntsis. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum ceev faj txog koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv hniav. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav qhia koj kom noj tshuaj tua kab mob kom tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob thaum kho hniav.
• Kev Loj Hlob qeeb : Cov menyuam mos uas muaj Tetralogy of Fallot tej zaum yuav loj hlob qeeb thiab hnyav nce. Lawv yuav xav tau kev kho lub cev, kev hais lus, lossis kev kho mob ua haujlwm.
• Kev Pheej Hmoo Thaum Cev Xeeb Tub : Cov poj niam laus yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas lub plawv tshwj xeeb ua ntej cev xeeb tub. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev poob cev xeeb tub yuav siab dua li qub me ntsis.
• Kev Txwv Kev Siv Tshuaj : Ua ib tug neeg laus, tej zaum koj yuav raug yuam kom siv tsuas yog qee cov tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj tswj kev yug me nyuam nrog koj tus mob plawv.

Yav tom ntej ntawm `(ToF)` status yog dab tsi?

Nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb kho mob, yav tom ntej ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj '(Tetralogy of Fallot)' zoo dua li yav dhau los. Kev phais mob ua tau zoo heev hauv kev kho cov qhov tsis zoo hauv cov qauv ntawm lub plawv thiab cov ntshav ntws. Tus nqi ua tiav ntawm kev phais mob rau cov neeg laus los ntawm tus kws phais plawv uas muaj kev paub dhau los kuj siab heev.

Niaj hnub nim no, feem ntau cov menyuam mos uas tau phais los kho tus kab mob Tetralogy of Fallot nyob ua neej nquag. Txawm li cas los xij, tej zaum yuav muaj qee qhov kev txwv rau kev ua ub ua no hnyav, xws li kev sib tw kis las. Tus nqi ciaj sia ntev tom qab phais ToF yog qhov zoo heev. Feem ntau cov neeg uas tau phais yuav nyob mus txog lawv lub hnub nyoog 30 xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tsis phais, tsuas yog li ntawm 1 ntawm 3 tus neeg uas muaj tus kab mob Tetralogy of Fallot yuav ciaj sia tau 10 xyoo.

Ib txhia neeg laus uas tau phais mob Tetralogy of Fallot thaum lawv tseem yog menyuam yaus yuav muaj teeb meem thaum lawv laus uas yuav tsum tau noj tshuaj, kho mob, lossis phais ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov neeg laus kom sab laj nrog lawv tus kws kho mob plawv ua ntej phais rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.

Puas muaj dab tsi uas kuv ua tau kom kuv tus menyuam zoo siab dua?

Thaum koj tus menyuam tos phais, koj tuaj yeem pab nws thaum nws muaj "tet spells" (thaum nws hloov xiav thiab ua pa nyuaj). Thaum nws ua pa nyuaj, muab nws tso rau hauv txoj hauj lwm squatting nrog nws lub hauv caug rau ntawm nws lub hauv siab . Txoj hauj lwm no ua rau cov ntshav ntws mus rau hauv lub ntsws ntau ntxiv, uas tuaj yeem pab koj tus menyuam zoo siab dua.

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, nws tseem ceeb heev rau muab dej txaus rau tus menyuam haus thiab tiv thaiv nws kom tsis txhob ua haujlwm ntau dhau.

Kuv yuav tsum mus ntsib kuv tus kws kho mob thaum twg?

Yog koj tus me nyuam muaj "tet spell" hnyav heev, uas txhais tau tias lawv tig xiav thiab ua pa nyuaj, coj lawv mus rau chav kho mob ceev ze tshaj plaws tam sim ntawd . Yog tias koj yog ib tug neeg laus, yog tias koj xav tias tsaus muag, kiv taub hau, ua pa nyuaj, lossis mob hauv siab, koj kuj yuav tsum mus rau chav kho mob ceev.

Cov neeg laus uas tau phais thawj zaug rau lub plawv valve (ToF) thaum yau yuav tsum tau kuaj lub plawv tag nrho txhua xyoo lossis ob xyoos . Muaj ntau yam kev kuaj mob uas yuav ua tau los xyuas seb lub plawv ua haujlwm li cas, piv txwv li:

• `(Holter Monitor)` (Ib lub cuab yeej uas sau 'ECG' thoob plaws hnub)
• Kev kuaj mob hluav taws xob (EKG)
• Kev Ntsuas Kev Nyuaj Siab ntawm Kev Ua Si
• Kev kuaj lub plawv (echocardiogram)
• MRI ntawm lub plawv

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, koj tus kws kho mob yuav saib xyuas qhov loj thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm sab xis ntawm koj lub plawv tas li.

Tom qab kho Tetralogy of Fallot lawm, koj tus menyuam yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob plawv menyuam yaus tas li. Kev saib xyuas niaj hnub no yuav txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum nws loj hlob tuaj.

Qee cov lus nug uas koj tuaj yeem nug koj tus kws kho mob:

• Puas yog kuv tus menyuam yuav tsum txwv lawv cov kev ua si tom qab phais lawm?
• Puas yog kuv tus menyuam yuav tsum tau phais ntxiv?
• Kuv tus menyuam yuav tsum noj lwm yam tshuaj dab tsi ntxiv (yog tias muaj)?

Thaum kawg, kuv yuav tsum hais tias... (Cov Lus Coj Mus Tsev)

Nws yog ib qho ib txwm muaj kev xav ntxhov siab thiab tu siab thaum koj paub tias koj tus menyuam mos muaj mob plawv. Tab sis nco ntsoov, koj pab neeg kho mob tau pab ntau tus niam txiv uas tau ntsib cov xwm txheej zoo sib xws, thiab lawv tuaj yeem pab koj thiab. Yog tias koj xav tias ntxhov siab txog kev saib xyuas tus menyuam uas muaj Tetralogy of Fallot, tsis txhob ntshai tham nrog tus kws kho mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem pab cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas uas xav tias lawv ua ntej lawv cov phooj ywg hauv kev loj hlob. Ntseeg tias nrog kev kho mob zoo thiab kev saib xyuas kev hlub, cov menyuam no tuaj yeem muaj lub neej zoo thiab.

` Tetralogy of Fallot, Kab Mob Plawv Rau Me Nyuam, Cov Kab Mob Plawv Uas Muaj Txij Thaum Yug Los, Qhov Hauv Plawv, Kab Mob Me Nyuam Xiav, Kev Phais Plawv, Cov Qauv Plawv