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Txhua yam hais txog Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Txhaj Tshuaj rau mob nraub qaum

Txhua yam hais txog Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Txhaj Tshuaj rau mob nraub qaum

Koj puas mob nraub qaum ntau zaus thiab? Los yog koj puas muaj mob zoo li 'Sciatica', uas yog mob uas mus ntawm nraub qaum mus rau ob txhais ceg, zoo li mob dej ntws, lossis muaj qhov mob tingling? Qee zaum nws kuj tuaj yeem yog mob uas mus ntawm caj dab mus rau caj npab. Vim yog qhov mob zoo li no, koj yuav tsum tsis xis nyob heev thiab ua tsis tau koj cov haujlwm txhua hnub kom zoo. Yog li, hnub no peb yuav tham txog txoj kev kho mob zoo heev thiab ua tau zoo uas tso cai rau koj tswj qhov mob zoo li no.

Qhov Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection no yog dab tsi?

Txawm hais tias lub npe no yuav zoo li nyuaj me ntsis los nws lub ntsiab lus yooj yim heev. Cia peb piav qhia cov lus.

  • Transforaminal: Qhov no txhais tau tias "los ntawm lub qhov foramen." Xav txog nws, cov hlab ntsha tseem ceeb los ntawm lub hlwb, cov hlab ntsha qaum, khiav los ntawm peb tus txha nqaj qaum. Muaj cov qhov me me ntawm cov pob txha caj qaum rau cov hlab ntsha tawm ntawm cov hlab ntsha qaum no mus rau ntau qhov ntawm lub cev. Cov qhov ntawd hu ua 'foramina'. Yog li cov tshuaj txhaj no tau muab los ntawm lub qhov ntawd.
  • Epidural: Peb cov hlab ntsha hauv lub paj hlwb muaj ib daim ntaub tuab uas hu ua 'dura mater' nyob ib puag ncig. 'Epidural' yog lub npe muab rau qhov chaw sab nraud ntawm daim ntaub ntawd.

Hais yooj yim xwb, kev txhaj tshuaj Transforaminal Epidural Steroid yog ib txoj kev kho mob uas ib rab koob raug ntxig los ntawm lub qhov (foramen) qhov twg cov hlab ntsha hauv tus txha caj qaum tawm, thiab cov tshuaj steroid thiab tshuaj loog sib xyaw raug txhaj rau hauv qhov chaw tiv thaiv ib puag ncig cov hlab ntsha hauv tus txha caj qaum (qhov chaw epidural).

Qhov tseem ceeb yog tias qhov no tsis yog kev txhaj tshuaj ncaj qha rau hauv cov hlab ntsha lossis cov hlab ntsha. Cov tshuaj raug txhaj rau hauv qhov chaw nyab xeeb nyob ib puag ncig lawv. Qhov tshuaj no ua yog txo qhov o thiab o ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas ua rau mob.

Kev kho mob no haum rau cov mob twg?

Muaj ntau yam ua rau koj tus kws kho mob pom zoo kom siv txoj kev kho mob no. Feem ntau, nws yog siv los tswj qhov mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv tus txha nqaj qaum raug nias lossis raug mob.

Mob nkeeg Ib qho lus piav qhia yooj yim
Mob nraub qaum qisMob nraub qaum ntau zaus thiab ua rau tuag taus.
Sciatica Mob hnyav, loog, lossis kub hnyiab uas kis mus rau sab nraub qaum los ntawm lub pob tw mus rau ceg.
Mob Pob Qij Txha Ib feem zoo li jelly ntawm cov hlab ntsha qaum uas tawm los thiab nias rau ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
Kev Mob Pob Txha Kev nias ntawm cov hlab ntsha vim yog qhov nqaim ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv tus txha caj qaum nrog hnub nyoog.
Cov hlab ntsha raug nias Qhov mob thiab loog ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas raug nias vim yog pob txha lossis lwm yam ua rau.
Cov pob txha tawg Kev nias ntawm cov hlab ntsha vim yog kev tsim pob txha tshiab hauv tus txha nraub qaum.

Txoj kev kho mob no puas kho tau ntau qhov ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum?

Yog. Nyob ntawm qhov chaw mob, cov tshuaj txhaj no tuaj yeem muab rau ntau qhov ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum.

  • Txhaj tshuaj rau ntawm lub duav: Qhov no yog muab rau hauv qab nraub qaum. Qhov no yog qhov uas ntau tus neeg ua rau mob nraub qaum thiab mob sciatica uas mus rau lawv ob txhais ceg.
  • Kev txhaj tshuaj rau hauv lub hauv siab: Qhov no yog ua rau qhov mob los ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv nruab nrab ntawm nraub qaum, piv txwv li, qhov mob uas nthuav mus rau hauv siab lossis plab.
  • Kev Txhaj Tshuaj Rau Lub Ncauj Tsev Me Nyuam: Qhov no ua rau ntawm caj dab. Kev kho mob no zoo heev rau qhov mob uas kis mus rau ntawm caj dab mus rau ntawm xub pwg mus rau ntawm caj npab.

Kev kho mob no ua li cas? Puas mob heev?

Tsis muaj laj thawj yuav ntshai qhov no. Cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim zoo li no.

1. Kev Npaj: Koj yuav raug muab tso rau saum ib lub txaj tshwj xeeb uas muaj lub tshuab X-ray, tig rau ntawm koj lub plab.

2. Kev loog: Ua ntej txhaj tshuaj, tus kws kho mob yuav txhaj me ntsis tshuaj loog rau hauv koj daim tawv nqaij kom loog thaj chaw ntawd. Tej zaum koj yuav hnov ​​​​​​qhov kub hnyiab me ntsis ntawm lub sijhawm no, tab sis nws yuav ploj mus hauv ob peb feeb.

3.Tshuaj loog: Yog tias koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem muab tshuaj loog rau koj los ntawm cov leeg ntshav hauv koj txhais caj npab kom pab txo kev ntxhov siab thiab ua kom xis nyob dua. Qhov no yuav ua rau koj tsaug zog, tab sis koj tseem yuav tsim. Koj tuaj yeem tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob.

4. Kev taw qhia X-ray: Qhov tshwj xeeb txog kev kho mob no yog tias nws ua tiav raws li kev taw qhia X-ray (Fluoroscopy) . Qhov no txhais tau tias tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem pom sab hauv ntawm koj tus txha caj qaum zoo li video nyob. Yog li ntawd, qhov no ua tiav los ntawm kev saib qhov twg koob txhaj tshuaj tau ntxig.

5. Muab tshuaj txhaj: Thaum saib daim duab X-ray, tus kws kho mob ua tib zoo ntxig ib rab koob nyias thiab ntev rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas ua rau mob. Tom qab ntawd, cov tshuaj steroids thiab tshuaj loog raug txhaj.

Tag nrho cov txheej txheem siv sijhawm li 30 feeb . Koj yuav tsis hnov ​​mob ntau vim yog qhov loog, tab sis koj yuav hnov ​​​​​​me ntsis thawb thaum lub koob raug ntxig.

Koj yuav tsum ceev faj txog dab tsi tom qab txhaj tshuaj lawm?

Tom qab kho mob tas, koj tuaj yeem noj, haus, thiab noj koj cov tshuaj li qub. Tab sis ceev faj rau cov no.

  • Tsis txhob tsav tsheb rau 12 teev tom qab kev kho mob.
  • Tsis txhob ua kev tawm dag zog hnyav lossis nqa khoom hnyav rau ib hnub.
  • Koj tuaj yeem rov qab mus ua koj tej dej num li qub txij hnub tom qab.

Nws yuav siv sijhawm li 24-48 teev rau cov tshuaj steroid kom pib ua haujlwm. Nws yuav siv sijhawm txog li ob lub lis piam kom hnov ​​​​​​qhov mob tag nrho. Yog tias qhov mob tsis ploj mus tom qab ob lub lis piam, mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob dua los tham txog qhov teeb meem.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho mob no kav ntev npaum li cas?

Qhov no txawv ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau ib tus neeg. Ib txhia neeg yuav mob tau ob peb lub lis piam mus txog ob peb lub hlis . Yog tias txoj kev kho mob no ua tiav rau koj, koj tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj no ntau zaus li qhov xav tau los tswj koj qhov mob. Feem ntau suav tias muaj kev nyab xeeb kom txhaj tshuaj ntawm 3-6 zaug hauv ib xyoos. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tus kws kho mob yog tus neeg zoo tshaj plaws los txiav txim siab.

Cov kev mob tshwm sim thiab tej yam uas yuav tsum tau ceev faj

Txoj kev kho mob no muaj kev pheej hmoo tsawg heev. Nws muaj kev nyab xeeb heev vim tias nws ua raws li kev qhia ntawm X-ray. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee qhov kev phiv me me uas tsis tshua muaj.

  • Me ntsis tingling lossis tsis muaj zog hauv ob txhais ceg lossis caj npab.
  • Kiv taub hau.
  • Mob taub hau.

Feem ntau cov no yuav ploj mus tag hauv ob peb teev.

Yog koj muaj cov tsos mob no, hu rau koj tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd.
1. Yog tias qhov loog lossis qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm ob txhais ceg kav ntev tshaj ib hnub.
2. Yog koj muaj mob tshiab uas tsis tau muaj ua ntej txhaj tshuaj.
3. Yog tias qhov mob zuj zus tuaj.
4. Yog koj muaj cov cim qhia txog kev kis kab mob xws li o, liab, sov so, lossis kub taub hau ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj.

Kev nyob nrog qhov mob ntev ntev uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov mob xws li sciatica thiab herniated discs tuaj yeem nyuaj. Kev kho mob no, hu ua Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection, tuaj yeem txhim kho koj lub neej zoo dua los ntawm kev kho cov hlab ntsha uas ua rau mob.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev

  • Kev Txhaj Tshuaj Steroid Transforaminal Epidural yog ib txoj kev kho mob uas raug thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb heev los txo qhov mob thiab o uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev nias ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv tus txha caj qaum.
  • Vim tias kev kho mob no ua tiav raws li kev taw qhia ntawm X-ray, nws muaj peev xwm xa cov tshuaj mus rau qhov chaw uas xav tau.
  • Qhov no yog kev kho mob uas pab txo qhov mob thiab cia koj ua tau tej yam koj ua txhua hnub yooj yim dua, es tsis txhob kho tus kab mob kom zoo tag nrho.
  • Kev txo qhov mob sib txawv ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau ib tus neeg thiab tuaj yeem kav ntev li ob peb lub lis piam mus rau ob peb lub hlis.
  • Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog seb qhov kev kho mob no puas yog rau koj thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig kom txiav txim siab zoo tshaj plaws.

Mob Nraub Qaum, Sciatica, Txhaj Tshuaj Steroid, Txhaj Tshuaj Steroid Transforaminal Epidural, Herniated Disc, Mob Nerve, Kev Tswj Qhov Mob

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Txoj kev kho mob no puas kho tau ntau qhov ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum?

Yog. Nyob ntawm qhov chaw mob, cov tshuaj txhaj no tuaj yeem muab rau ntau qhov ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum.

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.

Ntxiv koj cov lus

Thov xam: 7 + 7 =
Txhua yam hais txog Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Txhaj Tshuaj rau mob nraub qaum
Kev phais mobJuly 6, 2026

Txhua yam hais txog Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Txhaj Tshuaj rau mob nraub qaum

Koj puas mob nraub qaum ntau zaus thiab? Los yog koj puas muaj mob zoo li 'Sciatica', uas yog mob uas mus ntawm nraub qaum mus rau ob txhais ceg, zoo li mob dej ntws, lossis muaj qhov mob tingling? Qee zaum nws kuj tuaj yeem yog mob uas mus ntawm caj dab mus rau caj npab. Vim yog qhov mob zoo li no, koj yuav tsum tsis xis nyob heev thiab ua tsis tau koj cov haujlwm txhua hnub kom zoo. Yog li, hnub no peb yuav tham txog txoj kev kho mob zoo heev thiab ua tau zoo uas tso cai rau koj tswj qhov mob zoo li no.

Qhov Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection no yog dab tsi?

Txawm hais tias lub npe no yuav zoo li nyuaj me ntsis los nws lub ntsiab lus yooj yim heev. Cia peb piav qhia cov lus.

  • Transforaminal: Qhov no txhais tau tias "los ntawm lub qhov foramen." Xav txog nws, cov hlab ntsha tseem ceeb los ntawm lub hlwb, cov hlab ntsha qaum, khiav los ntawm peb tus txha nqaj qaum. Muaj cov qhov me me ntawm cov pob txha caj qaum rau cov hlab ntsha tawm ntawm cov hlab ntsha qaum no mus rau ntau qhov ntawm lub cev. Cov qhov ntawd hu ua 'foramina'. Yog li cov tshuaj txhaj no tau muab los ntawm lub qhov ntawd.
  • Epidural: Peb cov hlab ntsha hauv lub paj hlwb muaj ib daim ntaub tuab uas hu ua 'dura mater' nyob ib puag ncig. 'Epidural' yog lub npe muab rau qhov chaw sab nraud ntawm daim ntaub ntawd.

Hais yooj yim xwb, kev txhaj tshuaj Transforaminal Epidural Steroid yog ib txoj kev kho mob uas ib rab koob raug ntxig los ntawm lub qhov (foramen) qhov twg cov hlab ntsha hauv tus txha caj qaum tawm, thiab cov tshuaj steroid thiab tshuaj loog sib xyaw raug txhaj rau hauv qhov chaw tiv thaiv ib puag ncig cov hlab ntsha hauv tus txha caj qaum (qhov chaw epidural).

Qhov tseem ceeb yog tias qhov no tsis yog kev txhaj tshuaj ncaj qha rau hauv cov hlab ntsha lossis cov hlab ntsha. Cov tshuaj raug txhaj rau hauv qhov chaw nyab xeeb nyob ib puag ncig lawv. Qhov tshuaj no ua yog txo qhov o thiab o ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas ua rau mob.

Kev kho mob no haum rau cov mob twg?

Muaj ntau yam ua rau koj tus kws kho mob pom zoo kom siv txoj kev kho mob no. Feem ntau, nws yog siv los tswj qhov mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv tus txha nqaj qaum raug nias lossis raug mob.

Mob nkeeg Ib qho lus piav qhia yooj yim
Mob nraub qaum qisMob nraub qaum ntau zaus thiab ua rau tuag taus.
Sciatica Mob hnyav, loog, lossis kub hnyiab uas kis mus rau sab nraub qaum los ntawm lub pob tw mus rau ceg.
Mob Pob Qij Txha Ib feem zoo li jelly ntawm cov hlab ntsha qaum uas tawm los thiab nias rau ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
Kev Mob Pob Txha Kev nias ntawm cov hlab ntsha vim yog qhov nqaim ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv tus txha caj qaum nrog hnub nyoog.
Cov hlab ntsha raug nias Qhov mob thiab loog ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas raug nias vim yog pob txha lossis lwm yam ua rau.
Cov pob txha tawg Kev nias ntawm cov hlab ntsha vim yog kev tsim pob txha tshiab hauv tus txha nraub qaum.

Txoj kev kho mob no puas kho tau ntau qhov ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum?

Yog. Nyob ntawm qhov chaw mob, cov tshuaj txhaj no tuaj yeem muab rau ntau qhov ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum.

  • Txhaj tshuaj rau ntawm lub duav: Qhov no yog muab rau hauv qab nraub qaum. Qhov no yog qhov uas ntau tus neeg ua rau mob nraub qaum thiab mob sciatica uas mus rau lawv ob txhais ceg.
  • Kev txhaj tshuaj rau hauv lub hauv siab: Qhov no yog ua rau qhov mob los ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv nruab nrab ntawm nraub qaum, piv txwv li, qhov mob uas nthuav mus rau hauv siab lossis plab.
  • Kev Txhaj Tshuaj Rau Lub Ncauj Tsev Me Nyuam: Qhov no ua rau ntawm caj dab. Kev kho mob no zoo heev rau qhov mob uas kis mus rau ntawm caj dab mus rau ntawm xub pwg mus rau ntawm caj npab.

Kev kho mob no ua li cas? Puas mob heev?

Tsis muaj laj thawj yuav ntshai qhov no. Cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim zoo li no.

1. Kev Npaj: Koj yuav raug muab tso rau saum ib lub txaj tshwj xeeb uas muaj lub tshuab X-ray, tig rau ntawm koj lub plab.

2. Kev loog: Ua ntej txhaj tshuaj, tus kws kho mob yuav txhaj me ntsis tshuaj loog rau hauv koj daim tawv nqaij kom loog thaj chaw ntawd. Tej zaum koj yuav hnov ​​​​​​qhov kub hnyiab me ntsis ntawm lub sijhawm no, tab sis nws yuav ploj mus hauv ob peb feeb.

3.Tshuaj loog: Yog tias koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem muab tshuaj loog rau koj los ntawm cov leeg ntshav hauv koj txhais caj npab kom pab txo kev ntxhov siab thiab ua kom xis nyob dua. Qhov no yuav ua rau koj tsaug zog, tab sis koj tseem yuav tsim. Koj tuaj yeem tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob.

4. Kev taw qhia X-ray: Qhov tshwj xeeb txog kev kho mob no yog tias nws ua tiav raws li kev taw qhia X-ray (Fluoroscopy) . Qhov no txhais tau tias tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem pom sab hauv ntawm koj tus txha caj qaum zoo li video nyob. Yog li ntawd, qhov no ua tiav los ntawm kev saib qhov twg koob txhaj tshuaj tau ntxig.

5. Muab tshuaj txhaj: Thaum saib daim duab X-ray, tus kws kho mob ua tib zoo ntxig ib rab koob nyias thiab ntev rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas ua rau mob. Tom qab ntawd, cov tshuaj steroids thiab tshuaj loog raug txhaj.

Tag nrho cov txheej txheem siv sijhawm li 30 feeb . Koj yuav tsis hnov ​​mob ntau vim yog qhov loog, tab sis koj yuav hnov ​​​​​​me ntsis thawb thaum lub koob raug ntxig.

Koj yuav tsum ceev faj txog dab tsi tom qab txhaj tshuaj lawm?

Tom qab kho mob tas, koj tuaj yeem noj, haus, thiab noj koj cov tshuaj li qub. Tab sis ceev faj rau cov no.

  • Tsis txhob tsav tsheb rau 12 teev tom qab kev kho mob.
  • Tsis txhob ua kev tawm dag zog hnyav lossis nqa khoom hnyav rau ib hnub.
  • Koj tuaj yeem rov qab mus ua koj tej dej num li qub txij hnub tom qab.

Nws yuav siv sijhawm li 24-48 teev rau cov tshuaj steroid kom pib ua haujlwm. Nws yuav siv sijhawm txog li ob lub lis piam kom hnov ​​​​​​qhov mob tag nrho. Yog tias qhov mob tsis ploj mus tom qab ob lub lis piam, mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob dua los tham txog qhov teeb meem.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho mob no kav ntev npaum li cas?

Qhov no txawv ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau ib tus neeg. Ib txhia neeg yuav mob tau ob peb lub lis piam mus txog ob peb lub hlis . Yog tias txoj kev kho mob no ua tiav rau koj, koj tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj no ntau zaus li qhov xav tau los tswj koj qhov mob. Feem ntau suav tias muaj kev nyab xeeb kom txhaj tshuaj ntawm 3-6 zaug hauv ib xyoos. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tus kws kho mob yog tus neeg zoo tshaj plaws los txiav txim siab.

Cov kev mob tshwm sim thiab tej yam uas yuav tsum tau ceev faj

Txoj kev kho mob no muaj kev pheej hmoo tsawg heev. Nws muaj kev nyab xeeb heev vim tias nws ua raws li kev qhia ntawm X-ray. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee qhov kev phiv me me uas tsis tshua muaj.

  • Me ntsis tingling lossis tsis muaj zog hauv ob txhais ceg lossis caj npab.
  • Kiv taub hau.
  • Mob taub hau.

Feem ntau cov no yuav ploj mus tag hauv ob peb teev.

Yog koj muaj cov tsos mob no, hu rau koj tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd.
1. Yog tias qhov loog lossis qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm ob txhais ceg kav ntev tshaj ib hnub.
2. Yog koj muaj mob tshiab uas tsis tau muaj ua ntej txhaj tshuaj.
3. Yog tias qhov mob zuj zus tuaj.
4. Yog koj muaj cov cim qhia txog kev kis kab mob xws li o, liab, sov so, lossis kub taub hau ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj.

Kev nyob nrog qhov mob ntev ntev uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov mob xws li sciatica thiab herniated discs tuaj yeem nyuaj. Kev kho mob no, hu ua Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection, tuaj yeem txhim kho koj lub neej zoo dua los ntawm kev kho cov hlab ntsha uas ua rau mob.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev

  • Kev Txhaj Tshuaj Steroid Transforaminal Epidural yog ib txoj kev kho mob uas raug thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb heev los txo qhov mob thiab o uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev nias ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv tus txha caj qaum.
  • Vim tias kev kho mob no ua tiav raws li kev taw qhia ntawm X-ray, nws muaj peev xwm xa cov tshuaj mus rau qhov chaw uas xav tau.
  • Qhov no yog kev kho mob uas pab txo qhov mob thiab cia koj ua tau tej yam koj ua txhua hnub yooj yim dua, es tsis txhob kho tus kab mob kom zoo tag nrho.
  • Kev txo qhov mob sib txawv ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau ib tus neeg thiab tuaj yeem kav ntev li ob peb lub lis piam mus rau ob peb lub hlis.
  • Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog seb qhov kev kho mob no puas yog rau koj thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig kom txiav txim siab zoo tshaj plaws.

Mob Nraub Qaum, Sciatica, Txhaj Tshuaj Steroid, Txhaj Tshuaj Steroid Transforaminal Epidural, Herniated Disc, Mob Nerve, Kev Tswj Qhov Mob

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Txoj kev kho mob no puas kho tau ntau qhov ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum?

Yog. Nyob ntawm qhov chaw mob, cov tshuaj txhaj no tuaj yeem muab rau ntau qhov ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum.

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.

Ntxiv koj cov lus

Thov xam: 7 + 7 =