We wi yɛri di wɔd PCR, wi kin tink bɔt di Covid pandemic, nɔto so? Di tɛm we wi bin gɛt fɔ stik swab na wi nos ɛn wet fɔ mek di ripɔt kam... dat nɔ go ɛva fɔgɛt. Bɔt yu no se dɛn nɔ jɔs de yuz PCR fɔ no Covid? Dis na rili impɔtant tɛst we dɔn mek big big chenj pan mɛdikal sayɛns. So tide, lɛ wi tɔk bɔt wetin na dis PCR tɛst, us ɔda tin dɛn i kin no, ɛn aw i de wok na simpul we we yu go ɔndastand.
Wetin na PCR simpul wan?
Okay, mek wi put am dis we. Imajin se yu fɔ fɛn wan wɔd na wan pej na wan buk, pan bɔku bɔku buk dɛn we de na wan big laybri. Aw dat go at fɔ du? I tan lɛk we wi fɛn wan smɔl pat pan DNA ɔ RNA , we na di jɛnɛtik tin we de insay di sɛl dɛn na wi bɔdi.
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) teknɔlɔji de mek da tranga wok de izi. wetin dis de du na fכ kכpi di sכmכl pat pan DNA כ RNA we wi de luk fכ כndrεd tכn, ivin plεnti milyan tεm (amplification). I tan lɛk we yu fɛn di pej we gɛt di wɔd na di laybri buk, put am na fotokɔpi mashin, ɛn mek lɛk wan milyɔn kɔpi dɛn. Dɔn, bikɔs da wɔd de we at fɔ fɛn de ɔlsay naw, i izi fɔ wi fɔ no am.
Fɔ tɔk am simpul wan, PCR na tɛst we de tek wan smɔl smɔl sɛl frɔm wi bɔdi, wan drop pan blɔd, ɔ wan nos swab, ɛn artificially gro wan patikyula pat pan DNA ɔ RNA insay am na lɛbɔtri fɔ kɔnfɔm if i de na wi sampul ɔ nɔ de. Dis na tɛst we rili sɛnsitiv. Dis min se i kin no ivin smɔl smɔl tin dɛn pan di vayrɔs. Dis we ya de insay wan grup we dɛn kɔl Nyukliyk Asid Amplifyeshɔn Tɛst (NAAT).
Us sik dɛn kin no bay we dɛn de du PCR tɛst?
Pan ɔl we PCR dɔn bi pɔpul bikɔs ɔf di COVID pandemik, dɛn dɔn de yuz am na di mɛdikal wɔl fɔ bɔku bɔku ia. Bɔrku tin de wae dɛn kin no wit dis tɛst. Lɛ wi luk sɔm pan di men wan dɛn.
| Wetin dɛn kin no | Ɛgzampul dɛn ɛn ɛksplen |
|---|---|
| Sik dɛn we pɔsin kin gɛt | I kin no sik dɛm we smɔl smɔl tin dɛm lɛk vayrɔs, baktri, fɛns, ɛn parasayt kin kam wit. Fɔ ɛgzampul, dɛn kin yuz PCR fɔ no di sik dɛn lɛk COVID-19, dengue, influenza (flu), tuberculosis, HIV, ɛn hepatitis B ɛn C kɔrɛkt wan. |
| Sik dɛn we pɔsin kin gɛt we i kam pan Jɛnɛtiks | Sɔm sik dɛn kin kɔmɔt frɔm wi jin dɛn. PCR de εp fכ no sכm chenj dεm (mכtayshכn) dεm na dεn jin dεm ya. Ɛgzampul dɛn: Sistik Faybrosis, sik we dɛn kɔl Huntington. |
| Kansa | dis tεst kin no di spεshal jεnεtik chenj dεm na di kεnsar sεl dεm. Dis kin ɛp dɔktɔ dɛn fɔ pik mɛrɛsin dɛn we go ebul fɔ tɔch da kansa de (targeted therapy). |
| Tɛst we dɛn kin du bifo dɛn bɔn pikin | dεn de yuz PCR tεknכlכji fכ tεst fכ no bifo tεm if pikin we de na di mama in bεlε gεt εni jεnεtik sik. |
| Fɔrɛns Sayns | Dɛn kin pul DNA frɔm wan rili smɔl blɔd ɔ ia we dɛn fɛn na say usay dɛn de du kraym, dɛn kin amplify am bay we dɛn de yuz PCR tɛknɔlɔji, ɛn yuz am fɔ no di wan dɛn we dɛn tink se de du bad. |
Aw yu kin tek sampul fɔ PCR tɛst?
Di we aw yu tek sampul fɔ PCR tɛst de dipen pan us kayn sik yu de luk fɔ. Di we aw dɛn kin tek sampul difrɛn fɔ ɛni kɔndishɔn.
| Di we aw dɛn de tek sampul | Insay us sityueshɔn yu de du dis? |
|---|---|
| Wan blɔd sɛmpul (Blɔd Tɛst) . | dεn kin tek bכdi sεmpl fכ no di jεnεtik sik dεm, εn fכ no sכm vayrus dεm (e.g. HIV, Epatitis B/C) we dεn go insay di bכdi. |
| Nasofarinj swab we dɛn kin yuz | Dis na di we aw wi ɔl no. Yu mɛmba we yu bin de stɔp stik ɔp yu nos di tɛm we Covid de? Dɛn kin yuz dis we fɔ no di vayrɔs dɛn we de afɛkt di we aw pɔsin de blo (COVID, Influenza, RSV). |
| Bayopsi we dɛn kin du | dis sεmpl dεn tek am frכm sכm sכm tisu frכm wan kεnsar tכmכro כ bon mכro εn dεn kin yuz am fכ luk fכ jεnεtik chenj dεm na di sεl dεm. |
| Amniocentesis we dɛn kin yuz | dis dεn kin du fכ tεst di pikin in jεnεtik kכndishכn bay we dεn de tek sכm sכm pan di amniotic fluid we de rawnd di pikin frכm mama we gεt bεlε. |
| Jɛnɛtik Diagnosis bifo dɛn put am | insay in vitro fεtilayzεshכn (IVF), dεn kin yuz dis mεtכd fכ tεst fכ sεl dεm frכm di εmbrayo fכ si if i gεt jεnεtik sik bifo dεn put am na di mama in uterus. |
Bɔrku tɛm, yu nɔr nid fɔ du ɛni spɛshal fɔ pripia fɔ PCR tɛst. Bɔt sɔm tɛm dɛn, lɛk we yu de du sɔntin lɛk bayɔpsi, yu dɔktɔ go gi yu di tin dɛn we yu nid bifo tɛm.
Aw PCR teknɔlɔji de wok?
Okay, naw lɛ wi si aw dis wɔndaful teknɔlɔji de rili wok. Dis na smɔl sayɛns, bɔt a go ɛksplen am simpul wan.
1. di prεparashכn fכ di sεmpl: fכs, dεn de aylכt DNA כ RNA frכm di sεmpl (blכd, sekreshכn, εtk) we dεn tek frכm yu.
2. fכ mek di miksכp: nεks, dεn de miks dis DNA/RNA we dεn ayd wit sכm spεshal kεmikכl dεm. di men tin we de insay dis miksכp na wan εnzym we dεn kכl DNA Polymerase . Dis na di men wan we de du di wok fɔ kɔpi fɔ fotokɔpi.
3. Hɛt ɛn Kul Saykl: Naw dɛn kin put di smɔl tiub wit dis miksɔp insay spɛshal mashin. Dis mashin de mek di tɛmpracha go ɔp ɛn dɔŋ kwik kwik wan.
- Denaturation: Fɔs, dɛn kin mek di tɛmpracha go lɛk 95 digri sɛlshiɔs. dis kin mek di tu DNA strεn dεm sεparat.
- Annealing: Dɔn, dɛn kin put di tɛmpracha dɔŋ to lɛk 55 digri. afta dat, sכm sכm pat dεm fכ DNA (primers) we de mach di DNA fragmεnt we wi de luk fכ de atak di DNA strεn dεm we dεn sεparayt.
- Rihɛt (Ɛkstenshɔn): Dɔn dɛn kin mek di tɛmpracha go ɔp to lɛk 72 digri. afta dat di DNA polimεrayz εnzym de kam insay εn mek nyu DNA strεn frכm da prayma de we de mach di כrijinal DNA strεn.
4. Kɔpi: Naw dɛn dɔn mek tu kɔpi fɔ wan DNA strɛch. dis tεmprachכ saykl de ripit insεf lεk 30-40 tεm. insay wan saykl, di amoun fכ DNA de dכbl. Tu bi fכ, fכ bi et, et de bi siksti... Afta lεk 30 saykl dεm, dεn dכn mek pas wan bilyan kכpi frכm di כrijinal wan pat pan DNA.
naw, da DNA/RNA fragmεnt de, we bin tu sכm fכ no bifo, dכn bi big fכ fכ no izi wan.
Di kayn PCR tɛst dɛn de?
Yɛs, mɔ tu kayn dɛn de we wi nid fɔ no bɔt.
- Rivεs-transkriptaz PCR (RT-PCR): Sכm vayrus dεm, lεk Covid, influenza, εn HIV, gεt dεn jεnεtik infכmeshכn na RNA pas DNA. Nɔmal PCR kin jɔs kɔpi DNA. so, wetin yu de du insay RT-PCR na fכs yus wan spεshal εnzym (`Reverse Transcriptase`) fכ ‘kכnvכlt' da RNA de to DNA. di DNA we de kכmכt na di kכmplimεnt DNA (cDNA). afta dat di nכmal PCR prכsεs de tek ples.
- Rial-taym PCR / Kwantitatif PCR (Q-PCR): Dis na wan we we dεn dכn ad sכmtεm sכmtεm. wetin kin apin pan dis na dat as dεn de kכpi di DNA, dεn de tay wan fכrosεnt lεbul pan am. as di amoun fכ DNA we dεn kכpi de inkrεs, dis fכrosεns de inkrεs bak. Di mashin kin mɛzhɔ dis fluorescence. So, we wi de wet, dat na, insay rial-taym , wi kin si if di DNA we gɛt fɔ du wit di sampul de insay di sampul ɔ nɔ de. nכto dat nכmכ, i kin gi wan rכf aydia bak fכ aw mכch vayrus bin de na di כrijinal sεmpl (vayral lod). Bɔku tɛm dɛn kin yuz Rial-taym RT-PCR tɛst we de jɔyn dɛn tu we ya fɔ no Covid.
Wetin di PCR ripɔt min?
I rili impɔtant fɔ ɔndastand PCR ripɔt we yu gɛt am.
- Detekt / Pozitiv: If yu ripɔt se "Detected" ɔ "Positive," dat min se yu sampul bin gɛt pat pan di vayrɔs ɔ jenɛtik matirial we dɛn bin de luk fɔ. Fɔ tɔk am simpul wan, sɔntɛm yu gɛt di sik.
- Not Detected / Negative: Dis min se dεn nכ bin ebul fכ fכn di rilevεnt DNA/RNA fragmεnt dεm na di sεmpl we dεn tεst. Dis min se yu go mɔs nɔ gɛt da infɛkshɔn de.
Bɔt na sɔntin we rili impɔtant. Sɔntɛnde, if yu tɛst di fɔs de dɛn we yu gɛt di sik (especially bifo di simptom dɛn bigin), di amount of vayrɔs na yu bɔdi kin smɔl ɛn di PCR nɔ kin no am. So, ivin if yu gɛt ‘Not Detected’ rizɔlt, if yu stil gɛt di sik, i bɛtɛ fɔ tɔk to yu dɔktɔ ɛn fala in advays. Dɛn kin aks yu fɔ ritest insay sɔm dez.
Aw lɔng i kin tek fɔ gɛt rizɔlt kin difrɛn difrɛn wan bay di tɛst we dɛn de du. Nasal swab (lɛk COVID, influenza) kin gɛt rizɔlt insay 24 awa. Bɔt fɔ tɛst blɔd ɛn bayɔpsi fɔ luk fɔ sik dɛn we pɔsin kin gɛt frɔm in jɛnɛtiks kin tek wan wik ɔ mɔ.
If yu gɛt ɛni kwɛstyɔn ɔ wɔri bɔt PCR tɛst ɔ in rizɔlt, mek shɔ se yu tɔk to yu dɔktɔ bɔt am.
Mɛsej we dɛn kin kɛr go na os
- PCR nɔto jɔs tɛst fɔ COVID. Na wan rili pawaful ɛn kɔrɛkt mɛdikal tɛst we dɛn kin yuz fɔ no difrɛn infɛkshɔn, sik dɛn we pɔsin kin gɛt we i gɛt jɛnɛtiks, ɛn tin dɛn lɛk kansa.
- dis tεknכlכji de kכpi sכm sכm DNA כ RNA insay wan sεmpl insay plεnti milyan kכpi dεm, we de mek i rich wan lεvεl we i izi fכ no.
- Ivin if di PCR rizɔlt na "Not Detected" (Negative), if yu gɛt di sik, i nɔ min 100% se yu nɔ gɛt di sik. Dis kin bi, mɔ we di infekshɔn bigin.
- Yu dɔktɔ na di bɛst pɔsin fɔ ansa ɛni kwɛstyɔn ɔ wɔri we yu gɛt bɔt yu tɛst rizɔlt ɛn wɛlbɔdi biznɛs, so nɔ ɛva shem fɔ tɔk to am.
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