Oh, di fred ɛn wɔri we wi kin fil we wi smɔl pikin dɛn sik nɔ go ebul fɔ ɛksplen, nɔto so? Wi ɔl kin strɛs wit tin dɛn lɛk fiva ɔltɛm, kɔf, ɛn kol. Bɔt sɔntɛnde wi pikin dɛn kin gɛt infɛkshɔn bak we kin rili siriɔs smɔl pas dɛn sik ya we dɛn kin gɛt. Tide, wi go tɔk bɔt wan baktri we kin afɛkt pikin dɛn we nɔ rich fayv ia yet, ɛn big pipul dɛn we gɛt wikɛd imyun sistɛm. di nem fכ dis baktri na `Haemophilus influenzae`.
Wetin na `Haemophilus influenzae`?
Fɔ tɔk am simpul wan, Emophilus influenzae na wan kayn baktri. Dis baktri kin mek yu gɛt difrɛn difrɛn sik dɛn. Sɔm pan dɛn kin bi smɔl smɔl, lɛk infɛkshɔn na yu yes. Bɔt sɔntɛnde, dis baktri kin mek pɔsin gɛt sik dɛn we rili siriɔs, ivin we kin mek pɔsin in layf de pan denja, lɛk blɔd pɔyzin.
Dɛn infɛkshɔn ya kin afɛkt pikin dɛn we nɔ rich fayv ia yet . Dɔn bak, pipul dɛm wae gɛt wik imyun sistɛm (fɔ ɛgzampul, pipul dɛm wae gɛt sɔm sik dɛm wae nɔr de mɛn, lɛk pipul dɛm wae gɛt kansa) kin gɛt bɔrku risk fɔ gɛt sik frɔm dɛn baktri dɛm ya.
Sɔm H. influenzae infɛkshɔn na wetin wi kɔl “invasive” infɛkshɔn. Dat min se di baktri de go insay di say dɛn na wi bɔdi we nɔmal fɔ gɛt jem. Fɔ ɛgzampul, if di bɔdi go insay di wata we de rawnd wi bren ɛn spɛshal kɔd, i kin mek wi gɛt mɛningɔyt, we na wan inflamɛns na di bren. Dis na tin we rili denja . Dɛn kayn invasive infection ya kin nid fɔ go na ɔspitul ɛn tritmɛnt, ɛn sɔntɛnde kin ivin mek pɔsin day.
Wetin na `Haemophilus influenzae` tayp b (Hib)?
di εmofilis influenzae baktri dεm dεn kin kכl dεm mεntal insay tu grup dεm. Wan na di “encapsulated” tayp, ɛn di ɔda wan na di “non-encapsulated” tayp. “Encapsulated” min se di baktri gɛt sɔntin we de protɛkt am na do, lɛk shel. Dis sεl de mek dεn baktri dεm ya ebul fכ rεsist fכ sכm antibaytik dεm. dis baktri dεm we dεn kapsul dεm de divayd bak insay sכbgrכp dεm frכm “a” to “f”.
Di wan we kɔmɔn ɛn we denja pas ɔl na di Haemophilus influenzae type b, we wi kɔl Hib fɔ shɔt . Hib infεkshכn kin afekt pikin dεm we nכ rich fayv ia εn pipul dεm we pas 65 ia. Dɛn kin gɛt sik bak pan pipul dɛm wae gɛt wik imyun sistɛm. Fɔ ɛgzampul:
- Pipul wae gɛt `Sickle cell disease`.
- Pipul dɛn we nɔ gɛt splin (asplenia).
- Pipul wae gɛt dɛfisiɛns na di antibodi ɔ kɔmplimɛnt sistɛm.
- Pipul dɛn we gɛt HIV.
- Pipul dɛn we de tek kemotɛrapi, redyushɔn, ɔ we dɛn dɔn transplant bon mɛrɔ fɔ kansa.
Laki, wi kin protɛkt wisɛf frɔm dɛn Haemophilus influenzae tayp b infɛkshɔn ya wit di Hib vaysin. Wi go tɔk bɔt dis leta.
Yu tink se Haemophilus influenzae de mek pɔsin gɛt influenza?
Dis na sɔntin we kin mek bɔku pipul dɛn kɔnfyus. ivin if di nem `Haemophilus influenzae` gεt `influenzae` insay, dis baktri nכ de mek influenza (flu) . Dat na sik we wan ɔda vayrɔs kin kam wit. Bɔt lɛk aw wi bin dɔn tɔk, dis baktri kin mek wi gɛt bɔku ɔda siriɔs sik dɛn.
Us sik dɛn kin kam wit `Haemophilus influenzae`?
Na sɔm pan di men sik ɛn infɛkshɔn dɛm wae dis baktri kin kam wit:
- Iya Infεkshכn (Otitis Media): Na infεkshכn na di midul ia, bihayn di ia dכm. Dis kin apin to yɔŋ pikin dɛn.
- Bronchitis: Na sik we di smɔl smɔl ay tyub dɛm (bronchi) na di lכng kin gɛt infεkshɔn, swεla, ɛn mek mכkus we pasmak.
- di skin εn tisu infεkshכn dεm (`Cellulitis`): baktri dεm de go insay di skin εn di tisu dεm we de כndalayn tru wan wund כ kכt.
- Epiglottitis: Na infεkshכn na di epiglottis, na wan sכmכl flap na di bak pat na wi trot we de kכba di briz paip we wi de sכlow. Dis na rili siriɔs ɛn denja, bikɔs i kin mek i nɔ izi fɔ blo.
- Nyumonia: Na infεkshכn na wan כ tu lכng. insay dis, di lכng dεm kin swεla εn fulכp wit mכkus.
- Meningitis: Infεkshכn na di mεmbran dεm (meninges) we de rawnd di bren εn di spεnal kכd.
- Septicemia: Baktri de go insay di blɔd ɛn i de skata ɔlsay na di bɔdi. Dis kin rili denja bak.
- Sɛptik at: Na infekshɔn na di layn na wan jɔyn. I kin apin we wan infekshɔn ɔdasay na di bɔdi de go na di jɔyn tru di blɔd.
Mɛmba se sɔm pan dɛn sik ya, mɔ Epiglottitis ɛn Meningitis, kin kam siriɔs kwik kwik wan. So, i rili impɔtant fɔ go to dɔktɔ as yu notis di sayn dɛm.
Udat dɛn kin afɛkt mɔ pan di sik we dɛn kɔl Haemophilus influenzae?
Di Hib vaysin na pat pan di rutin pikin dɛn vaysin schedule na wi kɔntri. So, H. influenzae sik kin mɔs afɛkt pikin dɛn we nɔ gɛt vaysin agens Hib. Nyu bכn pikin dεm we nכ kכmplit di vaksin siriכs de pan denja bak.
Dɛn ripɔt bak se H. influenzae de mɔ pan Alaska Nativ pikin dɛm, ivin if dɛn dɔn gi dɛn vaysin. I kin afɛkt bak pipul dɛn we dɔn pas 65 ia ɛn di wan dɛn we gɛt wikɛd imyun sistɛm .
Aw kɔmɔn tin na `Haemophilus influenzae`?
Insay Amɛrika, di wan dɛn we de gɛt dis sik bin go dɔŋ bad bad wan afta dɛn bigin fɔ yuz di Hib vaysin fɔ pikin dɛn insay 1987 ɛn fɔ bebi dɛn insay 1990.Bifo dɛn bigin fɔ yuz di vaysin, lɛk 20,000 pikin dɛn we nɔ rich 5 ia yet bin de sɔfa wit siriɔs Hib sik ɛvri ia, ɛn lɛk 1,000 bin de day. Bɔt wit di vaysin, di bad bad Hib sik dɔn ridyus pas 99% frɔm 1991. Insay 2019, lɛk 0.15 pan 100,000 pikin dɛn we nɔ rich 5 ia yet bin gɛt Hib sik.
Naw, di mכtalman infεkshכn dεm na di Haemophilus influenzae na כl di ej grup dεm na di H. influenzae we nכ de tayp. Insay 2019, 1.62 pan 100,000 pikin dɛm we nɔ rich 5 ia yet bin gɛt dis kayn sik. Naw, di tin we kin mek pikin dɛn gɛt dɛn sik ya pas ɔl na di wan dɛn we nɔ gɛt di vaysin ɔ we nɔ dɔn dɔn di ful vaysin siriɔs . pan big pipul dεm we ol 65 ia כ pas dat, di rεt fכ nכn-tayp H. influenzae infεkshכn na 4.88 pan 100,000.
Wetin na di sayn dɛm fɔ `Haemophilus influenzae`?
Di sayn dɛm fɔ Haemophilus influenzae na bebi ɛn yɔŋ pikin dɛm dipen pan di patikyula sik we dɛn de sɔfa wit. Lɛ wi luk di sayn dɛm fɔ sɔm pan de men sik dɛm.
Iya Infεkshכn (`Otitis Media`) Simptom dεm:
- I de pen (di pikin kin ol in yes ɛn kray) .
- Fil fɔ it
- Nɔ rɛst ɔltɛm, kray
- Nɔ ebul slip
- Fiva
- Fluid-layk dischaj frɔm di yes
- I nɔ izi fɔ yɛri (pikin we big smɔl go se so) .
Di sayn dɛn we de sho se pɔsin gɛt brɔnkayt:
- Frɛkuɛnt, phlegmy kɔf
- Bɔdi we nɔ gɛt layf
- We pɔsin de swɛt
- Fiva
- I nɔ kin izi fɔ yu fɔ blo
Infεkshכn na di skin (Sεlulaytis) Simptom dεm:
- Pen na di say we di sik gɛt, pen we yu tɔch am
- De swɛl
- Fɔ fil wam we yu tɔch yu
- Di kɔlɔ we di skin kin chenj (we kin rɛd, i kin gɛt pepul) .
- Blistering
- Fiva ɛn kol kol
- Wok tranga wan
Epiglottitis simptom dɛm (dis na imejensi!):
- Trot we kin at bad bad wan
- Fiva
- Wan abnɔmal, harsh sawnd we yu de blo (stridor) .
- I nɔ izi fɔ swɛla
- Drooling we yu de drɔl
- I kin at fɔ blo bad bad wan (di pikin kin tray fɔ blo bay we i strɛch in nɛk ɛn ledɔm bifo) .
Nyumonia simptom dɛm:
- Fiva ɛn kol kol
- Kɔf (i kin bi flegmy ɔ dray) .
- I nɔ izi fɔ blo, yu nɔ de blo fayn
- We pɔsin de swet
- Chɛst de pen
- Ed de at
- Mɔsul dɛn kin pen
- Wok tranga wan
Di sayn dɛm fɔ mɛningɔyt (dis na imejensi bak!):
- Ay fiva
- Di ed we de at bad bad wan
- Stif nɛk (nɔ ebul fɔ bɛn fɔ go bifo) .
- Wok tranga wan
- Fil fɔ it
- Vɔmit ɛn nɔs
- Fɔ nɔ rɛst, fɔ vɛks
- Kɔnfyus
- Di sik dɛn we kin mek pɔsin sik
Di sayn dɛm fɔ Septicemia (dis na imejensi bak!):
- Fiva ɛn kol kol
- Bɛlɛ de pen
- Vɔmit ɛn nɔs
- Rɔnbɛlɛ
- Fɔ wɔri ɔ fɔ kɔnfyus
- Wok tranga wan
- I nɔ izi fɔ blo, yu nɔ de blo fayn
Di simptom dɛm fɔ jɔyn infɛkshɔn (`Septic Arthritis`):
- Fiva
- Joint pen, tenderness
- Di jɔyn dɛn we de swel
- Wam we yu tɔch yu
- I nɔ ebul fɔ muv di jɔyn fayn fayn wan (limited range of motion) .
Wetin kin mek pɔsin gɛt Emophilus influenzae?
wi no naw se `Haemophilus influenzae` na wan kayn baktri. siks sכbtayp dεm de fכ dis baktri, frכm a to f. di כda tכp dεm dεn kכl dεm "non-typeable". pan dεm, tayp b, כ `Hib`, de rispansabl fכ 95% pan di siriכs, invasiv infεkshכn dεm.
Dɛn bɔdi ya kin de na wi nos ɛn trot. Bɔku tɛm, dɛn nɔ kin kɔz ɛni prɔblɛm de. Bɔt we dɛn bɔdi ya go na ɔda pat dɛn na di bɔdi, dɛn kin mek pɔsin gɛt infɛkshɔn.
Yu tink se Emophilus influenzae kin pas?
Yɛs. If dɛn nɔ gi yu di vaysin ɛn protɛkt yu frɔm dis baktri, yu kin sik wit Emophilus influenzae.
Aw di sik we dɛn kɔl Haemophilus influenzae tayp b (Hib) kin pas?
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) de spre frɔm pɔsin to ɔda pɔsin tru di drɔp dɛn we de kɔmɔt na di briz we pɔsin we gɛt di sik kɔf ɔ sniz . Dɛn drɔp dɛn ya gɛt di bɔdi, ɛn ɔda wan dɛn kin sik if dɛn blo dɛn drɔp dɛn ya. I kin pas bak bay we yu de nia pɔsin we gɛt di baktri na in nos ɔ trot (ivin if dɛn nɔ de sho di sayn dɛn we de sho se i gɛt di sik fɔ lɔng tɛm ). Sayɛnsman dɛn biliv se Hib baktri nɔ kin ebul fɔ liv pan tin dɛn we nɔ gɛt layf ɔ na di say we dɛn de.
Aw lɔng a go ebul fɔ kɔntinyu fɔ bi brida?
di masta sabi pipul dεm nכ sכri bכt di εksakεt "incubation period" fכ Haemophilus influenzae - di tεm we i tek fכ di simptom dεm fכ sho afta di baktri dεm go insay di bכdi. Bɔt di wan dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt dis biliv se di sayn dɛn kin apin insay sɔm dez afta yu gɛt di sik.
Aw dɛn kin no se pɔsin gɛt Emophilus influenzae?
Yu dɔktɔ go ɔltɛm no se yu gɛt H. influenzae infɛkshɔn wit wan ɔ mɔ lɛbɔtri tɛst. Dɛn kin tek wan sɛmpul frɔm yu blɔd, yu spɛnal wata, yu jɔyn wata, pleura fluid (fluid we de rawnd di lɔng dɛm), ɔ wan midul ia aspirate .
di fכs tεst dεn kכl am `Gram staining`. dis `Gram stain` de chεk fכ baktri dεm na di sεmpl εn di kayn baktri dεm we de mek di sik. afta dat, yu dכkta kin du `kכlt` bak fכ bכdi כ bכdi fכ kכnfכm if di baktri de de.
`Haemophilus influenzae` na gram-positiv ɔ gram-nɛgitiv?
כnda wan `Gram stain`, baktri dεm de chenj frכm wan pan tu kכla dεm (pink to rεd כ pepul to blu). Dɛn kin klas dɛn as `Gram-nɛgitiv` ɔ `Gram-pɔzitiv`. `Haemophilus influenzae` na gram-nεgεtiv `coccobacillus` (wan sכt, rod-shep baktri) . We yu luk dɛn wit maykroskɔp, dɛn kin tan lɛk rɛd. Gram-nεgεtiv baktri dεm gεt wan had כta sεl. Dis kin protɛkt dɛn ɛn mek i nɔ izi fɔ kil dɛn. Dɛn nɔ kin ebul fɔ gɛt bɔku pan di antibayɔtik dɛn we dɔn de, ɛn dɛn bɔdi ya kin fɛn nyu we fɔ mek dɛn nɔ atak dɛn.
Aw dɛn kin trit Emophilus influenzae?
Di tritmɛnt fɔ Haemophilus influenzae dipen pan di kayn infekshɔn ɔ sik we yu gɛt. Bɔku tɛm dɛn kin gi antibayɔtik fɔ fɛt di infekshɔn . Bɔt i impɔtant fɔ mɛmba se H. influenzae baktri dɛn kin ebul fɔ bia wit antibayɔtik.
Dipen pan aw yu sik bad, yu kin nid ɔda tritmɛnt na ɔspitul. Dis tritmɛnt kin inklud:
- εp fכ brith – כksijεn we dεn gi tru fכs mask (`fes mask כksijεn`) כ `intubeshכn` (fכ put tכb insay di winda paip εn kכnekt am to mashin).
- Fɔ gi stɛroyd insay di bɛlɛ.
- Mɛrɛsin fɔ trit lɔw blɔd prɛshɔn.
- Wund kia fɔ di skin we dɔn pwɛl.
- Ɔspitul drenaj fɔ jɔyn infɛkshɔn (`Septic Arthritis`).
Vaksin de fɔ `Haemophilus influenzae`?
Yɛs, i de! Yu kin gi yu pikin di Hib vaysin fɔ protɛkt am frɔm Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infɛkshɔn. Di Wol Ɛlth Ɔganayzeshɔn (CDC) se ɔl pikin dɛn we nɔ rich 2 ia yet fɔ gɛt dis vaysin . Insay Sri Lanka, dɛn kin put am bak insay di nashɔnal vaksin program.
Yu pikin in dɔktɔ go ɔltɛm gi di Hib vaysin insay tri ɔ 4 dos.
- Yu pikin go gɛt di fɔs doz we i ol 2 mɔnt .
- di sεkכn doz dεn kin gi am na 4 mכnt .
- If dεn gi fכ doz, dεn gi di tכd doz na 6 mכnt .
- afta dat, dεn kin gi di las (bכsta) dכz bitwin 12 εn 15 mכnt fכ komplit di vaksin siriכs.
afta dis fכs siriכs vaksin, bitwin 95% εn 100% pan di pikin dεm de divεlכp di prכtektiv antibodi lεvεl dεm εgens Hib .
Dɛn kin gi di Hib vaksin as wan vaksin [`PRP-T (ActHIB)`, `PRP-T (Hiberix)` ɔ `PRP-OMP (Pedvax HIB)`] ɔ as pat pan wan kɔmbayn vaksin [`DTap-IPV-Hib (Pentacel)` ɔ `DTap-IPV-Hib-Hep B (Vaxelis)`]. Kɔmbayn vaysin na kɔmbaynshɔn fɔ sɔm vaysin dɛn we dɛn kin gi di sem tɛm.
Di Hib vaysin de mek di infεkshכn dεm we Haemophilus influenzae tayp b de kכz. Bɔt i nɔ de mek pɔsin nɔ gɛt infɛkshɔn we ɔda kayn H. influenzae kin kam wit. Fɔ mek yu nɔ gɛt ɔda kayn H. influenzae, kip yu pikin in an klin ɛn kip am fa frɔm pipul dɛn we sik. Tich yu pikin aw fɔ was in an we i yɔŋ.
Wetin kin apin if mi pikin gɛt Emophilus influenzae?
di prכgnosis fכ H. influenzae infεkshכn dipכnt pan di kayn εn di siriכs kכndyushכn fכ yu pikin. If dɛn no di sik ɛn trit am kwik , yu pikin in dɔktɔ kin kɔntrol di sik.
Bɔt ivin wit antibayɔtik, sɔm H. influenzae infɛkshɔn kin mek prɔblɛm dɛn we go de fɔ lɔng tɛm . Fɔ ɛgzampul, pikin kin lɔs in an ɛn fut bikɔs ɔf infɛkshɔn na in blɔd. Na lɛk 20% pan di pipul dɛm wae gɛt mɛningaytis (inflammation of the bren) kin gɛt pɔrmɛnt fɔ yɛri ɔr ɔda nyurolɔjik prɔblɛm. Bitwin 3% ɛn 6% pan ɔl di pikin dɛn we gɛt Hib infɛkshɔn kin day bikɔs ɔf di sik.
Na dat mek wi se fɔ gɛt vaysin rili impɔtant . Dɔn bak, fɔ go to dɔktɔ jɔs lɛk aw yu notis di sayn dɛn, dat kin sev yu layf.
Ustɛm mi pikin fɔ go to dɔktɔ?
If yu pikin sho ɛni sayn fɔ se i gɛt H. influenzae, yu fɔ kɛr am go to dɔktɔ wantɛm wantɛm . Fɔ no di sik ɛn tritmɛnt kwik kwik wan impɔtant fɔ dɛn baktriyal infɛkshɔn ya.
Fɔ dɔn, tin dɛn fɔ mɛmba (Take-Home Message) .
di baktri dεm `Haemophilus influenzae` kin mek difrεn sik dεm, frכm sכm sכm, simpul infεkshכn dεm to rili siriכs, layf de pan denja. Di bɛst we fɔ mek dɛn nɔ gɛt dɛn sik ya na fɔ gi yu vaysin . Di CDC (Wɔl Ɛlth Ɔganayzeshɔn) se yu pikin fɔ gɛt di vaysin agens di kayn `Haemophilus influenzae` we kɔmɔn pas ɔl, tayp b (`Hib`). I de bak insay di nashɔnal vaksin program na Sri Lanka.
If yu pikin de sho simptom dɛm fɔ wan `H. influenzae` infection, nɔ west tɛm ɛn go to dɔktɔ wantɛm wantɛm . Di kwik we yu pikin gɛt tritmɛnt, na di mɔ i go bɛtɛ fɔ mek i wɛl ɛn fɔ mek i nɔ day. As mama ɛn papa, i rili impɔtant fɔ mek wi de wach ɔltɛm bɔt wi pikin dɛn wɛlbɔdi.
` Haemophilus influenzae, Hib, baktriyal infεkshכn, pikin sik dεm, vaksin, mεningaytis, nyumonia
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