Lɛ wi jɔs lan bɔt di smɔl smɔl mɛsenja dɛn na wi bɔdi: (Neurotransmitters)?

Aw di bɔdi? Sɔntɛnde, yu kin rili gladi, ɛn ɔda tɛm dɛn yu kin fil bad ɔ vɛks, nɔto so? Ɔ dɛn dɔn ɛva lɛf yu de skrach yu ed afta yu fɔgɛt sɔntin we yu bin stɔdi tranga wan fɔ na ɛgzam? Ɔl dɛn tin ya na bikɔs ɔf di smɔl bɔt rili impɔtant mɛsenja dɛn we de wok insay wi bɔdi. Wi go tɔk bɔt dɛn tide.

Wetin na dɛn tin ya (Nyurotransmitta)?

Fɔ tɔk am simpul wan, nyurotransmita na wan kayn kemikal mɛsenja we wi bɔdi nid . Dɛn tan lɛk smɔl bɔbɔ dɛn we de wok na wi bɔdi in post ɔfis. di wok we dεn de du na fכ kכri kεmikכl signal כ mεsej frכm wan nεv sεl (nyuron) to di nεks tכgεt sεl. dis sεl we dεn tכk bכt kin bi כda nεv sεl, כ i kin bi mכsul sεl כ gland.

Wi bɔdi dɛn kɔba wit wan nɛtwɔk we gɛt nerv dɛn. Wi kin kɔl dis di nervɔs sistɛm . I tan lɛk wan nɛtwɔk we gɛt ilɛktrik waya dɛn we de rɔn na di kɔntri. Dis nervɔs sistɛm de sɛn ɛn gɛt ilɛktrik signal to ɛn frɔm ɔl pat na wi bɔdi. I nɔ jɔs de kɔntrol wetin yu de tink, aw yu de fil, aw yu mɔsul dɛn de muv, bɔt i de kɔntrol bak aw yu ɔgan dɛn de wok. In ɔda wɔd, dɛn nerv ya de involv pan ɔltin we yu de du, tink, ɛn fil. Wi nεv sεl dεm de gεt εn sεnd infכmeshכn frכm כlsay na di bכdi. Dis chenj we dɛn kin chenj ɔltɛm na in kin ɛp fɔ mek di bɔdi wok fayn fayn wan.

Wetin di nεv dεm εn nyurotransmit dεm de kכntro na wi bכdi?

Naw luk aw bɔku tin dɛn ya we dɛn smɔl mɛsenja ya de du:

• I de kɔntrol yu at rit ɛn blɔd prɛshɔn .
• I de ɛp yu fɔ blo .
• Dɛn kin mek bak di mɔsul dɛn we de muv fayn fayn wan.
• Dɛn kin rili afɛkt di we aw yu de tink, mɛmba tin, aw yu de lan, ɛn aw yu de fil . Tink bɔt am, sɔntɛnde wi kin rili gladi, ɔda tɛm wi kin fil bad, fred. Dɛn de put an pan ɔl dɛn tin ya.
• I de kɔntrol bak aw pɔsin kin slip, aw wund kin wɛl, ɛn aw pɔsin kin ol .
• Na dɛn kin disayd aw pɔsin kin gɛt strɛs . Dɛn pipul ya kin ɛp wit di we aw di bɔdi kin ansa we pɔsin de fred ɔ wɔri.
• I de rigul di ɔmon dɛn .
• I de kɔntrol di we aw pɔsin de digest, angri, ɛn tɔsti .
• Na dɛn wan ya de ansa wi fayv sɛns dɛm (we de si, yɛri, fil, tɔch, ɛn test).

Aw di nyurotransmitta dɛn de wok?

Bɔku bɔku nerv sɛl dɛn de na wi bɔdi. I nɔ pɔsibul fɔ biliv, nɔto so? If yu tek dis nεv sεl, i gεt tri men pat dεm:

• di sεl bכdi: dis rili imכtant fכ mek nyurotransmit dεm εn fכ mek di nεv sεl wok fayn fayn wan.
• aksכn: na pat pan di nyuron we lεk lכng tel we de kכri ilektrikal signal dεm along di nyuron to di aksכn tεminal.
• Akson tɛminal: .Dis na di say we da ilɛktrik mɛsej de kin bi kemikal mɛsej. Dis na (Nyurotransmitta) de ɛp am. Dɔn dɛn kin sɛn dis kemikal mɛsej to di nɛks nɛv sɛl, mɔsul sɛl, ɔ gland.

di nyurotransmit dεm de na di εnd pan di nεv sεl in aksכn. Dɛn kin kip dɛn insay smɔl smɔl sak dɛn we gɛt tint wɔl we dɛn kɔl sinaptik vɛsikul dɛn . wan sak kin gεt tכn tכn nyurotransmit mכlikul dεm. Tink bɔt am lɛk smɔl smɔl paket dɛn.

Naw, we mɛsej ɔ signal de travul along wan nɛv sɛl, di ilɛktrik chaj we de insay da signal de de mek di nyurotransmitta tay di mɛmbran na di nɛv sɛl, rayt na di ɛnd pan di sɛl. afta dat, di nyurotransmit dεm we de kכri di mεsej naw de kכmכt na di aksכn tεminal. dis de kכmכt na sכmכl spεs we fulכp wit wata bitwin wan nεv sεl εn di nεks tכgεt sεl (we kin bi כda nεv sεl, mכsul sεl, כ gland). dis spεs rili sכm, i less dan 40 nanomita (nm). If yu tink bɔt aw dis ples smɔl, wan strɛch na yu ia wayd lɛk 75,000 nanomita.

dis sכmכl spεs dεn kכl am di sinaptik jכnkshכn . Dis na di say we di nyurotransmitta dεm de kכri di mεsej. εvri tכp nyurotransmitta de biεn to wan spεsifi k rεsεp כta na di tכgεt sεl. Jɔs lɛk aw dɛn kin jɔs opin ki bay we dɛn fit am insay wan patikyula ki ol. we dεn tay, di nyurotransmitta de trigεr chenj כ akshכn na di tכgεt sεl. Fɔ ɛgzampul, i kin mek ɔda nɛv sɛl faya ilɛktrik signal, wan mɔsul kɔntrakt, ɔ wan gland pul ɔmon.

Us kayn mɛsej di nyurotransmitta dɛn kin sɛn to di sɛl we dɛn want?

dis mεsenja dεm כ nyurotransmit dεm de du wan pan tri men akshכn dεm wit dεn mεsej dεm, i dipכnt pan di kayn nyurotransmitta dεm we de insay.

• εksayz mεsej dεm: dεn kayn nyurotransmit dεm ya de "eksayt" wan nεv sεl εn " pas di mεsej pan ." Dat min se di mɛsej de go na di nɛks sɛl. Sɔm ɛgzampul dɛn na Glutamate , Epinephrine, ɛn Norepinephrine .
• Inhibitory messages: Dɛn kin yuz dɛn tin ya fɔ stɔp ɔ blok di kemikal mɛsej fɔ go fa fawe. εgzampl dεm fכ dεn nyurotransmit dεm ya na gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) , glycine, εn sεrotonin.
• mכduletכri mεsej dεm: dεn (nyurotransmitta dεm) de infכlכ di ifekt dεm we כda kεmikכl mεsεn dεm de gi. Lɛk "chenj dɛn smɔl." Dat min se dɛn kin mek smɔl smɔl chenj dɛn to di we aw di sɛl dɛn kin tɔk to dɛnsɛf na di sinaps. Dɔn bak, dɛn kin afɛkt bɔku bɔku nerv sɛl dɛn di sem tɛm.

Wetin kin apin to di nyurotransmitta dεm afta dεn dכn gi di mεsej?

Okay, naw di nyurotransmit dεm dכn delivεr dεn mεsej. Wetin kin apin afta dat? dis mכlikul dεm fכ kכmכt na da sinaptik sεl de (di spεs bitwin wan nεv sεl εn in nεks tכgεt sεl). If nɔto dat, dɛn go jɔs kɔntinyu fɔ sɛn mɛsej, nɔto so? Dis kin apin tri men we dɛn:

• Dɛn kin dɔn smɔl smɔl (diffusion) .
• di sem nεv sεl we pul dεm de abzכp dεm bak εn yuz dεm bak (reuptake) , lεk se dεn de risaykul dεm.
• di εnzym dεm we de insay di sinaps de brok am dכn (dεgradashכn) , we de mek i nכ ebul fכ biεn di rεsεpכta sεl bak.

Ɔmɔs kayn nyurotransmitta dɛn de?

Naw sayɛnsman dɛn dɔn fɛn at le 100 kayn nyurotransmitta dɛn. Ɛn dɛn biliv se bɔku ɔda tin dɛn de we dɛn fɔ fɛn. Dɛn kin sheb dɛn akɔdin to di kemikal we dɛn gɛt. Naw lɛ wi luk sɔm pan di impɔtant kategori dɛm we wi kin yɛri bɔt bɔku tɛm, ɛgzampul dɛm fɔ nyurotransmitta dɛm we na dɛn yon, ɛn di wok we dɛn de du.

Amino asid dɛn (Nyurotransmitta dɛn) .

dis dεm (nyurotransmitta dεm) de involv insay bכku wok dεm na wi nεv sεstem.

• Glutamate: Dis na di men nyurotransmitta na wi nεv sεstem. I kin bɔku mɔ na di bren. I impɔtant fɔ impɔtant kɔgnitiv wok dɛm lɛk fɔ tink, lan, ɛn mɛmba. Dɛn dɔn tɔk se we di glutamate lɛvɛl nɔ balans, dat kin mek pɔsin gɛt Alzaima , dis maynia sik , Pakinsin sik, ɛn we pɔsin kin gɛt sik .
• Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA): GABA na di men inhibitory nyurotransmitta na wi nεv sεstem, spεshal wan na di bren. I de mek di bren wok fayn ɛn i de mek prɔblɛm dɛn lɛk fɔ wɔri , fɔ vɛks , fɔ nɔ ebul fɔ pe atɛnshɔn, fɔ nɔ ebul fɔ slip, fɔ gɛt ɛpilepshi, ɛn fɔ gɛt pwɛl hat .
• Glycine: Glycine na di men inhibitory nyurotransmitta na wi spεnal kכd. glycine de involv fכ proכses di כditory infכmeshכn, di pen transmishכn, εn di rεgulεshכn fכ mεtabolism.

Monoamines (Nyurotransmitta dɛn) .

dis dεm (Nyurotransmitta dεm) de du bכku difrεn wok dεm na wi nεv sεstem, spεshal wan na di bren. Dɛn kin rigul di we aw pɔsin de tink, aw i de si tin, aw i de pe atɛnshɔn, ɛn aw i de fil. bכku dizכrd dεm na di nεv sεstem de riliyt to abnכmaliti dεm na dεn monoamines dεm (Neurotransmitters). Dɔn bak, bɔku pan di mɛrɛsin dɛn we wi kin yuz kin afɛkt dɛn wan ya (Neurotransmitters).

• Serotonin: Serotonin na nyurotransmitta. Serotonin de ɛp fɔ mek wi no aw wi de fil, aw wi de slip, aw wi de du mami ɛn dadi biznɛs, aw wi de wɔri, aw wi want fɔ it, ɛn aw wi de fil pen. Di sik dɛm we gɛt fɔ du wit sɛrotonin imbalans inklud:Sizin afɛktiv disɔda, wɔri, pwɛl hat, fibromyalgia, ɛn pen we nɔ de dɔn. Dɛn kɔl di mɛrɛsin dɛn we de trit dɛn sik ya bay we dɛn de kɔntrol di sɛrotonin SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) ɛn SNRI (Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors) .
• Histamine: Histamine de kɔntrol tin dɛm lɛk fɔ wek, fɔ it, ɛn fɔ mek yu want fɔ du sɔntin na di bɔdi. Histamin de involv pan tin dεm lεk asma , brכnkospasm, mכkus εdima, εn mכltipl sklεrosis .
• Dopamine: Dopamine de involv insay wi bɔdi in "riwɔd sistɛm." Dis min se yu fɔ fil gladi, yu go gɛt bɔku tin fɔ du, ɛn yu fɔ lan. Dopamine de ɛp bak fɔ pe atɛnshɔn, fɔ mɛmba, fɔ slip, fɔ fil, ɛn fɔ mek pɔsin want fɔ du sɔntin. Di sik dɛm wae gɛt fɔ du wit disfɔnkshɔn na di dopamin sistɛm inklud Pakinsin sik , skizofrenia , bipola sik , rɛstlɛs leg sindrom , ɛn atɛnshɔn dɛfisit haypa aktiviti disɔda (ADHD) . Bɔku drɔgs dɛn we kin mek pɔsin adikshɔn (lɛk kɔkɛyn, mɛtamfɛtamin, ɛn amfɛtamin) kin afɛkt di dopamin sistɛm dairekt wan.
• Epinephrine: Epinephrine (dεn kin kכl am bak adrenaline) εn norepinephrine (mכr bכt dis dεn dכn) na dεn kin trig wi bכdi in " fight-or-flight response " to frayd εn strεs. Dɛn nyurotransmitta ya de mek wi at rit, brith, blɔd prɛshɔn, blɔd shuga, blɔd flɔ to mɔsul, ɛn wi ebul fɔ pe atɛnshɔn ɛn riak to difrɛn tin dɛn we de mek wi strɛs. Tumɔs epinephrine kin mek yu gɛt wɛl bɔdi prɔblɛm lɛk ay blɔd prɛshɔn, dayabitis, ɛn at sik. As mɛrɛsin, dɛn kin yuz epinephrine fɔ mɛn anafilaksis (we kin gɛt siriɔs alɛji), asma atak, at atak, ɛn siriɔs infɛkshɔn.
• Norepinephrine: Norepinephrine (we dɛn kin kɔl bak noradrenaline) kin mek blɔd prɛshɔn ɛn at rit go ɔp. Dɛn no am fɔ in ifɛkt pan fɔ wach, fɔ wek, fɔ disayd, fɔ pe atɛnshɔn, ɛn fɔ pe atɛnshɔn. Bɔrku mɛrɛsin (stimulant ɛn antidipreshan) kin woke bay wae dɛn kin inkrisayz di norepinephrine lɛvɛl fɔ impɔtant atɛnshɔn pan kɔndishɔn lɛk ADHD, ɔr bay we dɛn kin chenj norepinephrine fɔ ridyus di sayn dɛm fɔ pwɛl hat.

Pɛptid (Nyurotransmitta dɛn) .

Pεptida na wan kayn polimכr, כ chen, fכ amino asid dεm.

• Ɛndɔfin dɛn:Ɛndɔfin na wi bɔdi in natura l pen kil. Dɛn kin afɛkt di we aw wi kin fil pen. we di εndofin dεm kכmכt, i de ridyus di pen εn mek yu fil "fil gud" . di lכw lεvεl dεm fכ εndorfin kin kכl fכ fibromyalgia εn sכm kayn ed pen.

Asetilkolin we dɛn kɔl

dis nyurotransmitta de du bכku wok na wi sεntri nεv sεstem (CNS - bren εn spεnal kכd) εn pεriferal nεv sεstem (nεv dεm we de kכmכt kכmכt frכm di sεntri nεv sεstem). Asetylcholine de kכmכt frכm bכku nεv dεm na wi כtonom nεv sεstem, we de kכntro di at rεt, bכdi prεshכn, εn di bכdi muvmεnt. Acetylcholine de involv fɔ mek di mɔsul dɛn kɔntrakt, fɔ mɛmba, fɔ mek pɔsin want fɔ du mami ɛn dadi biznɛs, fɔ slip, ɛn fɔ lan. Di nɔ balans na di asɛtilkolin lɛvɛl kin gɛt fɔ du wit wɛlbɔdi prɔblɛm lɛk Alzaima sik , ɛpilepsi, ɛn mɔsul dɛn we kin spam.

Wetin na di rizin dɛn we mek nyurotransmit nɔ de wok fayn?

Bɔrku tin kin go rɔng ɛn mek di nyurotransmitta nɔr de wok fayn. Bɔku tɛm, sɔm prɔblɛm dɛn de we tan lɛk dɛn wan ya:

• Tumɔs ɔ tu smɔl prodakshɔn ɔ rilis fɔ wan ɔ mɔ nyurotransmitta.
• di rεsεpכta na di sεl (nεv, mכsul, כ gland) we de gεt di mεsej nכ de wok fayn . afta dat, ivin di nyurotransmit we de wok nכmal wan nכ kin ebul fכ signal di nεks sεl fayn fayn wan.
• inflameshn εn damej pan di sinaptik cleft de mek di sεl rεsεpכta dεm nכ de gεt inof nyurotransmitta dεm (egzampl: wan kכndyushכn we dεn kכl myasthenia gravis ).
• (Nyurotransmitta) Riptek kwik kwik wan .
• di εnzym dεm de limited di amoun fכ nyurotransmitta dεm , we de ridyus dεn pasεj to di tכgεt sεl.

Nyurotransmitta kin afɛkt bay prɔblɛm wit ɔda pat dɛm na di nervɔs sistɛm, sik dɛm wae dɔn de, ɔr mɛrɛsin wae yu de tek. Dɔn bak, we di nyurotransmitta dɛn nɔ de wok fayn, sik kin kam. Fɔ ɛgzampul:

• If yu nɔ gɛt bɛtɛ asɛtilkolin, dat kin mek yu nɔ ebul fɔ mɛmba tin we yu kin si pan di sik we dɛn kɔl Alzaima .
• di sεrotonin lεvεl we pasmak kin kכnεkt wit כtizm spεktrum dizכrd .
• כl di glutamate aktiviti we de inkrεs כ we di GABA aktiviti dכn kin mek di nyuron dεm na di bren fכ faya wan wan, we kin mek i sik .
• di inkrεs aktiviti fכ norepinephrine εn dopamine εn abnכmaliti dεm na glutamate transmish כn de mek mania.I de ɛp fɔ mek di tin apin.

Aw mɛrɛsin kin afɛkt di akshɔn we di nyurotransmitta dɛn de du?

Sayɛnsman dɛn dɔn no di valyu ɛn di wok we nyurotransmitta dɛn de du na wi nervɔs sistɛm. Dɛn dɔn no bak se i impɔtant fɔ mek mɛrɛsin dɛn we go afɛkt dɛn kemikal mɛsenja ya fɔ trit bɔku wɛlbɔdi prɔblɛm dɛn. Bɔku mɛrɛsin dɛn, mɔ di wan dɛn we de mɛn sik dɛn na di bren, kin wok bay we dɛn kin afɛkt di nyurotransmitta dɛn difrɛn we dɛn.

Tink bɔt am, sɔm drɔgs tan lɛk trafik polis ɔfisa dɛn. Sɔntɛnde dɛn kin lɔk rod fɔ mek trafik nɔ bɔku, sɔntɛnde dɛn kin mek motoka pas. Drugs de du di sem tin wit nyurotransmitta.

Di mɛrɛsin dɛn kin:

• blכk di εnzym we de brok dכn wan nyurotransmitta, we de alaw mכr pan da nyurotransmitta de fכ rich di nεv rεsεpכta dεm.
• fכ egzampl: Donepezil, Galantamine, εn Rivastigmine de blכk di εnzym acetylcholinesterase, we de brok dכn di nyurotransmitta acetylcholine. Dɛn kin yuse dɛn mɛrɛsin ya fɔ mek pipul dɛn we gɛt Alzaima sik ɛn ɔda nyurodijɛnɛraytiv dizayd dɛn, stebul ɛn impruv mɛmori ɛn kɔgnitiv wok.

• blכk di nyurotransmit fכ rich in rεsεpכta sayt.
• εgzampl: SSRI dεm (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) na wan klas כf mεdikeshכn dεm we de blכk di riuptek fכ sεrotonin insay di nεv sεl dεm. Dɛn mɛrɛsin ya kin ɛp fɔ mɛn pwɛl hat, wɔri, ɛn ɔda tin dɛn we kin mek pɔsin gɛt maynd prɔblɛm.

• blכk di rilis fכ wan nyurotransmitta frכm wan nεv sεl.
• Example: Lithium, na wan mɛrɛsin wae dɛn kin yuse fɔ trit mania, kin woke bay wae i kin blok di rilis fɔ norepinephrine, to sɔm mak. Dɛn kin yuse am fɔ trit bipola muud disɔda .

Di tin we impɔtant pas ɔl fɔ mek yu mɛmba (Take-Home Message) .

So, yu go dɔn ɔndastand se nyurotransmitta dɛn na impɔtant smɔl mɛsenja dɛn we de involv pan ɔlmost ɛvri wok we wi bɔdi de du. Fɔ tɔk am simpul wan, na dɛn na di kemikal mɛsenja dɛn we de kɛr di mɛsej fɔ wan nɛv frɔm wan nɛv sɛl to di ɔda wan. If wi nɔ gɛt nyurotransmitta, wi bɔdi nɔ go ebul fɔ wok.

Tumɔs ɔ tumɔs smɔl pan wan patikyula nyurotransmit kin mek yu gɛt difrɛn wɛlbɔdi prɔblɛm dɛn. Bɔrku pan di mɛrɛsin dɛm wae wi kin tek kin woke fɔ mek dɛn nyurotransmitta ya bɔku ɔr nɔr de woke.

So if yu gɛt ɛni prɔblɛm wit yu maynd, yu nɔ de mɛmba fayn, yu nɔ de slip, ɔ if yu notis se yu de biev chenj, nɔ shem fɔ tɔk to dɔktɔ. i kin bi bikoz fכ chenj na di fכnshכn fכ dεn wan dεm (nyurotransmitta dεm). Di rayt tritmɛnt dɛn de fɔ dat.

A op se if yu no bɔt dɛn wɔndaful kemikal mɛsenja dɛn ya na yu bɔdi, dat go ɛp yu fɔ ɔndastand yu wɛlbɔdi mɔ!

` Nyurotransmitta dεm, bren, nεv sεstem, kεmikכl mεsenja dεm, mεntal hεlth, imyushכn dεm