Omanyi ku mubaka ono omuto mu mubiri gwo? (Obusimu obukola ku mubiri (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) - ACTH)

Wali weebuuzizzaako kiki ekibaawo munda mu mubiri gwo ng’oli ku situleesi oba ng’owulira puleesa nnyingi? Omubiri gwaffe gulina akakwate akatono ke tutalaba nga katuyamba mu biseera nga bino. Ayitibwa ACTH. Leero, tugenda kwogera ku ACTH eno.

ACTH kye ki?

Mu ngeri ennyangu, ACTH busimu obukolebwa endwadde yo ey’omubiri (pituitary gland). Kikola kinene mu ngeri omubiri gwo gye gukwatamu situleesi . ACTH bw’efuluma, ekola akabonero ku nnywanto zo ez’omu kibumba okukola cortisol, ffenna gye tumanyi nga “obusimu obukola ku situleesi,” n’ekibinja ky’obusimu bw’okwegatta obuyitibwa androgens.

Kati osanga weebuuza obusimu buno kye ki, nedda? Obusimu ddagala erikwataganya emirimu egy’enjawulo mu mubiri gwo. Balinga ababaka. Obubaka buno buyita mu musaayi gwo okutuuka mu bitundu byo, olususu, ebinywa n’ebitundu ebirala. Obubonero buno butegeeza omubiri gwo eky’okukola ne ddi lw’olina okukikola.

Ensigo yo eya pituitary gland ntono eringa entangawuuzi esangibwa wansi w’obwongo bwo, wansi ddala w’ekitundu kya hypothalamus. Kitundu ku nkola yo ey’omubiri (endocrine system). Ensigo y’omubiri (pituitary gland) erina ebitundu bibiri: ekitundu eky’omu maaso n’eky’emabega. Ensigo yo ey’omu maaso (anterior pituitary gland) y’ekola n’okufulumya ACTH.

Kiki ekituufu ekibaawo ku ACTH?

Omulimu omukulu ogwa ACTH kwe kusitula endwadde zo ez’omu kibumba okufulumya obusimu obuyitibwa cortisol. Kilowoozeeko nga ACTH eringa commanding officer bw’agamba adrenal glands zo okukola cortisol.

Cortisol busimu bukulu nnyo emibiri gyaffe bwe gyetaaga. Bukwata kumpi buli kitundu n’ebitundu by’omubiri mu mubiri. Cortisol emanyiddwa nga “obusimu obukola ku situleesi,” naye mu butuufu erina emirimu emirala mingi emikulu mu mibiri gyaffe.

Bino bye bimu ku bintu ebikulu ku cortisol:

• Ggwe ofuga engeri omubiri gwo gye gukwatamu situleesi .
• Kiyamba okufuga engeri omubiri gwo gye gukozesaamu amasavu, puloteyina, ne kaboni, kwe kugamba, enkyukakyuka mu mubiri gwo .
• Okuzimba , ekitegeeza okuzimba n’okumyuuka mu bitundu by’omubiri eby’enjawulo, bikendeera.
• Atereeza puleesa .
• Atereeza ssukaali mu musaayi .
• Era kiyamba okutereeza enzirukanya y’otulo n’okuzuukuka .

Si kino kyokka, ACTH ekola ekirala. Kwe kugamba, kisitula endwadde z’ekibumba okufulumya obusimu bw’okwegatta obuyitibwa androgens. Okugatta ku ekyo, ACTH eyamba okukola eddagala eriyamba okukola obusimu obusingako, gamba nga adrenaline ne noradrenaline.

Emiwendo gya ACTH gifugibwa gitya?

Emiwendo gya ACTH mu mubiri gwo gifugibwa enkola eyeesigika ennyo. Kiyitibwa enkola y’okuddamu. Kizingiramu ekitundu kyo ekiyitibwa hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, n’obusimu obumu. Enkola eno yonna tugiyita ekisiki kya Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) . Kiwulikika nga kizibu katono, si bwe kiri? Naye kyangu.

Teebereza nti endwadde yo ey’omu lubuto (pituitary gland) eyungibwa ku hypothalamus yo n’akakuta akatono ak’emisuwa n’obusimu. Kino kiyitibwa ekikolo ky’omubiri ekiyitibwa pituitary stalk. Okuyita mu kikolo kino, hypothalamus w’ewuliziganya n’endwadde ya pituitary gland n’egigamba okufulumya obusimu obumu. Hypothalamus yo kitundu kya bwongo bwo ekifuga ebintu nga puleesa, okukuba kw’omutima, ebbugumu ly’omubiri, n’okugaaya emmere.

Endwadde z’ekibumba (adrenal glands) zino nnywanto bbiri entonotono eziriko enjuyi essatu ezisangibwa waggulu w’ensigo zo.

Kati ka tulabe engeri enkola eno ey’okuddamu efugira emitendera gya ACTH gy’ekola:

• Omuwendo gwa cortisol mu mubiri gwo bwe gukendeera, hypothalamus yo efulumya obusimu obuyitibwa Corticotrophin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) .
• CRH eno esitula ekitundu kyo eky’omu maaso (anterior pituitary lobe) okufulumya ACTH.
• ACTH olwo esitula endwadde zo ez’omu kibumba naddala ekitundu ky’omubiri ekiyitibwa adrenal cortex okufulumya cortisol ne androgens.
• Emiwendo gya cortisol bwe gyeyongera bwe giti, esindika akabonero okudda mu hypothalamus okukendeeza ku miwendo gya CRH. Era bwe kityo enzirukanya y’emalirizibwa. Kiringa 'sswiiki ya on-off' .

Si kino kyokka, bw’oba ​​olina situleesi , kwe kugamba, ng’olina situleesi mu birowoozo, okukola ACTH kusikirizibwa era emiwendo gya cortisol gyeyongera.

Kyokka singa wabaawo ekizibu ku nseke zo ez’omubiri (hypothalamus, pituitary gland), oba endwadde z’ekibumba, bbalansi y’obusimu obukwatibwako mu nkola eno, kwe kugamba ACTH, eyinza okutaataaganyizibwa.

Okebera otya emiwendo gya ACTH?

Okukebera omusaayi kukolebwa okukebera emiwendo gya ACTH gyo. Kino kizingiramu okuggya akatundu akatono ak’omusaayi mu musuwa oguli mu mukono gwo.

Abasawo batera okulagira okukeberebwa cortisol wamu n’okukeberebwa ACTH okuzuula oba waliwo obuzibu ku nseke oba endwadde z’ekibumba.

Ate era, abasawo oluusi bayinza okukola ekintu ekiyitibwa ACTH stimulation test . Kino kikebera engeri endwadde zo ez’omu kibumba gye zikwatamu ACTH. Kino era kiyinza okuyamba okuzuula obuzibu ku nnywanto z’omubiri (pituitary) ne/oba ez’omubiri (adrenal glands).

Omutindo gwa ACTH ogwa bulijjo gwe guliwa?

Okufaananako ne cortisol, omuwendo gwa ACTH mu musaayi gwo gutera okuba waggulu ku makya ennyo. Kikendeera mpolampola ng’olunaku lugenda luyitawo, ne kituuka ku ddaala lyagwo erya wansi nga mu ttumbi. Wabula singa okola ssifiiti y’ekiro n’osula mu biseera eby’enjawulo mu lunaku, enkola eno eyinza okukyuka.

N’olwekyo, okukebera ACTH ebiseera ebisinga kyetaagisa okuggyibwako omusaayi ku makya. Okutwaliza awamu, omuwendo ogwa bulijjo ogw’emiwendo gya ACTH wakati w’essaawa 7:00 a.m. ne 10:00 a.m. guli 7.2 ku 63.3 picograms buli mililita (7.2 ku 63.3 pg/mL) .

Naye jjukira ekintu kimu. Ebitundu bino ebya bulijjo bisobola okwawukana okuva ku laabu okudda ku ndala, oluusi n’oluusi, n’okuva ku muntu okudda ku mulala. Bw’oba ​​olina okukeberebwa ACTH, omusawo wo y’ajja okusoma ebyavaamu n’akubuulira oba kyetaagisa okwongera okukeberebwa oba nedda.

Kiki ekibaawo singa emiwendo gya ACTH gyeyongera?

Singa emiwendo gya ACTH gyo giba mingi, kiyinzika okuba nti n’emiwendo gya cortisol gyo giba mingi. Olw’okuba cortisol ekosa omubiri mu ngeri nnyingi, oyinza okufuna ebizibu ebiva mu cortisol omungi okusinga obubonero bwa ACTH omungi. Mu mbeera ezimu, endwadde zo ez’omu kibumba bwe ziba tezikola cortisol emala, emiwendo gya ACTH giyinza okweyongera. Mu mbeera ezo, oyinza okufuna obubonero bw’obusimu obuyitibwa cortisol obutono, so si ACTH omungi.

Waliwo ensonga eziwerako eziyinza okuvaako emiwendo gya ACTH okulinnya:

• Obulwadde bwa Cushing: Buno bwe businga okuvaako emiwendo gya ACTH okulinnya. Kino kiva ku kizimba ekitali kya kookolo (adenoma) mu nseke z’omubiri ekiyitibwa pituitary gland ekikola ACTH ekisusse. Kino olwo kireetera emiwendo gya cortisol okweyongera. Kikulu okutegeera enjawulo eriwo wakati w’obulwadde bwa Cushing n’obulwadde bwa Cushing . Obulwadde bwa Cushing bwe bumu ku bintu bingi ebivaako obulwadde bwa Cushing.
• Ekizimba ky’obusimu obuyitibwa ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone tumor: Tekitera nnyo, ekizimba ekikula ebweru w’endwadde yo ey’omubiri (pituitary gland) kiyinza okufulumya ACTH omungi ennyo. Ebizimba ebiyinza okukola ACTH mu ngeri eno (wadde nga tebitera nnyo) mulimu ebizimba bya kookolo eby’amawuggwe ebitali bya kookolo, ebizimba by’obutoffaali bw’ebizinga eby’olubuto, kookolo w’omubiri (medullary carcinoma of the thyroid), ebizimba by’obutoffaali obutono obw’amawuggwe, n’ebizimba by’endwadde ya thymus .
• Primary adrenal insufficiency: Embeera eno ebaawo nga waliwo ekintu ekyonoonye endwadde zo ez’ekibumba era nga tezisobola kukola bulungi cortisol. Obulwadde bwa AddisonKino kye kisinga okuvaako obuzibu bw’ekibumba obusookerwako. N’ekyavaamu, endwadde yo eya pituitary efulumya ACTH nnyingi kubanga eyagala okusitula endwadde z’ekibumba.

Kiki ekibaawo singa emiwendo gya ACTH gikendeera?

Singa emiwendo gya ACTH giba mitono olw’ekizibu ekiri mu nseke, ebiseera ebisinga emiwendo gya cortisol nagyo gijja kuba wansi. Wabula singa emiwendo gya cortisol giba mingi olw’ekizibu ekiri mu nseke z’ekibumba, emiwendo gya ACTH giyinza okuba wansi.

Waliwo ensonga eziwerako lwaki emiwendo gya ACTH giyinza okuba wansi:

• Obulwadde bwa Cushing: Obulwadde bwa Cushing, obuyinza okuva ku kizimba ky’endwadde z’ekibumba oba okukozesa eddagala lya corticosteroid okumala ebbanga eddene ku mbeera endala, busobola okuleeta emiwendo gya ACTH okutono. Kino kiri bwe kityo kubanga enseke yo eya pituitary tesobola kufulumya ACTH mu ngeri eya bulijjo olw’ekirungo kya cortisol ekisukkiridde.
• Hypopituitarism: Eno embeera etali ya bulijjo nnyo. Kino kye kiseera enseke yo ey’omu lubuto lw’efulumya obusimu butono nnyo ku busimu bumu, obuwerako oba bwonna. ACTH y’emu ku busimu obuyinza okukosebwa. Okwonooneka kwonna ku nseke yo, gamba ng’ekizimba, okulongoosebwa oba obujjanjabi obw’amasannyalaze, kiyinza okuvaako obulwadde bw’okukendeera kw’ennywanto.

We tutuukidde kati osanga okitegedde nti ACTH yeetaagibwa nnyo mu kulungamya emiwendo gyo egya cortisol. Bw’oba ​​olaba obubonero bw’ekirungo kya cortisol ekinene oba ekitono, gamba ng’okugejja oba okugejja, puleesa okulinnya oba okukka, kakasa nti olaba omusawo wo. Asobola okukebera omusaayi gwa cortisol ne ACTH okuzuula oba endwadde zo ez’omu kibumba oba enseke z’omubiri (pituitary gland) ze zikuviirako obubonero.

Kale bintu ki bye tulina okujjukira?

ACTH busimu bukulu nnyo obukolebwa enseke y’omubiri (pituitary gland) eyamba okufuga situleesi mu mubiri gwaffe.

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- Kino kye kisitula endwadde z'ekibumba okukola "stress hormone" cortisol .

- Cortisol efuga ebintu bingi, gamba ng’enkyukakyuka yaffe, puleesa, ne ssukaali mu musaayi.

- Emiwendo gya ACTH gifugibwa enkola enzibu ennyo erimu hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ne adrenal glands .

- Singa emiwendo gya ACTH gyeyongera oba ne gikendeera, kiyinza okuvaako obulwadde bwa Cushing, obulwadde bwa Addison.Ebizibu by‟obulamu eby‟enjawulo bisobola okubaawo.

- Bw’oba ​​olina obubonero bwonna ku nsonga eno, kirungi okugenda ew’omusawo awatali kutya n’ofuna amagezi.

` ACTH, Obusimu obuyitibwa Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Cortisol, Ensigo z’omu lubuto, Endwadde z’ekibumba, Obusimu, Situleesi