Ka tuyige ku ndwadde ezitegeeza mukenenya.

Ojjukira, oluusi bwe tulwala nga tetusuubira, twebuuza nti, "Obulwadde buno bwava wa?" Naddala ng’obusimu bw’omubiri obuziyiza endwadde butono, endwadde mangu okugezaako okuyingira mu mubiri. Leero tugenda kwogera ku ndwadde ezenjawulo eziwerako eziyinza okuvaayo nga tufunye akawuka akayitibwa `HIV` (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) era embeera eno yeeyongera katono, kwe kugamba, abamu bwe bagamba nti etuuka ku mutendera gwa mukenenya. Kino abasawo kye bayita `Endwadde ezitegeeza mukenenya (ADIs)`. Bino biringa amataala amamyufu, ekiraga nti abaserikale baffe abaserikale bafuuse banafu nnyo olw’obulwadde bwa `HIV` mu mubiri gwaffe.

Endwadde zino ezitegeeza mukenenya (ADIs) ze ziruwa?

Mu ngeri ennyangu, `ADIs` zino kookolo na ndwadde ezigwa mu kiti kya `Opportunistic Infections` eziyinza okubaawo nga obulwadde bwa `HIV` bufuuse bwa maanyi, kwe kugamba, ng'abaserikale b'omubiri baffe banafu nnyo.

Omanyi "opportunistic infections" kye ki? Kuba akafaananyi ng’oleka enzigi n’amadirisa gonna ag’ennyumba yo nga nzigule ate nga tewali bukuumi. Olwo omuntu yenna asobola bulungi okuyingira. Bwe kityo bwe kiri, abaserikale b’omubiri gwaffe bwe banafuwa olw’ekirungo kya `HIV`, n’obuwuka obutono ennyo mu budde obutuufu obutasobola kuleeta bulwadde mu muntu omulamu kyangu okufuna ‘omukisa’ okuyingira mu mubiri ne buleeta endwadde ennene. Ekyo kye tuyita `opportunistic infections`. Mu budde obutuufu obuwuka buno busobola okusangibwa mu mbeera gye tubeera, naye abaserikale b’omubiri gw’omuntu omulamu babulwanyisa ne babufuga.

Abasawo bakozesa omuwendo gw’obutoffaali bwa CD4 n’eddagala lino erya ADI okupima obuzibu bw’obulwadde bwa siriimu, kwe kugamba, we busaasaanidde n’obuzibu bwe buli. Obutoffaali buno obwa CD4 kitundu kikulu nnyo mu baserikale b’omubiri gwaffe, okufaananako n’abaserikale ba poliisi ab’enjawulo mu mibiri gyaffe. Akawuka ka siriimu kasaanyaawo obutoffaali buno obwa CD4. Kale, bw’oba ​​olina akawuka ka siriimu era ng’olina eddagala lino erya ADI, abasawo bayita omutendera ogw’okusatu ogw’okukwatibwa akawuka ka siriimu, nga guno gwe mukenenya.

Oluusi, omuntu bw’afuna `ADI` y’azuulibwa ng’alina `HIV`. Wabula kikulu okujjukira nti si buli muntu alina `ADI` nti alina `HIV`. Wadde nga `ADIs` ezimu zisinga kubeera mu bantu abalina `HIV` oba abo abalina abaserikale b'omubiri abanafuye, `ADIs` nnyingi nazo zisobola okubaawo mu bantu abalamu abatalina bulwadde bwonna obusirikitu. N’olwekyo, engeri esinga okumanya obulungi kwe kwekebeza omusawo.

Bika ki eby’endwadde ezitegeeza mukenenya (ADIs)?

Waliwo ebika eby'enjawulo ebya `ADIs` zino. Okusinga mulimu endwadde ezisiigibwa (fungal, bacterial, parasitic, viral infections), ebika bya kookolo ebimu, n’embeera ezimu ezikwata ku busimu. Ka tulabe kye bali.

Endwadde z’enkwaso

Abaserikale b’omubiri bwe banafuwa, obulwadde bwa ffene busobola bulungi okusaasaana mu mubiri gwo gwonna. Ebimu ku bino mulimu:

• Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP): Buno bulwadde bwa maanyi mu mawuggwe.
• Obulwadde bwa kandida mu nnyindo, mu nnywanto, mu nnyindo oba amawuggwe
• Coccidioidomycosis - okusaasaana/okuva ebweru w’amawuggwe
• Obulwadde bw’ekyenda obutawona (chronic intestinal cryptosporidiosis) obumala omwezi n’okusoba
• Obulwadde bwa Cryptococcosis - obuva ebweru w’amawuggwe
• Histoplasmosis - okusaasaana/okuva ebweru w’amawuggwe

Lowooza, abaserikale baffe abaserikale bwe baba ba maanyi, ffene ono tesobola kukola kinene. Naye abaserikale baffe abaserikale bwe banafuwa akawuka ka siriimu, batandika okuleeta obuzibu.

Yinfekisoni za Bakitiriya

Bakitiriya era basobola okuleeta yinfekisoni ez’enjawulo. Ebimu ku bulwadde bwa bakitiriya ebitwalibwa nga `ADIs` bye bino:

• Akafuba (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) eri abantu ab’emyaka 6 n’okudda waggulu: Buno bulwadde abantu bangi bwe bawuliddeko, era buyinza okukwata amawuggwe nga kw’otadde n’ebitundu by’omubiri ebirala.
• Yinfekisoni endala eza Mycobacterium ezisaasaanidde ebweru w’amawuggwe: Eby’okulabirako mulimu Mycobacterium kansasii ne Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC).
• Obulwadde bwa bakitiriya obuddirira mu baana abali wansi w’emyaka 6.
• Recurrent nontyphoid Salmonella septicemia: Mu kino, obulwadde bwa Salmonella buyingira mu musaayi ne busaasaana mu mubiri gwonna.

Yinfekisoni z’ebiwuka

Ebiwuka nabyo bisobola okuleeta `ADIs`. Eby’okulabirako:

• Obulwadde bwa Toxoplasmosis mu bwongo: Kyokka kino tekikwata ku baana abali wansi w’omwezi gumu.
• Obulwadde bw’ekyenda obutawona (chronic intestinal cystoisosporiasis) obumala omwezi n’okusoba

Endwadde z’akawuka

Akawuka ka siriimu nako kawuka. Ate era abaserikale b’omubiri bwe banafuwa, kiba kyangu akawuka akalala okulumba.

• Herpes simplex bronchitis, pneumonitis oba esophagitis: Kino nakyo tekikwata ku baana abali wansi w’omwezi gumu.
• Amabwa ga Herpes simplex agamala omwezi ogusukka mu gumu
• Obulwadde bwa cytomegalovirus: Mu bitundu ebirala ebitali kibumba, ennywanto, oba ennywanto (e.g., cytomegalovirus retinitis - okukosa amaaso). Kino nakyo tekikwata ku balongo abali wansi w’omwezi gumu.
• Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML): Eno mbeera etali ya bulijjo naye nga ya maanyi nnyo era ekosa obwongo.

Kookolo

Obutoffaali bwaffe obwa T (obutoffaali bwa CD4 nabwo kika kya butoffaali bwa T) bwe bukendeera, obulabe bw’okufuna kookolo obuva ku kawuka oba kookolo akwata abaserikale b’omubiri yennyini bweyongera. Ebika bya kookolo ebitwalibwa nga ADI mu bantu abalina akawuka ka siriimu:

• Kaposi sarcoma: Kookolo asobola okubeera mu bifo ng’olususu, ennywanto, n’akamwa.
• Obulwadde bwa Burkitt lymphoma
• Kookolo w’omumwa gwa nnabaana ayingirira
• Obulwadde bwa lymphoma obuyitibwa immunoblastic lymphoma
• Obulwadde bwa lymphoma obusookerwako obw’obwongo

Obukwakkulizo Obulala

Ng’oggyeeko kino, embeera endala eziwerako era zimanyiddwa nga `ADIs`:

• Ekifuba ekiddamu: Ku bantu abakulu n’abaana abasukka mu myaka 6. Pneumonia bulwadde bw’amawuggwe obuva ku buwuka, obuwuka oba ffene.
• Obulwadde bw’obwongo bwa siriimu: Mu kino, akawuka ka siriimu kakosa enkola y’obwongo.
• Obulwadde bw’okusaasaanya akawuka ka siriimu: Kino kireetera omubiri okugonza n’okunafuwa.

Endwadde ki ezisinga okutegeeza mukenenya (ADIs)?

Bino byonna si bibaawo mu buli muntu. Wabula ebimu ku `ADIs` ezisinga okubeerawo ze zino:

• Obulwadde bw’ekifuba obuyitibwa Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) .
• Obulwadde bwa Kaposi sarcoma
• Obulwadde bw’okusaasaanya akawuka ka siriimu
• Obulwadde bwa kandida mu nnywanto
• Obulwadde bwa mycobacterium avium complex (MAC).
• Akafuba

Bubonero ki obulaga endwadde zino?

Obubonero bwa `ADIs` bwawukana okusinziira ku bulwadde. Wabula yinfekisoni ezisinga zirina ebintu ebiwerako bye zifaanagana:

• Omusujja
• Okulumizibwa omutwe
• Obulumi bw’omubiri, obulumi mu binywa
• Okulumwa mu mamiro
• Okukaluubirirwa okussa
• Okusiiyibwa kw’olususu
• Embiro
• Okutabulwa oba enkyukakyuka endala mu birowoozo

Bw’oba ​​olina obubonero buno obumu oba obusingawo naddala ng’omanyi nti olina akawuka ka siriimu, kikulu nnyo okulaba omusawo amangu ddala nga bwe kisoboka.

Lwaki endwadde zino ezitegeeza mukenenya (ADIs) zibaawo?

Nga bwe twayogeddeko edda, akawuka `HIV` kasaanyaawo obutoffaali bwa `T` (naddala obutoffaali bwa `CD4`) mu baserikale baffe abaserikale b'omubiri. Obutoffaali buno obwa `T` bwe butuyamba okulwanyisa yinfekisoni. Kale, omuwendo gw’obutoffaali buno obwa `T` bwe gukendeera ennyo, omubiri gwaffe tegusobola kulwanyisa yinfekisoni mu ngeri eya bulijjo. Olwo, tusobola okulwala ebintu ebitaleetera muntu alina abaserikale b’omubiri abalamu obulungi. Ate era, eno y’ensonga lwaki kookolo akwatagana n’abaserikale b’omubiri oba kookolo aleetebwa akawuka.

Obujjanjabi obuziyiza akawuka ka siriimu (ART) bukola nnyo mu kukuuma abaserikale baffe abaserikale nga balamu bulungi. Wabula oluusi ADI esobola okukula ne bwe baba bamira ART. Waliwo ebiyinza okuvaako ensonga eziwerako:

• Bw’oba ​​tosobola kumira ddagala lyo nga bwe likulagiddwa era mu budde.
• Singa eddagala ly’omira terikola bulungi.
• Oyinza okuba nga walina ADI etaliimu bubonero nga tonnatandika ART, era eyinza okuddamu ng’abaserikale b’omubiri bo bakomyewo oluvannyuma lw’okutandika ART (kino era kiyitibwa immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome - IRIS).

Endwadde ezitegeeza mukenenya (ADIs) zizuulibwa zitya?

Omusawo wo ajja kuzuula obulwadde bwa ADI okusinziira ku bubonero bwo. Kino kiyinza okuzingiramu okukebera omusaayi oba amazzi amalala ag’omubiri, era nga kiyinzika okuba nga n’okukebera omubiri. Era bayinza okukola okukebera ebifaananyi, gamba nga X-ray oba CT scan, okunoonya enkyukakyuka mu mawuggwe oba mu bitundu by’omubiri ebirala.

Bw’oba ​​tosooka kuzuulibwa nti olina akawuka ka siriimu, era ng’olina ADI yokka, omusawo ayinza okukukebera akawuka ka siriimu n’ebirala ebiyinza okuvaako okuziyiza abaserikale b’omubiri.

Ebigezo bya ngeri ki ebikolebwa?

Ebimu ku bigezo omusawo by’ayinza okukozesa:

• Okukebera omusaayi
• Okuggya sampuli okuva mu nnyindo (Nasal swab) .
• Okukebera ebitundu by’omubiri (biopsy).
• Okukebera amalusu: Sampuli y’omusulo bagiggya mu mawuggwe okukebera oba temuli yinfekisoni.
• Okukebera omusulo
• X-ray y’ekifuba
• Okukebera CT
• Okuboola omugongo/okufumita ttaapu y’omugongo
• Okukebera akawuka ka siriimu

Endwadde zino zijjanjabwa zitya?

Enkola z’obujjanjabi zisinziira ku kika ky’obulwadde bw’olina n’embeera gy’olimu entongole. Bw’oba ​​tomira ART, omusawo wo ayinza okutandika ART amangu ddala oba mu wiiki bbiri oba nnya ng’atandise okujjanjaba yinfekisoni eziweebwa omukisa.

Bw’oba ​​wazuulibwa dda n’akawuka ka siriimu era ng’omira eddagala lya ART, omusawo ayinza okwongera okukebera okulaba eddagala lyo bwe likola obulungi.

Obujjanjabi bw’obulwadde bwa ADI obw’enjawulo buyinza okuli:

• Eddagala eritta obuwuka erikwata obuwuka obuleeta endwadde
• Eddagala eriweweeza ku bulwadde bwa ffene
• Eddagala eriweweeza ku buwuka obuleeta endwadde z’ebiwuka
• Okulongoosa, okuweebwa amasannyalaze oba eddagala eriweweeza ku kookolo

Kiki ekibaawo singa mba n’obulwadde obutegeeza mukenenya (ADI)?

Okubeera n‟eddagala lya ADI kyongera obulabe bw‟okufa olw‟ebizibu ebiva ku mukenenya. Wabula amawulire amalungi gali nti mu myaka egiyise, omuwendo gw’abantu abafa olw’obulwadde bwa mukenenya gukendedde nnyo olw’eddagala lya ART. Wadde nga kiteeberezebwa nti abantu nga kimu kyakuna abakwatibwa akawuka ka siriimu bafa olw’ebizibu ebiva ku mukenenya, nga batandika okukozesa eddagala lya ART nga bukyali, abantu bangi abalina akawuka ka siriimu babeera mu bulamu obulungi nga tebafunye mukenenya.

Endwadde ezitegeeza mukenenya (ADIs) zisobola okuziyizibwa?

Yee, mazima ddala kisobola!

ART esobola okuyamba okukuuma obungi bw’akawuka mu musaayi gwo (viral load) nga butono. Kino kyongera ku muwendo gwo ogw’obutoffaali bwa T (CD4 cells). Kino kiyamba abaserikale b’omubiri gwo okusigala nga balamu bulungi n’okulwanyisa yinfekisoni. Era ayamba okulwanyisa akawuka akaleeta kookolo eyeekuusa ku siriimu.

Waliwo engeri endala eziwerako ez’okukendeeza ku bulabe bw’okukwatibwa obulwadde:

• Eddagala eriziyiza:Omusawo ayinza okukuwa ebintu ng’eddagala eritta obuwuka oba eddagala eritta obuwuka okukendeeza ku bulabe bw’okufuna yinfekisoni ezimu.
• Okugema: Buuza omusawo wo kugema ki kw’olina okufuna era bwe kubaawo olina okwewala.
• Okukebera: Omusawo ayinza okukuwa amagezi okwekebejjebwa buli kiseera okulaba kookolo ezimu n’endwadde ezisiigibwa.
• Togabana bikozesebwa mu kukuba mpiso ya ddagala: Bw’oba ​​okozesa eddagala eriwandiikiddwa n’eritali lya musawo, togabana mpiso, empiso n’ebirala n’abalala.
• Obuyonjo obulungi: Naaba nnyo mu ngalo naddala nga tonnateekateeka mmere, nga tonnalya, n’oluvannyuma lw’okukozesa ekinabiro. Togabana mmere, ebyokunywa, oba ebintu eby’obuntu na balala.
• Obukuumi bw’emmere: Weewale amagi agatafumbiddwa bulungi, amata agatali ga pasteurized (omuli kkeeki ne ice cream), n’omubisi gw’ebibala ogutafumbiddwa. Okunaaba oba okusekula ebibala n’enva endiirwa obulungi nga tonnalya.
• Weewale okukozesa amazzi agatalongooseddwa: Weewale okuyingiza amazzi mu kamwa ng’onaaba mu bifo ng’ennyanja n’ebidiba, era weewale okunywa amazzi ga ttaapu agatalongooseddwa. Bw’ogenda mu kifo w’otokakasa bulongoofu bw’amazzi, nywa amazzi g’omu bidomola era okozese amazzi ge gamu okufumba.

Ddi lwe nnina okulaba omusawo?

Bw’oba ​​olina akawuka ka siriimu, kakasa nti buli ssaawa gy’ogenda okusisinkana n’omusawo. Buulira omusawo wo bw’oba ​​olina obubonero obupya oba obweyongera, oba bw’oba ​​olina obuzibu okumira ART yo. Manya ky’oyinza okukola okuziyiza obulwadde n’eky’okukola singa oba olina obubonero bw’obulwadde.

Ddi lw’osaanidde okugenda mu kitongole ekijjanjaba abalwadde ab’amangu (ETU) ?

Bw’oba ​​olowooza nti oyinza okuba nga wali ofunye akawuka ka siriimu, oba bw’oba ​​olina ekimu ku bubonero buno obw’amaanyi, genda mu kisenge eky’amangu mu bwangu:

• Omusujja ogusukka mu diguli 103 (diguli 40).
• Okukaluubirirwa okussa.
• Okusesema okw’amaanyi oba ekiddukano.
• Obulumi mu kifuba.
• Okutabulwa oba okubulwa amagezi.
• Singa ekiwundu kiba kyokya, kimyufu, kizimba, kiruma oba nga tekiwona.

Bibuuzo ki bye nnina okubuuza omusawo wange?

Kiyinza okuba eky’omugaso okubuuza omusawo wo ebibuuzo nga bino:

• Nmira ntya eddagala lyange mu butuufu?
• Kiki ky’okola singa osubwa essaawa y’okujjanjaba eddagala?
• Kiki kye nnyinza okukola okuziyiza yinfekisoni?
• Bubonero ki bwe nnina okwegendereza?
• Ddi lwe nnina okugenda mu kisenge ky’abalwadde ab’amangu?

N’ekisembayo, obubaka obutwala awaka

Endwadde ezitegeeza mukenenya (ADIs) kwe kukebera okuyamba abasawo okuzuula akawuka ka siriimu bwe kakosezza omubiri gwo. Bw’oba ​​olina akawuka ka siriimu, oba mu bulabe bwa maanyi okufuna ebizibu eby’amaanyi okuva ku bulwadde bwonna.

Naye,Ekisinga obukulu, okumira eddagala eriweweeza ku kawuka ka siriimu (ART) mu butuufu era obutakyukakyuka kiyinza okukuuma abaserikale b’omubiri nga balamu bulungi n’okuwa omubiri gwo amaanyi okulwanyisa yinfekisoni. Eddagala lino liyambye okutangira mukenenya n’okusobozesa abantu abalina akawuka ka siriimu okuwangaala ng’abo abatalina siriimu.

N’olwekyo, yogerako n’omusawo wo ku ngeri endala gy’oyinza okwegendereza okwetangira endwadde ez’amaanyi. Teweeraliikiriranga, osobola okulwanyisa embeera zino ng’olina okumanya n’obujjanjabi obutuufu.

` Mukenenya, siriimu, okuzuula mukenenya, yinfekisoni ezikozesa omukisa, obutafaali obuziyiza endwadde, obutoffaali bwa CD4, obujjanjabi bwa ART