Abasawo bwe bakuzuula nti olina kookolo w’amabeere, omusawo ayinza okukuwa amagezi okukozesa eddagala eriweweeza ku bulwadde bwa ddagala. Kya bulijjo okuwulira ng’otya katono n’okweraliikirira ng’owulira bino. Naye bw’otegeezebwa obulungi ku bujjanjabi buno , osobola okuvvuunuka okutya okwo. Waliwo ebika by’obujjanjabi obw’enjawulo obw’obujjanjabi obw’eddagala. Ebirungo ebikola alkylating kye kimu ku bika by’eddagala ebikulu ebikozesebwa ku kookolo w’amabeere. Kale, ka twogere ku kino mu bujjuvu era mu ngeri ennyangu ennyo leero.
Eddagala lino eriyitibwa Alkylating Agents mu butuufu likola litya?
Kino okusobola okukitegeera, tulina okusooka okulowooza ku butoffaali bwa kookolo. Obutoffaali bwa kookolo butoffaali obweyawukana ne bweyongera amangu ennyo nga tebulina kye bufuga. Alkylating agents lye limu ku ddagala eryasooka okuzuulibwa okulwanyisa kookolo. Ne leero zikyakozesebwa nnyo.
Mu ngeri ennyangu, eddagala ery’ekika kino likola nga liyimiriza obutoffaali bwa kookolo okwekolera kkopi, kwe kugamba, okweyawulamu n’okukula. Kino kikola nga:
Buli katoffaali kalina pulaani enzijuvu, oba "pulaani," ey'akatoffaali ako. Kino tukiyita DNA. Ebirungo ebikola alkylating kye bikola kwe kugenda butereevu ku DNA y’obutoffaali bwa kookolo ne byekwata. Nga ekisumuluzo ekimu bwe kitasobola kukola singa okisiba ku kirala, eddagala lino bwe likwatagana ne DNA, akatoffaali ako tekasobola kwawukana.
Okwawukana kw’obutoffaali bwe kukoma mu ngeri eno, obutoffaali bwa kookolo bufa mpolampola. Mu busawo, enkola eno tugiyita apoptosis . Kwe kugamba, okufa kw’obutoffaali okutegekeddwa.
Ekirala eky’enjawulo ku ddagala lino kwe kuba nti lisobola okulumba n’okusaanyaawo akatoffaali ka kookolo ku mutendera gwonna ogw’obulamu bwabwo. Kino kiyitibwa `cell-cycle phase nonspecific`. N’olwekyo, zikola nnyo ku bika bya kookolo bingi naddala ezo ezikula amangu.
Eddagala lino liyinza okukuweebwa ng’empeke oba ng’omunnyo ng’oyita mu musuwa (IV - mu misuwa). Ebiseera ebisinga, omusawo wo ajja kuwa eddagala lino nga ligatta wamu n’eddagala eddala ery’obujjanjabi (combination therapy).
Ebika bya Alkylating Agents bye biruwa?
Ekibinja kino eky’eddagala kyawuddwamu ebibinja ebikulu ebiwerako. Wadde amannya ga bino gazibu katono, kirungi okumanya kubanga oyinza okusanga emu ku zino ng’ewandiikiddwa ku lupapula lw’eddagala lyo.
| Ekibiina ky'eddagala | Eddagala eriri mu kiti ekyo (Ebyokulabirako) . |
|---|---|
| Mukene wa nayitrojeni | bendamustine, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide , eddagala lya ifosfamide, eddagala lya mechlorethamine, eddagala lya melphalan |
| Ebiva mu ethylenamine ne methylenamine | ekirungo kya altretamine, ekirungo ekiyitibwa thiotepa |
| Ebirungo ebiyitibwa alkyl sulfonates | busulfan |
| Ebirungo ebiyitibwa Triazenes | eddagala lya dacarbazine, procarbazine, eddagala lya temozolomide |
| Ebirungo ebirimu platinum | carboplatin , ekirungo kya cisplatin, ekirungo kya oxaliplatin |
| Ebirungo ebiyitibwa Nitrosoureas | carmustine, lomustine, eddagala eriyitibwa streptozocin |
Mu bino, ekika ky’eddagala eriyitibwa Nitrosoureas kya njawulo katono. Kubanga eddagala lino lisobola okusala oluwuzi olukuuma oluyitibwa ‘blood-brain barrier’ olukuuma obwongo bwaffe. Eddagala erisinga teriyinza kusala kiziyiza kino. N’olwekyo, bikulu ng’ojjanjaba kookolo eyeekuusa ku bwongo.
Bika ki ebisinga okukozesebwa ku kookolo w’amabeere?
Eddagala mu biti bya ` Nitrogen Mustards` ne `Ethylenamine ne methylenamine derivatives` litera okukozesebwa mu kujjanjaba emitendera egy'enjawulo egya kookolo w'amabeere.
Ekirungo ekiziyiza obuwuka obuleeta endwadde (Cyclophosphamide) .
Lino ddagala eriri mu kibinja kya `Nitrogen mustard`. Osobola okugimira ng’empeke oba okugiwa nga IV mu musuwa. Kitera okukozesebwa ku:
- Okuziyiza kookolo atandise okudda oluvannyuma lw’okulongoosebwa.
- Singa kookolo agenda mu maaso, kendeeza ku kizimba nga tonnalongoosebwa.
- Jjanjaba kookolo agenda mu maaso oluvannyuma lw’okulongoosebwa n’obujjanjabi obulala.
Thiotepa, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo
Kino kiva mu `Ethylenamine`. Ebiseera ebisinga guweebwa mu misuwa. Kikozesebwa ku:
- Mu kookolo atandise, kendeeza ku bulabe bw’okuddamu okulwala .
- Jjanjaba kookolo ow’omutendera ogw’oku ntikko.
Ekirungo kya kaboni
Lino ddagala eririmu platinum. Lino lye ddagala lyokka erya platinum erikkirizibwa okujjanjaba kookolo w’amabeere. `Carboplatin` etera okuweebwa ku kookolo agenda mu maaso, era nga egattibwa wamu n'eddagala eddala erya chemotherapy. Era eweebwa nga IV.
Biki ebiva mu ddagala lino?
Ekimu ku bisinga okusoomoozebwa mu bujjanjabi bw’eddagala kwe kuba nti tebusobola kumanya njawulo wakati w’obutoffaali bwa kookolo n’obutoffaali obulamu. Eddagala lino ligenderera obutoffaali obweyawukana amangu. Obutoffaali bwa kookolo, okufaananako n’obutoffaali obumu obulamu mu mibiri gyaffe (okugeza, obutoffaali obukola enviiri zaffe, obutoffaali obukola layini y’omumwa gwaffe n’ebyenda byaffe, n’obutoffaali bw’omusaayi), bwawukana mangu nnyo. Kale eddagala lino era likwata ku butoffaali obwo obulamu, y’ensonga lwaki lireeta ebizibu.
Ebizibu bino tebituuka ku buli muntu mu ngeri y’emu. Abantu abamu bayinza okuba n’ebisingawo, abamu bayinza okuba n’ebitono. Tofaayo ku nsonga eno. Omusawo asobola okukuyamba okuddukanya ebintu bino ebisinga obungi.
| Ekika ky’ebizibu ebivaako |
|---|
| Ebizibu ebitera okuvaamu abantu bangi bye bayinza okufuna |
| Okuziyira n’okusesema, obutayagala mmere, okugejja, okulumwa olubuto, ekiddukano |
| Obukoowu |
| Enviiri okugwa, amabwa mu kamwa oba olulimi |
| Enkyukakyuka mu langi y’olususu, langi oba okukula kw’enjala n’enjala z’ebigere |
| Okukendeera kw’obutoffaali obweru (kino kiyinza okwongera ku bulabe bw’okukwatibwa yinfekisoni) . |
| Okugenda mu nsonga ezitali za bulijjo mu bakyala |
| Obubonero obw’amaanyi obulina okuloopebwa ew’omusawo mu bwangu |
| Omusujja, okuwunya, okulumwa emimiro (obubonero bw’obulwadde) . |
| Ebiwundu okuwona mpola, okunyiga oba okuvaamu omusaayi mu ngeri etaali ya bulijjo |
| Omusulo omuddugavu oba ogulimu ttaala, obulumi ng’ofulumya omusulo oba omusaayi mu musulo |
| Okusiiyibwa ku lususu, ebizimba, okusiiyibwa |
| Okukaluubirirwa okussa oba okumira, okussa obubi, okusesema |
| Okuzimba amagulu, enkizi oba ebigere, okulumwa mu kifuba |
| Okufuuka okwa kyenvu kw’olususu oba amaaso (obubonero bwa jaundice) . |
Kwelinda!
Bw’ofuna obubonero bwonna ku buno wammanga, genda mu ddwaaliro erikuli okumpi mu kitongole ky’abalwadde ab’amangu (ETU) amangu ddala oba kuba essimu ya ambyulensi eya 1990:
* Omusulo omuddugavu
* Okuvaamu omusaayi ogutasobola kuyimirizibwa
* Okukaluubirirwa ennyo mu kussa
* Obulumi mu kifuba
* Obubonero obulaga nti omuntu alina alergy ey’amaanyi (nga okuzimba mu maaso, emimwa) .
Tekitera nnyo, ebirungo bino ebikola alkylating bisobola okwonoona obusigo bwaffe obw’amagumba. Obusigo bw’amagumba omubiri gwaffe we gukola obutoffaali obupya obw’omusaayi. Waliwo akabi akatono ennyo ak’okufuna ekika kya kookolo ekirala, gamba nga leukemia, olw’okwonooneka kuno. Obulabe buno butera okweyongera katono nga ddoozi y’eddagala yeeyongera. Kino tokyeraliikirira mu ngeri eteetaagisa.Nga tonnatandika bujjanjabi, yogerako mu lwatu n’omusawo wo ku ngeri gy’oyinza okukendeeza ku bulabe bw’okufuna kookolo owookubiri nga ono. Ajja kukuwa amagezi gonna ge weetaaga.
Ebintu ebirala by’olina okulowoozaako ng’ogenda mu bujjanjabi
Olw’okuba gano ddagala lya maanyi nnyo, kikulu okubuulira omusawo wo ebyafaayo byo byonna eby’obujjanjabi asobole okulongoosa enteekateeka y’obujjanjabi okukutuukana n’okukendeeza ku bizibu ebivaamu. Kakasa nti bino wammanga oteesa n’omusawo wo:
- Ebikwata ku alergy yonna gy’olina (ku ddagala, emmere).
- Ebikwata ku vitamiini yonna, ebirungo ebiyamba omubiri, oba eddagala ly’omuddo ly’okozesa.
- Ebikwata ku mbeera z’ekibumba oba ekibumba kyo.
- Bw’oba wali ofunye obujjanjabi obw’eddagala eriweweeza ku bulwadde buno, tubuulire ku nsonga eno.
- Bw’oba oli lubuto, ng’oyonsa oba ng’oteekateeka okuzaala mu bbanga ttono .
- Bw’oba olina okulongoosa kwonna mu biseera eby’omu maaso, kwogereko.
Goberera ddala ebiragiro by’omusawo naddala ng’omira empeke. Bw’oba weerabira okumira ddoozi, mira ddoozi eddako nga bwe wategese. Tomirangako ddoozi bbiri omulundi gumu okusobola okukola ku ddoozi gy’osubiddwa. Bulijjo yogerako n’omusawo wo nga tonnaba kuyimiriza bujjanjabi.
Obubaka Obutwala Awaka
- Alkylating agents kika kya ddagala lya maanyi ery’eddagala eryonoona DNA y’obutoffaali bwa kookolo n’okubulemesa okwawukana.
- Olw’okuba eddagala lino likwata obutoffaali bwa kookolo bwombi n’obutoffaali obulamu obweyawukana amangu, liyinza okuvaako ebizibu ng’okuziyira n’okuggwaamu enviiri. Bino bisobola okuddukanyizibwa.
- Kikulu nnyo okwogera mu lwatu n’omusawo wo ku byafaayo byo byonna eby’obujjanjabi, eddagala eddala ly’omira, ne alergy.
- Bw’ofuna obubonero obw’amaanyi ng’okukaluubirirwa okussa oba okuvaamu omusaayi omungi, genda mu ddwaaliro mu kitongole ky’abalwadde ab’amangu (ETU) mu bwangu.
- Tolina kukyusa ddoozi ya ddagala oba okuyimiriza obujjanjabi nga tolina magezi ga musawo.
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