Okumenyawo kookolo w'amabeere

Bwe tuwulira ekigambo "kookolo," ffenna tunyiganyiga katono, si bwe kiri? Naddala bwetuwulira ekigambo kookolo w’amabeere, abakyala mu ggwanga lyaffe batya nnyo. Naye totya. Sayansi w’obusawo agenda akulaakulana buli lunaku. Kati enkola empya zitongozeddwa mu nsi yonna okuzuula kookolo w’amabeere nga bukyali n’okumujjanjaba obulungi. Kale leero, ka twogere ku nkola zino empya, ezisuubiza. Okumanya bino kijja kuba kikulu nnyo gy’oli n’abaagalwa bo.

Enkola za sikaani ezisembyeyo okuzuula kookolo

Tutera okukola ‘mammogram’ ne ‘ultrasound’ okukebera kookolo w’amabeere. Oluusi abasawo nabo bagamba nti bakebere MRI scan. Naye kati abanoonyereza batunuulidde sikaani ez’omulembe, entuufu.

Mu ngeri ennyangu, zino nkola za tekinologiya wa waggulu, entuufu ez’okuzuula obutoffaali bwa kookolo.

• Okukuba ebifaananyi mu maaso: Kino kizingiramu okwaka ekitangaala eky’enjawulo okuyita mu bbeere. Okukebera kuno kupima obungi bw’ekitangaala ekidda emabega oba ekiyita mu kitundu ky’omubiri. Mu kiseera kino okunoonyereza kugenda mu maaso okulaba oba enkola eno esobola okugattibwa ne MRI oba 3D mammograms okuzuula obulungi kookolo.
• Molecular Breast Imaging (MBI): Wano we wabaawo ekintu ekyewuunyisa ddala. Eddagala eritono ennyo erya radioactive (tracer) lifukibwa mu mubiri nga liyita mu musuwa. Eddagala lino ligenda butereevu ku butoffaali bwa kookolo w’amabeere ne linywerera ku butoffaali bwa kookolo w’amabeere. Olwo bw’ogitunuulira ne kkamera ey’enjawulo, osobola okulaba obutoffaali bwa kookolo we buli. Kati batunuulidde oba enkola eno esobola okukozesebwa okukola okukebera kuno nga kwotadde n’okukebera amabeere eri abakyala abalina amabeere amanene n’okwongera okwekenneenya ebizimba ebiteeberezebwa ebirabibwa ku mammogram.
• Positron Emission Mammography (PEM): Kino kifaananako ne MBI, naye kikozesa ekintu ekikola obusannyalazo (radioactive substance) ekikwatagana n’akatundu ka ssukaali okuzuula obutoffaali bwa kookolo. Enkola eno esobola okukozesebwa nga MRI tekisoboka.
• Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT): Obutoffaali bwa kookolo w’amabeere butambuza amasannyalaze mu ngeri ya njawulo okusinga obutoffaali obwa bulijjo. Ekyo si kyewuunyisa? Ekigezo kino kinoonya enjawulo eyo. Epima enjawulo nga esindika amasannyalaze amatono ennyo nga gayita mu buuma obutonotono obuteekebwa ku lususu.

Okukebera amagezi ag’ekikugu (AI) n’okukebera amabeere

Obadde okimanyi nti edda, omusawo akola ku by’okukuba amabeere yekka y’azuula oba okukebera amabeere tekuliimu kookolo okusinziira ku bivudde mu kukebera amabeere? Naye abantu basobola okukola ensobi. Okunoonyereza kulaga nti nga kitundu ku bantu abakeberebwa amabeere buli mwaka okumala emyaka 10 bajja kufuna false positive , ekitegeeza nti tebalina kookolo, waakiri omulundi gumu mu bulamu bwabwe. Era wakati wa 10% ne 30% bajja kufuna false negative , ekitegeeza nti tebalina kookolo.

Kati, pulogulaamu ya AI ekozesebwa okuyamba abasawo. AI eno esobola okunoonyereza ku nkumi n’enkumi z’ebifaananyi eby’amabeere n’ezuula n’enkyukakyuka entonotono eriiso ly’omuntu lye liyinza okusubwa. Naye kino tekitegeeza nti AI esobola okukola omulimu gw’omusawo. Nga tulina tekinologiya aliwo kati, AI tesobola kudda mu kifo kya musawo. Ekisinga obulungi kiri nti obumanyirivu bw’omusawo n’obukugu obusongovu obw’okutunuulira AI bwe bigattibwa awamu, kookolo asobola okuzuulibwa mu butuufu era mu bwangu .

Obujjanjabi obugendereddwamu

Edda kookolo yajjanjabibwanga n’eddagala eriweweeza ku bulwadde bwa ddagala. Chemotherapy bujjanjabi obukwata obutoffaali bwonna obweyawukana amangu mu mubiri. Kino kitegeeza nti tekikosa butoffaali bwa kookolo bwokka, wabula n’obutoffaali obulamu ng’obutoffaali bw’enviiri n’obutoffaali bw’omusaayi. Eno y’ensonga lwaki ebizibu ebivaamu byeyongedde.

Naye kati waliwo obujjanjabi obupya obuyitibwa `(Targeted Therapy)`. Kino kya njawulo nnyo. Obutoffaali obumu obwa kookolo w’amabeere bulina puloteyina ey’enjawulo eyitibwa `HER2` ku ngulu mu bungi. Obujjanjabi obugendereddwamu busanga obutoffaali bwa kookolo bwokka obulina puloteyina eyo eya `HER2` ne bulumba. Kino kireeta okwonooneka okutono ennyo ku butoffaali obulamu.

Waliwo ebika bingi eby’obujjanjabi obugendereddwamu ebisangibwa leero. `Trastuzumab (Herceptin)` ne `Pertuzumab (Perjeta)` bye bimu ku byo. Omusawo wo y’ajja okusalawo obujjanjabi ki obusinga okukuyamba.

‘Liquid Biopsy’: Ezuula kookolo n’ettondo ly’omusaayi

Bwe tulowooza ku ky’okukebera ebitundu by’omubiri (biopsy), tulowooza ku kusala akatundu akatono akayitibwa tissue okuva mu kifo ekiteeberezebwa ne tukakebera. Naye teebereza engeri gye kyandibadde eky’angu singa tusobola okumanya ebikwata ku kookolo nga tuyita mu kukebera omusaayi okwangu? Ekyo kye bayita ``Liquid Biopsy.''

Bw’oba ​​olina kookolo, obutundutundu obutonotono obwa DNA emenyese bukuŋŋaanyizibwa mu musaayi gwo. Kino kiyitibwa ``DNA y'ekizimba etambula''. Okukebera omubiri (liquid biopsy) kunoonya ebitundu ebyo ebya DNA ya kookolo mu musaayi. Kino kirina emigaso mingi:

• Enkyukakyuka (enkyukakyuka) mu kookolo zisobola okuzuulibwa amangu mu kiseera ky’obujjanjabi .
• Okusinziira ku kino, abasawo basobola okukyusa amangu enkola y’obujjanjabi ne bawa obujjanjabi obusaanira.
• Oluusi kino nakyo kiyamba okumanya nga bukyali oba kookolo akomyewo oluvannyuma lw’okulongoosebwa.

Wadde enkola eno ekyali mu mutendera gw’okunoonyereza, buli omu alowooza nti ejja kuba nkulu nnyo mu biseera eby’omu maaso mu kuddukanya kookolo w’amabeere.

Ebigonjoola kookolo nga tuyita mu nanotechnology

Nanotechnology ssaayansi akozesa obutundutundu obutono ennyo obutasobola kulabibwa na maaso. Kino kiyamba nnyo mu kujjanjaba kookolo.

Teebereza singa oyinza okutuusa ekipapula ku ndagiriro entuufu, ng’omuweereza, ng’oyingiza eddagala ly’eddagala mu nanoparticles n’olisindika butereevu mu katoffaali ka kookolo? Ekyo ky’ekola nanotechnology. Ekirungi ekisinga obunene mu kino kiri nti eddagala ly’eddagala lino lisaanyaawo butereevu obutoffaali bwa kookolo awatali bulabe ku bitundu ebiramu ebibyetoolodde. Kino kikendeeza nnyo ku bizibu ebivaamu era kyongera ku buwanguzi bw’obujjanjabi.

Okugezesebwa mu Bujjanjabi

Okugezesebwa mu malwaliro kugenda mu maaso mu nsi yonna okugezesa eddagala eppya n’obujjanjabi bwa kookolo w’amabeere. Ekigendererwa ekikulu eky’okugezesebwa kuno kwe kufuna obujjanjabi obukola obulungi, obulina ebizibu ebitono, era obutasanyusa nnyo mulwadde .

Okwetaba mu kugezesebwa nga kuno kiyinza okukuwa omukisa okugezesa obujjanjabi obupya nga tebunnatuuka ku katale emyaka. Naye si kya buli muntu. Kale kirungi okwogera n’omusawo wo oba kikusaanira n’ebirungi n’ebibi.