Hriselna chungchang tlangpuiFebruary 18, 2026🔄 Updated: Jul 15, 2026⏱ 19 min

I taksa pum puia kal Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) chungchang hi i zir mai ang u!

Creator: Dr. Priya Sammani
Published: 2026-02-18T17:30:48.000Z

Dr. Priya Sammani, MBBS, PG Dip. FMMedical Verification

I taksaah hian information a kal kual dan hi i ngaihtuah ngai em? I kut sawn i ngaihtuah hian engtin nge a awm? A nih loh leh, engtin nge lumna, vawt, a nih loh leh miin a khawih che chuan i hriat? Vawiin hian kan thluak leh ruhro pawn lama inzar pharh nerve network mak tak mai, heng zawng zawnga puitu chungchang kan sawi dawn a ni. Hei hi `(Peripheral Nervous System)` emaw `(PNS)` emaw kan tih chu a ni.

Chuti a nih chuan, he peripheral nervous system (PNS) hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, PNS hi i taksa chhunga nerve kal tlangte network a ni a, i thluak leh i ruhro (Central Nervous System emaw CNS kan tih) tih loh chu. Thluak leh ruhro (spinal cord) hi ram pakhata khawpui lian pahnih ang a ni. Mahse, chu khawpui pahnih, leh khaw dang leh in dang zawng zawng inzawmkhawmna kawngpui network a awm tur a ni lo. Chutiang chuan PNS chu a ni. Hna pawimawh pahnih a nei a, chungte chu: 1. I taksa peng hrang hrang – i kut leh ke, vun, mit, beng, etc. atanga information lakkhawm a, thluak leh ruhro lama thawn chhuah. . Chu hrehawmna chu engtin nge i hriat ang? Chutah chuan `(PNS)` chhunga nerve te chuan "I got a thorn" tih thuchah chu thluak lamah an hruai thin. Tichuan thluak chuan, "Ah, ka ke chu ka sawn hlat a ngai a ni," tiin thutlukna a siam ta a ni. Chu thupek chu `(PNS)` kaltlangin i ke ruh (muscles) thlengin a kal leh a, i ke chu i sawn chhuak ta a ni. Mak a ni lo maw? He `(PNS)` hian a thunun thil thenkhat, entirnan, i thinlung thawk leh i riltam te hi a thleng nghal mai thin . Chumi awmzia chu anmahni ngaihtuah pawh a ngai lo tihna a ni. Mahse kut phar leh thusawi ang chi hi chu hriatna neia i tih thin a ni . Heng pahnihah hian `(PNS)` hi a inrawlh a ni.

`(PNS)` leh `(CNS)` hi eng nge an danglamna?

Kan sawi tawh ang khan kan nervous system-ah hian thil pawimawh pahnih a awm a, chungte chu:

Central Nervous System (CNS): Hei hi thluak leh ruhro chauh a ni . Hei hi kan taksa "control center" ang a ni.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Hei hi CNS pawn lama nerve awm zawng zawng a ni. Heng nerve te hi spinal cord leh thluak hmun thenkhat atanga tan in i hmai leh i taksa peng dang zawng zawngah a tlan thin. "Peripheral" tih thumal hian "a chhehvel" emaw "center pawn lam" emaw tihna a ni.

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) hian eng nge a tih?

I `(PNS)` ah hian subsystem lian pahnih a awm a: 1. The `(Autonomic Nervous System)`:Hengte hi i ngaihtuah ngai lovin automatic-a i control thin process te chu an ni. Entirnan, thawk, thinlung na, chaw ei. 2. Somatic Nervous System: Hengte hi hriatna neia i control thin process te an ni. Entirnan, kea kal, ziak, thusawi. Heng subsystem pahnih hmang hian PNS hian a hna lian pathum a thawk thei a ni:

Senses : I chhehvel khawvel chungchang thluak hnena hriattirna pe turin PNS hi a pawimawh hle. Hei hi Somatic Nervous System-a tel a ni. I thil hmuh, i hriat, i hriat (cold, heat, touch , pain), i taste, i rim, zawng zawng hi PNS kaltlangin thluak lamah a kal vek a ni.
Movement: PNS chhunga nerve te hian i taksa ruh zawng zawngah thupek an keng tel a, chu chu i hriat rengin i thunun thei a ni. Hei hi Somatic Nervous System-ah pawh a tel ve a ni. I hnar hrual ang chi thil awlsam tak atanga zai ang chi thil buaithlak tak thlengin a huam vek a ni.
Unconscious processes: Hengte hi thluak hian i ngaihtuah ngai lova nung reng tura a tih thin thil pawimawh tak takte chu a ni. Entîr nân, heart rate leh blood pressure ang chi thilte . Hei hi `` Autonomic Nervous System '' hian a pui a ni.

Thu hriatna thluaka a thlen dan (sensation) .

I thluak hi supercomputer chak tak angin han ngaihtuah teh. Mahse chu computer, pawn lam atanga input engmah awm lo chuan pawn lam thil engmah a hre thei lo. Chuvang chuan PNS hi a pawimawh em em a ni. Computer-in pawn lam atanga thu hriat tur a dawn theih nan camera, microphone leh keyboard a mamawh ang bawkin thluak pawhin PNS a mamawh a ni. I PNS chu i thluak in pawn lam thil a dawn dan a ni. PNS chhunga nerve tam tak chu ruhro (spinal cord) nen an inzawm a, taksa peng dangah an kal a ni. Mahse nerve chi khat bik a awm a, chu chu Cranial Nerves , thluak nena inzawm tlat a ni. Heng nerve te hian i hnar, beng leh ka atanga signal te, chubakah hriatna dang tam tak atanga signal te chu thluak ah an phur lut thin. Heng cranial nerve te hi i hmai, lu leh kawr vun khawih theihna petu an ni bawk. Peripheral nerve dangte chu i taksa pum puiah a darh vek a. Chungte chu i kut zungtang leh ke ruh tawp thlengin a tlan thla vek a ni. I kut leh kea sensory nerve te hian i thluak hian pawn lam atanga information a dawn theih nan a pui bawk. Motor nerve hi i taksa peng hrang hrang i tihchet theihna tur a ni.

Movement control dan tur

I taksa pum puia branch chhuak peripheral nerve te hian i thluak atanga i taksa ruh thlengin thupek an keng tel thin. Anni hi i kal kual theihna tur leh thil tih theihna tur siamtu an ni. I hnar hrual ang chi thil awlsam tak tak atanga ball pathum emaw pali emaw juggling ang chi thil harsa tak tak thlengin an ti thei vek.

Thil hriat loha thil thleng (unconscious processes) control

I ``Autonomic Nervous System'' hian i ngaihtuah ngai lovin hna a thawk thin. I thluak peng pakhat, on reng, i nung rengtu process te control tu a ni. I ``PNS'' hi i thluak hian chutiang thil kalphung a thunun theih nan a pawimawh hle. Entirnan, i thinlung thawk dan, thawk dan, thisen sang, leh i ril kal tlanga ei tur kal dan te.

Nerve signal chi hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?

I nerve hi nerve cell tam tak (Nerve Cells emaw Neurons) atanga siam a ni. Heng nerve cell-te hian kut ang maia sei tak, axon . Heng nerve cell leh an axons te hi an inzawm khawm a, nerve fiber an siam a ni. Thread engemaw zat inzawmkhawma siam thread sewing ang mai a ni. Heng nerve bundle-a nerve thenkhat hian thluak lamah information an phur a, thenkhat erawh chuan thluak atanga thu leh hla an phur thung. Nerve signal chi thum a awm a, chungte chu:

Sensory Nerves: Hengte hian thluak leh ruhro (spinal cord)-ah thu a keng tel a. Cranial nerves kaltlangin thluak nen direct-in an inzawm emaw, spinal nerve-ah information an keng a, chu chu spinal cord-ah a kal leh a ni. Sensory nerve te chu spinal cord nena inzawm a ni a, chu chu spinal cord hnung lamah a awm a.
Motor Nerves: Chungte chuan thluak a\angin taksa peng hrang hrangah thupek a keng tel a. Chungte chuan thluak pawn lam chauh information an keng tel a ni. Motor nerve te hi hmalam a spinal cord nen an inzawm a. Chumi awmzia chu heng nerve te hi taksa peng hrang hrang tihchakna tura thupek thawn tur chauh a awm tihna a ni .
Autonomic Nerves: Hei hi i taksa peng leh system hrang hrangte automatic function control tu nerve te an ni. Autonomic nerve te hian nerve fiber mixed an nei fo thin. Ṭhenkhat chuan thluak aṭanga thupekte chu hmun remchangah an keng a, ṭhenkhat erawh chuan chu taksa peng hrang hrangte hnathawh dân chungchâng thu chu thluak lamah an keng kir leh thung.

Engtin nge PNS hian hriatna dangte a puih?

I PNS-a tel Autonomic Nervous System hian i thluak hian i taksa peng pawimawh zawng zawng a thunun thei a ni. I thluak in enkawl turin a pui bawk. Entirnan, i heart rate hi i thluak hian a control a. I thinlung hian i taksa leh thluak ah thisen a pump lut tih a tichiang a ni. Chu thisen kal lo chuan minute tlemte chhungin i thluak chu a thi thei a ni. PNS hian chu taksa peng atanga nerve signal te chu i thluak ah a phur bawk. Entirnan, thil lum i in laia i pum chhunga lumna hriatna te, emaw, ei zawh hnua i khatna hriatna te.

Khawiah nge `(PNS)` chu?

I ``(PNS)`` hi i ruhro leh thluak tih loh chu i taksa pum puiah a darh vek a ni. A chhungah hian:

Cranial Nerves: Thluak nena inzawm tlat nerve pahnih 12 a awm a. Chung zinga 11 chu PNS (cranial nerve pahnihna - i mit hmuhna controltu - chu CNS ta a ni) a ni. Heng nerve 11 te hian i lu, i hmai leh i kawr vunah i rim hriatna, i ri hriatna, i thlum leh i khawih theihna tur mawhphurtu an ni. Chung 11 zinga pakhat, Vagus Nerve chu a tla thla a, i kawr atanga i colon thlengin organ lian zawng zawng nen a inzawm a ni.
Spinal Nerves: Hengte hi i ruhro (spinal) chhunga vertebra (ruh) tin level-a spinal cord nena inzawm nerve pahnih 31 te an ni.

Heng nerve zawng zawng hi a te zawkah a inzar pharh a, i taksa pum puiah a darh vek a ni. A tawpah chuan i kut zungtang, ke ruh emaw, i vun hnuai lam emaw ang chi hmunah an tawp ta a ni.
Nervous system hi thing inher ang maiin han ngaihtuah teh. I thluak hi thing bul a ni a, i ruhro chu a zung a ni. I ``PNS'' chu thing hnah leh hnah ang mai a ni a, i taksa dang zawng zawngah a darh chhuak a ni.
`(PNS)` hi eng atanga siam nge ni?
I PNS hi nerve cell leh structure chi hrang hrang tam tak atanga siam a ni. Neurons hi peripheral leh cranial nerve control center an ni a, axons leh dendrites an nei a, chungte chu highway ang maia information kengtu an ni. Cell chi hrang hrangte chu hetiang hi a ni a, an chungchang hi a hnuaia mi ang hian tarlan a ni:
Neurons te pawh a awm
Neurons chu electrical leh chemical signal hmanga i nervous system zawng zawnga signal thawn leh dawngtu cell an ni. Neuron tin hian hengte hi an nei vek a:
Cell taksa: Hei hi cell peng ber a ni.
Axon: Hei hi cell taksa atanga chhuak, kut ang maia sei tak a ni. Axon tawp lamah hian kut zungtang ang chi extension engemaw zat a awm a, chutah chuan neuron electrical signal chu chemical signal-ah a inthlak a ni. Heng extension, synapses tia koh te hi a bul hnaia nerve cell dangte nen an inzawm a ni.
Dendrites: Hengte hi cell taksaa awm, branching structure te tak te te an ni (a hming hi Latin tawng atanga lak a ni a, a awmzia chu "thing ang" tihna a ni). Dendrites hi neuron dang synapse atanga chemical signal dawnna hmun a ni.
Myelin: Hei hi thau chemical compound layer te tak te a ni. Myelin hian neuron tam tak axon a hual vel a, venhimna sheath angin a thawk a ni.
Neuronal connection hi a buaithlak hle. Neuron pakhata dendrite te hian synapse dang sang tam tak nen an inzawm thei a ni. Neuron thenkhat chu a sei a, thenkhat chu a tawi bawk. Hei hi taksaa an awmna hmun leh an hnathawh danah a innghat a ni.
Glial cells te chu a awm
Glial cell (gl-yal tia lam tur) hian hna hrang hrang an nei a. I naupan laiin neurons siam leh enkawl danah an pui a, i dam chhung zawnga neurons hnathawh dan pawh an enkawl bawk. I nervous system chu infection lakah an venghim a, i nervous system chemical balance an tidanglam a, neurons axons vel myelin sheath an siam bawk. I nervous system-ah hian neuron aiin glial cell a let sawmin a tam zawk a ni.
He nervous system tichhe thei natna leh dinhmun tlanglawn tak takte chu engte nge ni?
Peripheral Neuropathy hi i peripheral nervous system (PNS) natna emaw a chhiat emaw a ni. Hei hian chhan tam tak a nei thei a ni. Entirna tlanglawn thenkhat chu:
Type 2 Diabetes: Type 2 diabetes hi control loh emaw enkawl loh emaw hian i peripheral nervous system (PNS) a tichhe thei a ni. Hei vang hian zunthlum vei te hi an ke leh kea sensation hloh an hlauhawm hle. Hetiang zunthlum hi peripheral neuropathy thlentu ber a ni.
Autoimmune leh inflammatory conditions: Chung zingah chuan Lupus, Guillain-Barré syndrome, leh Rheumatoid Arthritis ang chi natna te pawh a tel.
Hansen natna (phar tia hriat lar zawk): Ram changkang zawka hmuh tur awm lo he natnain a nghawng hi vunah langsar zawk mah se , PNS a tichhe thei bawk.
Congenital leh genetic conditions: Hengte hi i pianpui harsatna a ni. Genetic conditions chu nu leh pa pakhat emaw, nu leh pa pahnih emaw atanga rochun a ni.
Infection: Nerve tihchhiatna hi HIV ang chi virus emaw, Borrelia burgdorferi ang chi bacteria vang emaw a ni thei a, hei hian Lyme natna a thlen thei a ni. Entirna dang pakhat chu shingles a ni a, hei hian hun engemaw chen chu nerve natna a thlen thei a ni.
Damdawi leh damdawi lam kalphung: Cancer damdawi chi hrang hrang leh chemotherapy damdawi te hian PNS a tichhe thei a ni. Hetiang nerve chhiatna hi operation avanga side effect angin a awm thei bawk.
Poisons leh toxins: Toxic heavy metals mercury emaw lead emaw hian PNS a tichhe thei a ni. Industrial chemical tam tak pawhin hetiang chhiatna hi a thlen thei bawk.
Trauma: Accident hian nerve a tichhia thei. Hun rei tak emaw, a awm reng emaw pawh a ni thei. Hliam vanga swelling hian PNS-ah nerve compression a thlen thei bawk. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome leh Sciatica te hi nerve compression avanga natna awm dan entir nan hman theih a ni.
Tumors: Malignant leh benign tumor te hian i PNS hnathawh a tibuai thei a ni.
I `(PNS)` hian i `(CNS)` hmun eng pawh nghawng thei condition-te nghawng a lantir thei bawk. Hengte hian `(PNS)` hi direct-in a nghawng lo thei a, mahse a hnathawh dan a tibuai thei a ni.
`(PNS)` nena inzawm harsatna lan chhuah dan tlangpui emaw, a lan chhuah dan tlangpui te chu engte nge ni?
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)-a harsatna awmte chhinchhiahna chu nerve natna chi hrang hrangah a innghat a ni. Motor nerve chhiatna hian a hnuaia mi ang hian taksa ruh a nghawng thei a ni:
Chaklohna.
Muscle twitching, jerking, trembling, emaw twitching emaw a awm thei.
Muscle tihchhiat (wasting) a ni.
Thununna hloh.
Sensory nerve chhiat hian heng symptoms te hi a thlen thin:
A natna hmuna khawih hriatna tihtlem emaw hloh emaw: Khawih hriatna a tlahniam chuan kutkawr emaw, i khawih dan tikhawlotu thil emaw i bun ang maiin a lang thei. Temperature emaw vibration emaw hriat theihna pawh i hloh thei bawk. Hetiang dinhmun hian kut emaw ke emaw a nghawng chuan hna awlsam tak tak, kea kal emaw, kawr button vuah emaw te chu a harsa hle thei a ni.
Numbness or loss of feeling (Paresthesia): Hei hi kut emaw ke emaw a tingling sensation nen a inang. Phên dangin sawi ila, a natna hmuna "pins and needles" tih hriatna a ni.
Neuropathic pain: Hei hi a natna hmun vel a kang emaw, na tak emaw ang maiin a awm fo thin. A châng chuan, a natna chu a nasa lutuk a, mut theih loh emaw, thil pangngai tih theih loh emaw a ni thei. Thil awm dan thenkhat, Allodynia ang chiah hian thil nêm tak, thawmhnaw emaw, khum emaw ang chi, i taksa a khawih pawhin a natna hi a hriat theih.
Autonomic nerves chhiatna hian heng organ leh system te hi a nghawng thei a ni:
Circulatory system: Autonomic nervous system tihchhiat hian taksain thisen sang a enkawl theihna a tibuai thei a ni.
Digestive system: Digestive system a nghawng na hmun a zirin chaw ei kawngah harsatna a awm thei.
Vun leh temperature control: Autonomic nerve damage nei te hian khaw lum lai pawhin nuam taka awm an harsat thei. An thawkrim lutuk (hyperhidrosis) emaw, an thawk chhuak lo (anhidrosis) emaw pawh a ni thei.
He taksa peng hrisel leh hriselna endikna atana test tih tlanglawn tak takte chu engte nge ni?
I PNS tichhe thei dinhmun hriat theihna tur test tam tak a awm. Test hman tlanglawn ber chu neurological exam a ni . I doctor chuan i taksa peng hrang hrang, a bik takin i kut, kut, ke leh ke te chu kawng engemaw takin hmang turin a ti ang che. Test hman tlanglawn tak tak thenkhat chu:
Thisen test: Hengte hian thil chi hrang hrang a hmuchhuak thei a, immune system lama harsatna atanga toxin leh poison thlengin, a bik takin mercury emaw lead ang chi metal te a hmuchhuak thei a ni.
Nerve conduction test a ni a .
Electromyogram (EMG) hmanga enfiah a ni.
Nerve ultrasound `(Nerve ultrasound)` hmanga tih a ni .
Nerve biopsy hmanga enfiah a ni .
Genetic testing hmanga enfiah a ni .
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) hmanga thil tih a ni .
He taksa peng hi eng enkawl dan tlangpui nge ni?
PNS kaihhnawih harsatna enkawlna pawh a chi hrang hrang ang bawkin a chi hrang hrang a ni. Thil tam takah chuan PNS harsatna thlentu bulpui enkawlna chuan chu system-a nghawng awm chu a tiziaawm thei a ni. Tin, natna pakhat (a nih loh leh a ang chi) atana thawk enkawlnate pawh hian harsatna chi dang tan pawh a thawk thei lo thei bawk. Enkawlna awm thei te chu, mahse a huam chin erawh a ni lo:
Damdawi: PNS lama harsatna awmte enkawl nan damdawi tam tak a awm a. Chûngte chu chi hrang hrang a awm thei a, chu chu injection, damdawi ei emaw, slow-release patch emaw a ni thei.
Surgery: Surgery hian nerve chhe tawhte chu a thlunzawm leh thei a, nerve pinched avanga natna awm chu a tiziaawm thei bawk.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS): Hei hian electrical current na lo tak hmangin nerve-in natna signal a thawn dan a tibuai a ni.
Nerve ablation: Hetiang tih hian tumruh takin nerve nungchang dik lo a tichhe thin. Hetiang chhiatna hian nerve nungchang tha lo chuan thluaka signal a thawn chu a titawp a, chu chuan natna rei tak enkawlnaah a pui thei a ni.
Physical therapy: Hei hian hliam emaw damdawi lam thil emaw atanga dam lehna tur a siam thei a, natna lanchhuahna a tihziaawm thei bawk. I nervous system inthlak danglamnaah pawh insiamrem turin a pui thei bawk.
Acupuncture: Hetiang hmang hian i taksa hmun hrang hrangah needle te tak te tak tak i dah thin. Hetiang hmanraw hi hmân lai Chinese hmanraw anga hriat ni mah se, tunlai damdawiah chuan a hmanna a pung zel a ni. Doctor tam tak, a bik takin anesthesiologist emaw pain management specialist te chuan nerve nena inzawm harsatna enkawl nan acupuncture an hmang thin.
Device leh bun theih hmanrua: Hei hian damdawi hmanrua, brace, cane leh walker te, leh prescription shoe ang chi thil te a huam a ni.
Engtin nge `(PNS)` nena inzawm natna leh harsatna lakah ka inven theih ang?
A pawimawh ber chu `(PNS)` tichhe thei dinhmun tam tak pumpelh hi a ni . I tih theih pawimawh tak tak thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:
Ei leh in inthlau tak ei rawh:Vitamin thenkhat tlakchhamna, a bik takin vitamin B12 tlakchhamna hian i nervous system a tichhe thei a, harsatna lian tak a thlen thei bawk. Vitamin dang, a bik takin B6 hi a tam lutuk chuan a toxic a, chu chuan `(Peripheral Neuropathy)` a thlen thei a ni.
Taksa chak taka awm la, taksa rihna hrisel tak vawng reng rawh: Hei hi i nerve tichhe thei hliam laka inven nan a pawimawh hle. Hei hian i ei leh in nen hian type 2 diabetes lo awm tur venna emaw, tihkhawtlai emaw a pui thei a, hei hian hun kal zelah i PNS a tichhe thei a ni.
A tul hunah invenna hmanrua bun thin ang che: Hliam hi nerve tihchhiatna thlentu lian tak a ni. Hnathawh leh inkhelhna hmuna invenna hmanrua hmang hian heng hliam lakah hian i inveng thei a, hliam nasat dan pawh i tihtlem thei bawk.
Chronic conditions chu a rawt angin enkawl rawh: I (PNS), a bik takin type 2 diabetes tichhe thei khawpa natna khirh tak i neih chuan i doctor-in a rawt angin enkawl a pawimawh. Hei hian natnain nghawng a neih chu tihtlem emaw, a na zual zel theihna tura hun a duh rei emaw a tikhawtlai thei a ni.
A tawp berah chuan hriat reng tur (Take-Home Message) .
I Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) hi i nunah thil pawimawh tak a ni. I kal kual theih nan a pui a, i hriatna atanga i thluak thlengin thu pawimawh tak tak a keng tel bawk. He nervous system enkawlna kawngah hian invenna hi a pawimawh ber a ni . I PNS tichhe thei dinhmun i neih chuan doctor-te chuan chu chu hriatchhuah leh enkawl dan hrang hrang an nei a. Dam theih loh dinhmunah pawh, natna lan chhuahnain i nunah nghawng a neih chu i tihtlem thei tlangpui. Chuvangin, thil danglam tak, natna, rilru hahna, chak lohna te i tawk a nih chuan ngaihthah lovin damdawi lam thurawn lak a pawimawh hle.
Peripheral nervous system, PNS, nerve, thluak, ruhro, neuropathy, hriatna, chetna, autonomic function, neuropathic pain te a awm a

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Hriselna chungchang tlangpuiFebruary 18, 2026
I taksa pum puia kal Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) chungchang hi i zir mai ang u!
Dr. Priya SammaniMedical Verification
⏱ 19 min read
📋Table of Contents
1. Chuti a nih chuan, he peripheral nervous system (PNS) hi eng nge ni?
2. `(PNS)` leh `(CNS)` hi eng nge an danglamna?
3. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) hian eng nge a tih?
4. Thu hriatna thluaka a thlen dan (sensation) .
5. Movement control dan tur
6. Thil hriat loha thil thleng (unconscious processes) control
7. Nerve signal chi hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?
8. Engtin nge PNS hian hriatna dangte a puih?
9. Khawiah nge `(PNS)` chu?
10. `(PNS)` hi eng atanga siam nge ni?
11. Neurons te pawh a awm
12. Glial cells te chu a awm
13. He nervous system tichhe thei natna leh dinhmun tlanglawn tak takte chu engte nge ni?
14. `(PNS)` nena inzawm harsatna lan chhuah dan tlangpui emaw, a lan chhuah dan tlangpui te chu engte nge ni?
15. He taksa peng hrisel leh hriselna endikna atana test tih tlanglawn tak takte chu engte nge ni?
16. He taksa peng hi eng enkawl dan tlangpui nge ni?
17. Engtin nge `(PNS)` nena inzawm natna leh harsatna lakah ka inven theih ang?
18. A tawp berah chuan hriat reng tur (Take-Home Message) .
I taksaah hian information a kal kual dan hi i ngaihtuah ngai em? I kut sawn i ngaihtuah hian engtin nge a awm? A nih loh leh, engtin nge lumna, vawt, a nih loh leh miin a khawih che chuan i hriat? Vawiin hian kan thluak leh ruhro pawn lama inzar pharh nerve network mak tak mai, heng zawng zawnga puitu chungchang kan sawi dawn a ni. Hei hi `(Peripheral Nervous System)` emaw `(PNS)` emaw kan tih chu a ni.
Chuti a nih chuan, he peripheral nervous system (PNS) hi eng nge ni?
A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, PNS hi i taksa chhunga nerve kal tlangte network a ni a, i thluak leh i ruhro (Central Nervous System emaw CNS kan tih) tih loh chu. Thluak leh ruhro (spinal cord) hi ram pakhata khawpui lian pahnih ang a ni. Mahse, chu khawpui pahnih, leh khaw dang leh in dang zawng zawng inzawmkhawmna kawngpui network a awm tur a ni lo. Chutiang chuan PNS chu a ni. Hna pawimawh pahnih a nei a, chungte chu: 1. I taksa peng hrang hrang – i kut leh ke, vun, mit, beng, etc. atanga information lakkhawm a, thluak leh ruhro lama thawn chhuah. . Chu hrehawmna chu engtin nge i hriat ang? Chutah chuan `(PNS)` chhunga nerve te chuan "I got a thorn" tih thuchah chu thluak lamah an hruai thin. Tichuan thluak chuan, "Ah, ka ke chu ka sawn hlat a ngai a ni," tiin thutlukna a siam ta a ni. Chu thupek chu `(PNS)` kaltlangin i ke ruh (muscles) thlengin a kal leh a, i ke chu i sawn chhuak ta a ni. Mak a ni lo maw? He `(PNS)` hian a thunun thil thenkhat, entirnan, i thinlung thawk leh i riltam te hi a thleng nghal mai thin . Chumi awmzia chu anmahni ngaihtuah pawh a ngai lo tihna a ni. Mahse kut phar leh thusawi ang chi hi chu hriatna neia i tih thin a ni . Heng pahnihah hian `(PNS)` hi a inrawlh a ni.
`(PNS)` leh `(CNS)` hi eng nge an danglamna?
Kan sawi tawh ang khan kan nervous system-ah hian thil pawimawh pahnih a awm a, chungte chu:
Central Nervous System (CNS): Hei hi thluak leh ruhro chauh a ni . Hei hi kan taksa "control center" ang a ni.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Hei hi CNS pawn lama nerve awm zawng zawng a ni. Heng nerve te hi spinal cord leh thluak hmun thenkhat atanga tan in i hmai leh i taksa peng dang zawng zawngah a tlan thin. "Peripheral" tih thumal hian "a chhehvel" emaw "center pawn lam" emaw tihna a ni.
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) hian eng nge a tih?
I `(PNS)` ah hian subsystem lian pahnih a awm a: 1. The `(Autonomic Nervous System)`:Hengte hi i ngaihtuah ngai lovin automatic-a i control thin process te chu an ni. Entirnan, thawk, thinlung na, chaw ei. 2. Somatic Nervous System: Hengte hi hriatna neia i control thin process te an ni. Entirnan, kea kal, ziak, thusawi. Heng subsystem pahnih hmang hian PNS hian a hna lian pathum a thawk thei a ni:
Senses : I chhehvel khawvel chungchang thluak hnena hriattirna pe turin PNS hi a pawimawh hle. Hei hi Somatic Nervous System-a tel a ni. I thil hmuh, i hriat, i hriat (cold, heat, touch , pain), i taste, i rim, zawng zawng hi PNS kaltlangin thluak lamah a kal vek a ni.
Movement: PNS chhunga nerve te hian i taksa ruh zawng zawngah thupek an keng tel a, chu chu i hriat rengin i thunun thei a ni. Hei hi Somatic Nervous System-ah pawh a tel ve a ni. I hnar hrual ang chi thil awlsam tak atanga zai ang chi thil buaithlak tak thlengin a huam vek a ni.
Unconscious processes: Hengte hi thluak hian i ngaihtuah ngai lova nung reng tura a tih thin thil pawimawh tak takte chu a ni. Entîr nân, heart rate leh blood pressure ang chi thilte . Hei hi `` Autonomic Nervous System '' hian a pui a ni.
Thu hriatna thluaka a thlen dan (sensation) .
I thluak hi supercomputer chak tak angin han ngaihtuah teh. Mahse chu computer, pawn lam atanga input engmah awm lo chuan pawn lam thil engmah a hre thei lo. Chuvang chuan PNS hi a pawimawh em em a ni. Computer-in pawn lam atanga thu hriat tur a dawn theih nan camera, microphone leh keyboard a mamawh ang bawkin thluak pawhin PNS a mamawh a ni. I PNS chu i thluak in pawn lam thil a dawn dan a ni. PNS chhunga nerve tam tak chu ruhro (spinal cord) nen an inzawm a, taksa peng dangah an kal a ni. Mahse nerve chi khat bik a awm a, chu chu Cranial Nerves , thluak nena inzawm tlat a ni. Heng nerve te hian i hnar, beng leh ka atanga signal te, chubakah hriatna dang tam tak atanga signal te chu thluak ah an phur lut thin. Heng cranial nerve te hi i hmai, lu leh kawr vun khawih theihna petu an ni bawk. Peripheral nerve dangte chu i taksa pum puiah a darh vek a. Chungte chu i kut zungtang leh ke ruh tawp thlengin a tlan thla vek a ni. I kut leh kea sensory nerve te hian i thluak hian pawn lam atanga information a dawn theih nan a pui bawk. Motor nerve hi i taksa peng hrang hrang i tihchet theihna tur a ni.
Movement control dan tur
I taksa pum puia branch chhuak peripheral nerve te hian i thluak atanga i taksa ruh thlengin thupek an keng tel thin. Anni hi i kal kual theihna tur leh thil tih theihna tur siamtu an ni. I hnar hrual ang chi thil awlsam tak tak atanga ball pathum emaw pali emaw juggling ang chi thil harsa tak tak thlengin an ti thei vek.
Thil hriat loha thil thleng (unconscious processes) control
I ``Autonomic Nervous System'' hian i ngaihtuah ngai lovin hna a thawk thin. I thluak peng pakhat, on reng, i nung rengtu process te control tu a ni. I ``PNS'' hi i thluak hian chutiang thil kalphung a thunun theih nan a pawimawh hle. Entirnan, i thinlung thawk dan, thawk dan, thisen sang, leh i ril kal tlanga ei tur kal dan te.
Nerve signal chi hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?
I nerve hi nerve cell tam tak (Nerve Cells emaw Neurons) atanga siam a ni. Heng nerve cell-te hian kut ang maia sei tak, axon . Heng nerve cell leh an axons te hi an inzawm khawm a, nerve fiber an siam a ni. Thread engemaw zat inzawmkhawma siam thread sewing ang mai a ni. Heng nerve bundle-a nerve thenkhat hian thluak lamah information an phur a, thenkhat erawh chuan thluak atanga thu leh hla an phur thung. Nerve signal chi thum a awm a, chungte chu:
Sensory Nerves: Hengte hian thluak leh ruhro (spinal cord)-ah thu a keng tel a. Cranial nerves kaltlangin thluak nen direct-in an inzawm emaw, spinal nerve-ah information an keng a, chu chu spinal cord-ah a kal leh a ni. Sensory nerve te chu spinal cord nena inzawm a ni a, chu chu spinal cord hnung lamah a awm a.
Motor Nerves: Chungte chuan thluak a\angin taksa peng hrang hrangah thupek a keng tel a. Chungte chuan thluak pawn lam chauh information an keng tel a ni. Motor nerve te hi hmalam a spinal cord nen an inzawm a. Chumi awmzia chu heng nerve te hi taksa peng hrang hrang tihchakna tura thupek thawn tur chauh a awm tihna a ni .
Autonomic Nerves: Hei hi i taksa peng leh system hrang hrangte automatic function control tu nerve te an ni. Autonomic nerve te hian nerve fiber mixed an nei fo thin. Ṭhenkhat chuan thluak aṭanga thupekte chu hmun remchangah an keng a, ṭhenkhat erawh chuan chu taksa peng hrang hrangte hnathawh dân chungchâng thu chu thluak lamah an keng kir leh thung.
Engtin nge PNS hian hriatna dangte a puih?
I PNS-a tel Autonomic Nervous System hian i thluak hian i taksa peng pawimawh zawng zawng a thunun thei a ni. I thluak in enkawl turin a pui bawk. Entirnan, i heart rate hi i thluak hian a control a. I thinlung hian i taksa leh thluak ah thisen a pump lut tih a tichiang a ni. Chu thisen kal lo chuan minute tlemte chhungin i thluak chu a thi thei a ni. PNS hian chu taksa peng atanga nerve signal te chu i thluak ah a phur bawk. Entirnan, thil lum i in laia i pum chhunga lumna hriatna te, emaw, ei zawh hnua i khatna hriatna te.
Khawiah nge `(PNS)` chu?
I ``(PNS)`` hi i ruhro leh thluak tih loh chu i taksa pum puiah a darh vek a ni. A chhungah hian:
Cranial Nerves: Thluak nena inzawm tlat nerve pahnih 12 a awm a. Chung zinga 11 chu PNS (cranial nerve pahnihna - i mit hmuhna controltu - chu CNS ta a ni) a ni. Heng nerve 11 te hian i lu, i hmai leh i kawr vunah i rim hriatna, i ri hriatna, i thlum leh i khawih theihna tur mawhphurtu an ni. Chung 11 zinga pakhat, Vagus Nerve chu a tla thla a, i kawr atanga i colon thlengin organ lian zawng zawng nen a inzawm a ni.
Spinal Nerves: Hengte hi i ruhro (spinal) chhunga vertebra (ruh) tin level-a spinal cord nena inzawm nerve pahnih 31 te an ni.
Heng nerve zawng zawng hi a te zawkah a inzar pharh a, i taksa pum puiah a darh vek a ni. A tawpah chuan i kut zungtang, ke ruh emaw, i vun hnuai lam emaw ang chi hmunah an tawp ta a ni.
Nervous system hi thing inher ang maiin han ngaihtuah teh. I thluak hi thing bul a ni a, i ruhro chu a zung a ni. I ``PNS'' chu thing hnah leh hnah ang mai a ni a, i taksa dang zawng zawngah a darh chhuak a ni.
`(PNS)` hi eng atanga siam nge ni?
I PNS hi nerve cell leh structure chi hrang hrang tam tak atanga siam a ni. Neurons hi peripheral leh cranial nerve control center an ni a, axons leh dendrites an nei a, chungte chu highway ang maia information kengtu an ni. Cell chi hrang hrangte chu hetiang hi a ni a, an chungchang hi a hnuaia mi ang hian tarlan a ni:
Neurons te pawh a awm
Neurons chu electrical leh chemical signal hmanga i nervous system zawng zawnga signal thawn leh dawngtu cell an ni. Neuron tin hian hengte hi an nei vek a:
Cell taksa: Hei hi cell peng ber a ni.
Axon: Hei hi cell taksa atanga chhuak, kut ang maia sei tak a ni. Axon tawp lamah hian kut zungtang ang chi extension engemaw zat a awm a, chutah chuan neuron electrical signal chu chemical signal-ah a inthlak a ni. Heng extension, synapses tia koh te hi a bul hnaia nerve cell dangte nen an inzawm a ni.
Dendrites: Hengte hi cell taksaa awm, branching structure te tak te te an ni (a hming hi Latin tawng atanga lak a ni a, a awmzia chu "thing ang" tihna a ni). Dendrites hi neuron dang synapse atanga chemical signal dawnna hmun a ni.
Myelin: Hei hi thau chemical compound layer te tak te a ni. Myelin hian neuron tam tak axon a hual vel a, venhimna sheath angin a thawk a ni.
Neuronal connection hi a buaithlak hle. Neuron pakhata dendrite te hian synapse dang sang tam tak nen an inzawm thei a ni. Neuron thenkhat chu a sei a, thenkhat chu a tawi bawk. Hei hi taksaa an awmna hmun leh an hnathawh danah a innghat a ni.
Glial cells te chu a awm
Glial cell (gl-yal tia lam tur) hian hna hrang hrang an nei a. I naupan laiin neurons siam leh enkawl danah an pui a, i dam chhung zawnga neurons hnathawh dan pawh an enkawl bawk. I nervous system chu infection lakah an venghim a, i nervous system chemical balance an tidanglam a, neurons axons vel myelin sheath an siam bawk. I nervous system-ah hian neuron aiin glial cell a let sawmin a tam zawk a ni.
He nervous system tichhe thei natna leh dinhmun tlanglawn tak takte chu engte nge ni?
Peripheral Neuropathy hi i peripheral nervous system (PNS) natna emaw a chhiat emaw a ni. Hei hian chhan tam tak a nei thei a ni. Entirna tlanglawn thenkhat chu:
Type 2 Diabetes: Type 2 diabetes hi control loh emaw enkawl loh emaw hian i peripheral nervous system (PNS) a tichhe thei a ni. Hei vang hian zunthlum vei te hi an ke leh kea sensation hloh an hlauhawm hle. Hetiang zunthlum hi peripheral neuropathy thlentu ber a ni.
Autoimmune leh inflammatory conditions: Chung zingah chuan Lupus, Guillain-Barré syndrome, leh Rheumatoid Arthritis ang chi natna te pawh a tel.
Hansen natna (phar tia hriat lar zawk): Ram changkang zawka hmuh tur awm lo he natnain a nghawng hi vunah langsar zawk mah se , PNS a tichhe thei bawk.
Congenital leh genetic conditions: Hengte hi i pianpui harsatna a ni. Genetic conditions chu nu leh pa pakhat emaw, nu leh pa pahnih emaw atanga rochun a ni.
Infection: Nerve tihchhiatna hi HIV ang chi virus emaw, Borrelia burgdorferi ang chi bacteria vang emaw a ni thei a, hei hian Lyme natna a thlen thei a ni. Entirna dang pakhat chu shingles a ni a, hei hian hun engemaw chen chu nerve natna a thlen thei a ni.
Damdawi leh damdawi lam kalphung: Cancer damdawi chi hrang hrang leh chemotherapy damdawi te hian PNS a tichhe thei a ni. Hetiang nerve chhiatna hi operation avanga side effect angin a awm thei bawk.
Poisons leh toxins: Toxic heavy metals mercury emaw lead emaw hian PNS a tichhe thei a ni. Industrial chemical tam tak pawhin hetiang chhiatna hi a thlen thei bawk.
Trauma: Accident hian nerve a tichhia thei. Hun rei tak emaw, a awm reng emaw pawh a ni thei. Hliam vanga swelling hian PNS-ah nerve compression a thlen thei bawk. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome leh Sciatica te hi nerve compression avanga natna awm dan entir nan hman theih a ni.
Tumors: Malignant leh benign tumor te hian i PNS hnathawh a tibuai thei a ni.
I `(PNS)` hian i `(CNS)` hmun eng pawh nghawng thei condition-te nghawng a lantir thei bawk. Hengte hian `(PNS)` hi direct-in a nghawng lo thei a, mahse a hnathawh dan a tibuai thei a ni.
`(PNS)` nena inzawm harsatna lan chhuah dan tlangpui emaw, a lan chhuah dan tlangpui te chu engte nge ni?
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)-a harsatna awmte chhinchhiahna chu nerve natna chi hrang hrangah a innghat a ni. Motor nerve chhiatna hian a hnuaia mi ang hian taksa ruh a nghawng thei a ni:
Chaklohna.
Muscle twitching, jerking, trembling, emaw twitching emaw a awm thei.
Muscle tihchhiat (wasting) a ni.
Thununna hloh.
Sensory nerve chhiat hian heng symptoms te hi a thlen thin:
A natna hmuna khawih hriatna tihtlem emaw hloh emaw: Khawih hriatna a tlahniam chuan kutkawr emaw, i khawih dan tikhawlotu thil emaw i bun ang maiin a lang thei. Temperature emaw vibration emaw hriat theihna pawh i hloh thei bawk. Hetiang dinhmun hian kut emaw ke emaw a nghawng chuan hna awlsam tak tak, kea kal emaw, kawr button vuah emaw te chu a harsa hle thei a ni.
Numbness or loss of feeling (Paresthesia): Hei hi kut emaw ke emaw a tingling sensation nen a inang. Phên dangin sawi ila, a natna hmuna "pins and needles" tih hriatna a ni.
Neuropathic pain: Hei hi a natna hmun vel a kang emaw, na tak emaw ang maiin a awm fo thin. A châng chuan, a natna chu a nasa lutuk a, mut theih loh emaw, thil pangngai tih theih loh emaw a ni thei. Thil awm dan thenkhat, Allodynia ang chiah hian thil nêm tak, thawmhnaw emaw, khum emaw ang chi, i taksa a khawih pawhin a natna hi a hriat theih.
Autonomic nerves chhiatna hian heng organ leh system te hi a nghawng thei a ni:
Circulatory system: Autonomic nervous system tihchhiat hian taksain thisen sang a enkawl theihna a tibuai thei a ni.
Digestive system: Digestive system a nghawng na hmun a zirin chaw ei kawngah harsatna a awm thei.
Vun leh temperature control: Autonomic nerve damage nei te hian khaw lum lai pawhin nuam taka awm an harsat thei. An thawkrim lutuk (hyperhidrosis) emaw, an thawk chhuak lo (anhidrosis) emaw pawh a ni thei.
He taksa peng hrisel leh hriselna endikna atana test tih tlanglawn tak takte chu engte nge ni?
I PNS tichhe thei dinhmun hriat theihna tur test tam tak a awm. Test hman tlanglawn ber chu neurological exam a ni . I doctor chuan i taksa peng hrang hrang, a bik takin i kut, kut, ke leh ke te chu kawng engemaw takin hmang turin a ti ang che. Test hman tlanglawn tak tak thenkhat chu:
Thisen test: Hengte hian thil chi hrang hrang a hmuchhuak thei a, immune system lama harsatna atanga toxin leh poison thlengin, a bik takin mercury emaw lead ang chi metal te a hmuchhuak thei a ni.
Nerve conduction test a ni a .
Electromyogram (EMG) hmanga enfiah a ni.
Nerve ultrasound `(Nerve ultrasound)` hmanga tih a ni .
Nerve biopsy hmanga enfiah a ni .
Genetic testing hmanga enfiah a ni .
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) hmanga thil tih a ni .
He taksa peng hi eng enkawl dan tlangpui nge ni?
PNS kaihhnawih harsatna enkawlna pawh a chi hrang hrang ang bawkin a chi hrang hrang a ni. Thil tam takah chuan PNS harsatna thlentu bulpui enkawlna chuan chu system-a nghawng awm chu a tiziaawm thei a ni. Tin, natna pakhat (a nih loh leh a ang chi) atana thawk enkawlnate pawh hian harsatna chi dang tan pawh a thawk thei lo thei bawk. Enkawlna awm thei te chu, mahse a huam chin erawh a ni lo:
Damdawi: PNS lama harsatna awmte enkawl nan damdawi tam tak a awm a. Chûngte chu chi hrang hrang a awm thei a, chu chu injection, damdawi ei emaw, slow-release patch emaw a ni thei.
Surgery: Surgery hian nerve chhe tawhte chu a thlunzawm leh thei a, nerve pinched avanga natna awm chu a tiziaawm thei bawk.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS): Hei hian electrical current na lo tak hmangin nerve-in natna signal a thawn dan a tibuai a ni.
Nerve ablation: Hetiang tih hian tumruh takin nerve nungchang dik lo a tichhe thin. Hetiang chhiatna hian nerve nungchang tha lo chuan thluaka signal a thawn chu a titawp a, chu chuan natna rei tak enkawlnaah a pui thei a ni.
Physical therapy: Hei hian hliam emaw damdawi lam thil emaw atanga dam lehna tur a siam thei a, natna lanchhuahna a tihziaawm thei bawk. I nervous system inthlak danglamnaah pawh insiamrem turin a pui thei bawk.
Acupuncture: Hetiang hmang hian i taksa hmun hrang hrangah needle te tak te tak tak i dah thin. Hetiang hmanraw hi hmân lai Chinese hmanraw anga hriat ni mah se, tunlai damdawiah chuan a hmanna a pung zel a ni. Doctor tam tak, a bik takin anesthesiologist emaw pain management specialist te chuan nerve nena inzawm harsatna enkawl nan acupuncture an hmang thin.
Device leh bun theih hmanrua: Hei hian damdawi hmanrua, brace, cane leh walker te, leh prescription shoe ang chi thil te a huam a ni.
Engtin nge `(PNS)` nena inzawm natna leh harsatna lakah ka inven theih ang?
A pawimawh ber chu `(PNS)` tichhe thei dinhmun tam tak pumpelh hi a ni . I tih theih pawimawh tak tak thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:
Ei leh in inthlau tak ei rawh:Vitamin thenkhat tlakchhamna, a bik takin vitamin B12 tlakchhamna hian i nervous system a tichhe thei a, harsatna lian tak a thlen thei bawk. Vitamin dang, a bik takin B6 hi a tam lutuk chuan a toxic a, chu chuan `(Peripheral Neuropathy)` a thlen thei a ni.
Taksa chak taka awm la, taksa rihna hrisel tak vawng reng rawh: Hei hi i nerve tichhe thei hliam laka inven nan a pawimawh hle. Hei hian i ei leh in nen hian type 2 diabetes lo awm tur venna emaw, tihkhawtlai emaw a pui thei a, hei hian hun kal zelah i PNS a tichhe thei a ni.
A tul hunah invenna hmanrua bun thin ang che: Hliam hi nerve tihchhiatna thlentu lian tak a ni. Hnathawh leh inkhelhna hmuna invenna hmanrua hmang hian heng hliam lakah hian i inveng thei a, hliam nasat dan pawh i tihtlem thei bawk.
Chronic conditions chu a rawt angin enkawl rawh: I (PNS), a bik takin type 2 diabetes tichhe thei khawpa natna khirh tak i neih chuan i doctor-in a rawt angin enkawl a pawimawh. Hei hian natnain nghawng a neih chu tihtlem emaw, a na zual zel theihna tura hun a duh rei emaw a tikhawtlai thei a ni.
A tawp berah chuan hriat reng tur (Take-Home Message) .
I Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) hi i nunah thil pawimawh tak a ni. I kal kual theih nan a pui a, i hriatna atanga i thluak thlengin thu pawimawh tak tak a keng tel bawk. He nervous system enkawlna kawngah hian invenna hi a pawimawh ber a ni . I PNS tichhe thei dinhmun i neih chuan doctor-te chuan chu chu hriatchhuah leh enkawl dan hrang hrang an nei a. Dam theih loh dinhmunah pawh, natna lan chhuahnain i nunah nghawng a neih chu i tihtlem thei tlangpui. Chuvangin, thil danglam tak, natna, rilru hahna, chak lohna te i tawk a nih chuan ngaihthah lovin damdawi lam thurawn lak a pawimawh hle.
Peripheral nervous system, PNS, nerve, thluak, ruhro, neuropathy, hriatna, chetna, autonomic function, neuropathic pain te a awm a
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.
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