Bacteria chungchang zawng zawng: ṭhian ṭha leh hmêlma hlauhawm tak takte pawh!

Dawr atanga thil i ei hnua i pum na i neih chuan, "Aw, bacteria ka kai em tih ka hre lo," tiin i ngaihtuah thin a ni lawm ni? A nih loh leh doctor-in, "Hei hi bacteria infection a ni" a tih hian kan hlauthawng deuh thin. ‘Bacteria’ tih thumal kan hriat hian natna leh hrik ang chi thil tha lo tak tak kan rilruah a lo lang thin. Mahse, a thawnthu tak tak chu a danglam hle tih i hria em? He bacteria khawvelah hian min puitu \hian \ha tak tak an awm a, chubakah hmêlma hlauhawm tak tak, min natna thlentu an awm bawk. Vawiin hian heng bacteria chungchang zawng zawng hi awlsam tak, inbiakna nei takin i hrethiam ang u.

Bacteria hi eng nge ni tak tak?

A awlsam zawngin, bacteria chu cell pakhat aṭanga siam thil nung tê tê a ni . Mit hmuh theih loh an ni a, microscope hmang chauha hmuh theih an ni. Bacterium pakhat chu ``bacterium'' kan ti a.

Ngaihtuah teh, khawvel hmun tinah hian bacteria tluklehdingawn tam tak a awm a ni. Leiah te, tuiah te, boruakah te, rannung taksaah te, i taksa chhung leh i taksa chungah pawh. Ni e, bacteria hi khawi hmunah pawh a awm a, i vunah, i ka chhungah, i hnar chhungah, i intestines-ah, i urinary tract-ah te an cheng a ni. Scientist-te sawi dan chuan kan taksaah hian mihring cell aiin a let sawma tam bacteria cell kan nei a ni! Mak tak mai, a dik em? Mahse, a dik a ni.

Bacteria zawng zawng hi a chhe vek em? Bacteria "tha" a awm em?

Hetah hian mi tam takin an hriat loh thil a awm. Bacteria tam zawk hian min tichhe lo. Dik tak chuan bacteria thenkhat hi kan taksa tan an pawimawh tak zet a ni. Kan taksaa awm heng bacteria \angkai tak takte hi "friendly bacteria" emaw ``microbiome'' emaw kan tih hi an ni. Kan taksa chhunga tanpuitu tenau sipai rual ang mai a ni.

Heng mite hi kan vun leh chaw ei (intestines)-ah an awm tam ber.

• Digestion-ah a pui: Kan eitur thenkhat chu kan taksain a ei zo lo. Heng bacteria tha tak takte hian chu ei tur chu an tichhia a, an ei zo a, taksain an atanga ei tur tha a lakluh theih nan a pui bawk.
• Vitamin siam a ni: Vitamin thenkhat, entirnan vitamin K leh vitamin B thenkhat te hi kan intestines-a heng bacteria te hian an siam a ni.
• Bacteria tha lo lakah a venghim: Kan intestines-a heng bacteria tha tak takte hi kan neih chhung chuan pawn lam atanga bacteria tha lo, natna thlen thei lo lut leh awlsam taka awm kan phal lo. Kan awm lai hian rukru tan kan inah luh a harsa ang bawkin.

Kan ei thin skim milk leh yogurt ang chi thilah hian heng bacteria tha tak tak hi a tam hle. ``Probiotics`` kan ti bawk. Hengte hian kan intestine hriselna atan nasa takin a pui a ni.

Bacteria "tha lo" min ti na thin

Bacteria tha tak tak rual hian min natna thlen thei bacteria chi hrang hrang hlauhawm tak tak a awm bawk. Heng natna thlentu bacteria , emaw `Pathogens` kan ti thin.

Heng natna thlentu bacteria te hi kan taksaa an luh chuan an inthen darh a, an darh chak hle. An darh zel chuan toxin an siam chhuak thin. Heng toxins te hian khawsik, natna, leh luak chhuak ang chi symptoms a thlen thin. Hei hi bacteria infection kan ti a .

Tui thianghlim tawk lo in emaw, sa tui lo ei emaw, pum na leh ril\am te chu han mitthla teh. A tam zawkah chuan a chhan chu `(Escherichia coli)` ang chi bacteria a ni.

A hnuaia table-a kan hmuh tlangpui bacteria tha lo chi thenkhat hi han thlir ila.

A chang chuan heng bacteria tha lo te hi kan thisenah a lut thei bawk. Hei hi ``Septicemia'' emaw "thisen rimchhia" emaw kan ti thin. Hei hi a hlauhawm hle mai. Heng natna hrik te hi thisen kaltlangin taksa pum puiah an darh chuan kan taksa immune system chu overdrive-ah a kal a, chu chuan natna khirh tak, nunna atana hlauhawm tak ``Sepsis'' an tih chu a thlen a ni.

Engtin nge doctor-te hian heng bacteria chi hrang hrangte hi an hriat theih?

Bacteria infection i neih chuan i doctor chuan antibiotic a pe thei che a ni. Mahse bacteria zawng zawng hi a inang vek lo. Chuvangin, eng bacteria nge i natna thlentu tih chiang taka hriat a pawimawh. Chutiang ti tur chuan scientist leh doctor-te chuan bacteria chi hrang hrang thliar hrang turin kawng hrang hrang an hmang a.

1. A pianzia a zirin thliar hrang rawh

Bacteria hian pianphung lian pathum a nei a.

• Cocci: A pianzia chu a zungpui a, ball te tak te ang mai a ni.
• Rod-shaped (Bacilli): An sei a, thinghnah te tak te ang mai an ni.
• Spirochetes: Spiral ang chi, thread ang maia awm.

2. Oxygen mamawh dan azirin

• Aerobes: Heng thil nungte hi an dam khawchhuah theih nan oxygen an mamawh a.
• Anaerobes: Heng mite hi oxygen awmna hmunah an cheng lo. Oxygen hi an tan chuan rulhut ang a ni.
• Facultative: Heng mite hi oxygen nei emaw nei lo emaw pawhin an nung thei.

3. Test bik pakhat Gram Staining tih a ni

Hei hi bacteria chi hrang hrang thliar hranna atana hman thin test pawimawh tak a ni. Bacteria sample-ah chemical bik (dyes) dah tel a ni. Heng dye te hi bacteria te hian engtin nge an tih dan a zirin group lian pahnih ah then theih a ni. Chungte chu Gram-positive leh Gram-negative te an ni.

Heng chi hnih te hi cell wall structure a danglam avangin pigment te hi an chhanna a inang lo hle. Tin, heng chi hnih te hi antibiotics pek tur chi hrang hrang a inang lo.

Bacteria leh Virus - Eng nge an danglamna?

Hei hi mi tam tak buaina hmun a ni. Bacteria leh virus hi thil chi hrang hrang pahnih a ni. An pahnih hian natna thlen mah se, an pahnih inkarah hian danglamna lian tak a awm. A pawimawh ber chu an pahnih enkawl dan hi a inang lo vek a ni.

Antibiotics leh a do theihna hlauhawm tak takte

Bacteria infection kan neih hian kan taksa immune system hian a do let thin. Mahse a chang chuan chu indona hneh tur chuan pawn lam tanpuina kan mamawh thin. Chutah chuan antibiotics a lo lut a, heng damdawi te hian bacteria cell wall tichhe emaw, an DNA tihchhiat emaw hmangin an piang chhuak thei lo.

Amaherawhchu antibiotics kan hman dawnin kan fimkhur hle a ngai a ni. A chhan chu antibiotics hman tam lutuk emaw, dik lo emaw a nih chuan bacteria te chuan chu damdawi chu an do thei tan ta a ni. Hei hi ``Antibiotic resistance'' an ti a.

Damdawi inang kan hman chhunzawm zel hian bacteria chuan chu damdawi chu a ‘hmangaih’ zauh zauh thin tih han ngaihtuah teh. Hmelma kan ralthuam nena insiamrem ang mai a ni. Tichuan, damdawi chu kan pe a nih pawhin bacteria chu a thi lovang. `(MRSA - methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)` hi bacteria chi hlauhawm tak, chutiang damdawi laka inven theihna entir nan hman a ni.

Kan rama mi tam takin an tihsual pakhat chu damdawi dawrah kal a, khawsik emaw, khawsik emaw an neih veleh antibiotic dil nghal mai hi a ni. Hei hi thil hlauhawm tak a ni. Viral infection i neih chuan chu damdawi chuan a pui dawn lo tak zet a ni. Tin, doctor thurawn tel lova hengte hi i hman chuan , bacteria te hian heng damdawi te hi an hmang thiam thei a, ni khat chu bacteria infection na tak i neih tak tak hunah chuan damdawi hman tur awm lohna dinhmun a awm thei bawk.

Chuvangin,

• Doctor in a pek chuan antibiotics chauh ei thin ang che .
• I doctor-in damdawi a pek chu a hun bituk chhung zawng ei thin ang che . Ni hnih khat chhungin i natna lan chhuah dan a lo tha leh a nih pawhin damdawi chu ni engzat nge i tih ang zawng zawng chu ei la. I tih loh chuan bacteria thah kim loh te chu i taksaah a lo thang lian leh thei a, damdawi lakah pawh a do thei lo.

Bacteria chungchanga thawnthu mak zawk

• Engtin nge bacteria hi an pian chhuah? Bacteria tam zawk hi chu ``binary fission'' tih hmangin an piang chhuak thin a, hei hian bacteria cell pakhat chu pahnih ah a inthen a, cell thar pahnih a siam tihna a ni. Hei hi a thleng rang hle. Chuvang chuan infection chu a darh chak hle a ni.
• Plastic ei thei bacteria te!Kum 2016 khan Japan rama scientist pawl pakhat chuan plastic bottle ei thin bacteria chi khat (`Ideonella sakaiensis`) an hmuchhuak a. Bacteria hian organic matter an ei tlangpui. Mahse he bacteria hian plastic bottle siamtu chemical ``(PET)`` chu a ei zo vek a ni. Scientist-te chuan hetiang bacteria hian engtikah emaw chuan khawvel plastic bawlhhlawh buaina chinfelna a siam ngei an beisei.