"Diabetes ka vei em tih ka hre lo..." Hetiang hlauhna emaw zawhna emaw hi i nei tawh em? Chutiang thil chu zun tam lutuk, tuihal lutuk, leh chhan awm lova taksa rihna tlahniam ang chi i hriat hian thil pangngai tak a ni. Mahse, hlau suh. Miin thil a sawi vang mai maia i rilruah natna i ngaihtuah tan hmain, zunthlum natna hi damdawi lam atanga finfiah dan tur i sawi hmasa ang. Hei hian hriatthiamna chiang tak a pe ang che.
Zunthlum hriat theihna atana test hman berte chu engte nge ni?
A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, zunthlum hi kan thisena sugar (glucose) level chu a pangngai aia sang a nih chuan a ni. Chuvangin, thisen test eng emaw zat neih a ni a, hei hi i nei em tih enfiah a ni. A châng chuan i doctor chu test pakhat chauh hmangin a lungawi lo thei a, test dang tih leh a duh mai thei bawk. Heng test te hi eng nge ni tih i lo en ang u.
1. Chaw ngheia Plasma Glucose (FPG) test
Hei hi test hman tlanglawn ber a ni. A hming ang ngeiin hei hian thisen sample pek hmain darkar 8 tal chaw nghei a ngai a ni. Tui tlem in pawh a pawi lo. He test hi zanriah ei kham leh a tuk zingah tih thin a ni tlangpui. A rah chhuah hi hrilhfiah a awlsam hle.
2. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) tih a ni ang.
He test hi FPG aiin a sensitive deuh a, prediabetes pawh a hmuchhuak thei tihna a ni. Mahse perform tur chuan hun rei vak lo a ngai thung.
Hei hi a ni:
- A hmasa berin darkar 8 tal chaw nghei la, chutah chuan thisen sample i pe (FPG ang bawkin).
- Tichuan, tuiah glucose gram 75 hmin awmna tui bik in tur i pe ang.
- A in hnu darkar 2 chiah ah thisen sample dang lak leh a ni.
Heng thisen sample pahnih a sugar level en hian thutlukna siam a ni. He OGTT test tho hi gestational diabetes hriat theihna atan pawh hman a ni. Mahse, darkar engemaw zat chhunga thisen vawi tam tak lak a ngai a ni.
3. Random Plasma Glucose Test neih a ni ang
He test hian chaw nghei emaw ei emaw pawh a pawimawh lo. Nitin engtik lai pawhin thisen sample lak a ni a, i thisen sugar level enfiah a ni. Mahse, he test ringawt hian zunthlum a finfiah lo. Diabetes symptoms langsar tak tak ( zun tam lutuk, tuihal lutuk ang chi) nei chuan he test-ah hian thisen sugar level a sang hle a nih chuan doctor chuan FPG emaw OGTT test emaw hmanga a hmuhchhuah thu a ti ang.
4. Thla 3 chhunga test (Hemoglobin A1c - HbA1c) .
Hei hi fiahna pawimawh tak a ni. I thisen sugar chu vawi khatah a teh lo. Thla 2-3 kalta chhunga i thisen sugar control that dan average a ni.Hei hi i hmuh chu a ni. Hemi atan hian chaw nghei a ngai lo. Nitin engtik lai pawhin i ti thei. Hei hi zunthlum hmuhchhuahna atan a tangkai hle a, chubakah zunthlum vei tawhte control dan enfiahna atan pawh a tangkai hle.
A pawimawh ber chu heng test zinga pakhat mah result chauh rinchhan lovin, i doctor nen inbiakna neihpui a, a thurawn zawm hi a ni.
Test result hi engtin nge kan hriatthiam ang?
Okay, tunah chuan heng test te value te hian eng nge a awmzia tih hi han en ila. Heng table-te hi enin nangmah ngeiin i chhui chhuak thei ang.
| Diabetes leh prediabetes hmuhchhuah | |
|---|---|
| Test neihna tur hming | Result (mg/dL emaw %) a ni. |
| Hriselna (normal) level | |
| HbA1c tih a ni | 5.7% aia tlem a ni. |
| Chaw nghei laiin Plasma Glucose (FPG) a awm a. | 100 mg/dL aia tlem lo |
| Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) - Darkar 2 hnuah | 140 mg/dL aia tlem lo |
| Prediabetes - natna hlauhawm tak a ni | |
| HbA1c tih a ni | 5.7% leh 6.4% inkar a ni. |
| Chaw nghei laiin Plasma Glucose (FPG) a awm a. | 100 mg/dL leh 125 mg/dL inkar a ni |
| Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) - Darkar 2 hnuah | 140 mg/dL leh 199 mg/dL inkar a ni |
| Diabetes a vei tih hmuhchhuah a ni* . | |
| HbA1c tih a ni | 6.5% aia tam a ni |
| Chaw nghei laiin Plasma Glucose (FPG) a awm a. | 126 mg/dL aia tam a ni |
| Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) - Darkar 2 hnuah | 200 mg/dL aia tam a ni |
| Random Plasma Glucose + A lan chhuah dan | 200 mg/dL aia tam a ni |
*Hriat tur: A tlangpuiin test pakhatah value sang tak hmuh a nih chuan doctor chuan ni dangah test dang tih lehin a nemnghet ang.
Hei hi Type 1 Diabetes a nih leh nih loh engtin nge i hriat theih ang?
Mi tam zawk chuan type 2 diabetes an nei a. Mahse mi thenkhat, a bikin thalai leh naupang ten type 1 diabetes an vei thei a. Heng chi hnih hi a chhan leh enkawl dan a inang lo. Chuvangin, zunthlum i vei tih hriat a nih hnuah, type 1 diabetes i vei nia i rinhlelh chuan i doctor chuan test bik engemaw zat a ti thei ang.
- Autoantibody Test: Type 1 diabetes-ah hian kan taksa ngeiin kan taksa a natna dotu (immune system) hian pancreas-a insulin siamtu cell te chu a bei a. He test hian thisenah hian hei hi beitu antibodies (`autoantibodies`) a zawng thin.
- C-peptide Test: Hei hian kan pancreas hian insulin a siam chhuah zat a teh a. `Type 1` ah chuan insulin siamchhuah a tlem hle emaw, a tawp vek emaw a ni.
- Urine Ketones Test hmanga enfiah: 1.1.Insulin a bo chuan taksain sugar chu chakna atan a hmang thei lo. Chumi hnuah taksa chuan chakna atan thau a hal thin. Hemi chhung hian `Ketones` an tih acid an siam chhuak thin. Hengte hi zun chhunga enfiah hian `Type 1 Diabetes` a hriat theih nan a pui thei a ni.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- Diabetes hi hlauh tur leh suangtuahna tur natna a ni lo. Medical test chiang tak tak a awm a, chu chuan chiang takin a nemnghet thei a ni.
- `Prediabetes` hi vaukhânna chhinchhiahna a ni. Hetiang hunah hian i nunphung (diet, exercise) i tihdanglam chuan full-blown diabetes lo awm tur chu i veng thei a, i tikhawtlai thei bawk.
- Diabetes symptoms i neih chuan ngaihthah suh la , doctor pan ngei ang che.
- Test pakhatin a value a sang deuh a nih chuan lungngai suh. I doctor chuan test dang a order ang a, a finfiah ang.
- Zunthlum vei nia hriat i nih chuan i nun tawpna a ni lo. I hriselna chungchang hi kawng thara ngaihtuah a, tha taka enkawl theihna hun remchang a ni. Damdawi lam thurawn dik tak zawm chuan nun hrisel tak i nei thei a ni.
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