Mit exam chungchang hi i zir belh ang u. Hei hi i mit venhim nan a pawimawh hle!

Mit enfiahna i nei tawh em? Mi thenkhat chuan hei hi glasses vuah tan chauh a tul niin an ngai mai thei. Mahse a nihna takah chuan he test hi mi zawng zawngin kan mit leh hriselna hi eng ang chiah nge a nih tih kan hriat theih nan a pawimawh hle. Chronic condition thenkhat i neih chuan i mit enfiah fo a ngai mai thei.

Mit enfiahna chu eng nge ni? A awlsam zawngin...

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, mit enfiahna hi mit hriselna lama mithiamte’n i mit hmuhna, i hriatna leh i mit hriselna a enfiahna a ni. Hei hi test hrehawm lo tak a ni. I mit a inthlak danglamna tenau te pawh a hmu hmasa thei. Hei hian harsatna lian zawk an nih hmaa enkawl a awlsam phah thei a ni.

Heng mit test te hi tute nge tih?

Mit exam zawng zawng hi a inang vek lo tih hriat a tha. Ṭhenkhat chu thil tum bik atana tih a ni a, ṭhenkhat erawh chu general exam a ni thung. Tin, heng exam ti thin specialist engemawzat an awm bawk:

• Mit lam doctor: Heng mite hi medical degree (`MD - Medical Doctor` emaw `DO - Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine`) nei te an ni a, chu chu medical school-a kum li zirna bakah hian kum li dang special training (residency) an dawng leh tawh tihna a ni. Ṭhenkhat chuan specialized area-ah pawh training dang (`fellowship`) an nei bawk. `Mit surgery` ti fo thin an ni.
• Mit lam thiamte: Kum li chhung mit lam enkawltu an zir a, Doctor of Optometry (OD) degree an hlawh chhuak a ni. Ṭhenkhat chuan kum khat chhung residency training an nei bawk. Mit natna chi hrang hrang an hmuchhuak thei a, an enkawl thei bawk. Mahse, surgery an ti thei lo.
• Optician: Hengte pawh hi mit enkawltu an ni a, mahse i mit an enfiah lo. I tana glasses dik thlang turin an pui che a, i lu leh mit an teh a, i glasses pawh an siamrem thei bawk. I mit enfiahna atana puitu thil tam tak an tih a awm.

Ngaihtuah teh, khawsik i neih laiin doctor pangngai hnena kal ang mai a ni a, mahse mit lama harsatna i neih chuan heng specialist te hnenah hian i kal a ngai a ni.

Heng mit test chi hrang hrangte hi engte nge ni?

Mit test classified dan pakhat chu i tih chhan hi a ni.

• Routine/General exams: Hengte hi mit tan tih a ni a, kum tin taksa tan `checkup` neih thin ang bawkin. Hengte hi mit natna nei lo emaw, mitmeng siam that nan glasses chauh mamawh emaw tan tih a ni tlangpui.
• Follow-up exam: Hei hi eng emaw chen chu specialized exam a ni. Hei hi a hmaa mit accident emaw, operation emaw a neih hnua a dinhmun enfiah nan tih theih a ni. Tin, natna khirh tak tak, zunthlum emaw, macular degeneration emaw nei te hian follow-up exam an mamawh fo bawk.
• Medical/Emergency exam: Hengte hi i mit hmuh danah harsatna a awm nia rinhlelhna a awm a, a bik takin emergency a nih chuan tih thin a ni. Entirnan, mit hliam, mit hmuh loh thut, lu hliam, etc.

Mit enfiahnaah eng nge zawn thin? Eng component nge a tel?

Mit enfiahna kimchang, a nih loh leh ``comprehensive``, tihnaah hian a bulpui ber 13 vel a awm a. Eng nge an nih i han thlir teh ang.

Pakhatnaah chuan, i mit hnathawh dan leh pawn lam atanga a lan dan entu hmun pasarih a awm a:

1. Visual acuity: Hei hian i hmuh theih dan a teh a ni. Hei hi Snellen chart hmanga teh a ni fo thin . Bang chungah chart pakhat, a chung lamah letter lian tak leh i chhuk ruala letter te zawk awmna i hmu ngai em? Chu chu a ni.

2. Visual fields: Hei hian mit tin hian i field of vision hmun tinreng a hmuh theih dan a teh a ni. Hei hian mitdelna (blind spot) a awm leh awm loh hriat theih nan a pui thei a ni.

3. Movement leh alignment: Hei hian i mit a align tha em tih a enfiah a, i lu ti che lovin kawng tinrengah a kal thei em tih a enfiah thin. Doctor chuan mit pakhat leh mit pahnih a enfiah dun ang.

4. Conjunctiva: Hei hi i mit var (`sclera`) leh i mitmeng chhung lam khuh tu membrane te tak te, fiah tak a ni. Hei hi Doctor in a enfiah ang.

5. Surrounding outer tissue (Ocular adnexa): Hei hian mitmeng leh i mit leh hmai hmun dangte a huam a ni. Doctor chuan heng hmun hrang hrang, i mitmeng, mittui tlakna kawng leh i beng hmaa lymph node te hi a thawk tha em tih a enfiah ang.

6. Pupil leh iris: Pupil chu i mit lai takah a dum, a zungpui a ni. Iris chu a chhehvel ring a ni a, chu chuan i mit a rawng a pe a ni. Doctor chuan mit hian êng (‘pupillary reflexes’) a chhan dan a en ang.

7. Intraocular pressure: Hei hian i mit chhunga tui awm zat pressure a teh a, chu chu a chhunga boruak puff chhuah tir a ni. Pressure a san chuan glaucoma ang chi natna chhinchhiahna a ni thei.

A dawtah chuan mit lam doctor chuan mit hmun panga chu hmanraw bik slit lamp tih hmangin a enfiah ang. Hei hian light leh magnifying lens a nei a. Hei hian mit chhung lam a hmu thei hle. A châng chuan he test hi i mitmeng tihzauh nan damdawi hmang emaw hmang lo emaw pawhin tih theih a ni.

8. Cornea: Hei hi i mit hmalam ang a ni. I doctor chuan slit lamp hmanga enin a dinhmun a tha em tih a enfiah thei ang.

9. Hma lam chamber: 1.1.Mit hma lama he chamber-ah hian aqueous humor , iris, leh lens te a awm a. Chungte chu slit lamp hmangin chiang zawk leh hnai zawk atanga hmuh theih a ni. Hei hian angle-closure glaucoma ang chi dinhmun inthlak danglamna hriatchhuahna kawngah a pui thei a ni. Hei hi aqueous humor-a pressure a san chuan a thleng a, chu chuan fluid chu a che thei lo emaw, a chhuak tha thei lo emaw a ni.

10. Lens: Doctor chuan lens chiang leh insiam dan a enfiah ang.

11. Optic nerve: Doctor chuan optic disc (optic nerve mitmeng nena inzawmna hmun) leh optic cup (disc lai takah bawm ang maia awm) a en ang Cup-to-disk ratio pawh an en dawn a ni. Hetiang ratio hi a hniam chuan ischemic optic neuropathy ang chi natna lo awm theihna a awm thei.

12. Retina: Slit lamp hmang hian doctor chuan i mit hnung lama he light-sensitive layer hi ngun zawkin a en thei a ni. A hrual, a rawng a danglam emaw, a chhiat emaw a enfiah ang.

Engvangin nge i awmna leh engtik lai nge tih ang chi thil i zawh?

13. Hun, hmun leh mi lam hawi (orientation): He section 13-na hian i thluak hnathawh that dan a en a. Hei hi mit enfiah apiangah a tel lo a, mahse a then phei chuan a pawimawh hle thei. Thil tam takah chuan doctor chuan a biak hnuah hei hi a ennawn thei a ni.

• Hun thlir dan: Engtik lai nge tih leh eng ni nge tih i hria em?
• Orientation to place: I awmna leh i thil tih i hria em?
• Mi chungchang orientation: I hming leh i chanchin kimchang i hria em?

Heng zawhnate hi mit enfiahna atan chuan thil mak tak angin a lang thei a, mahse a chang chuan zawh a pawimawh hle a, a chhan chu a chang chuan mit chhinchhiahna hian thluak harsatna chungchangah pawh clues a pe thei a ni.

Mit enfiah tura kal hmain inbuatsaih a ngai em?

A tlangpuiin kum tin check-up emaw follow-up emaw atan inbuatsaihna tam tak a ngai lo. Kum tin check-up nei tura kal ang mai a ni a, i lut thei a, check-up i tifel thei a, chutah chuan nitin hnathawhnaah i kir leh thei bawk.

Mahse, thil pakhat i tih tur a awm. Damdawi, vitamin leh supplement i ei zawng zawng list kimchang tak keng la. I mit nena inzawm lo thila i ei pawh nise, hengte hi exam-a tel ve angin i mit specialist tan chuan hriat a pawimawh hle. Tin, i glasses hman mek te, contact lens te, leh a hmaa i damdawi pek tawh zawng zawng te pawh keng tel bawk ang che.

Test neih chhung hian eng nge beisei tur?

Mit enfiahnaah hian i mit doctor chuan i mit hmuh dan te, tun hnaia i thil tih danglam emaw harsatna emaw i hmuh te, tun hnaia damdawi lama thil thleng emaw i nunah thil danglam emaw a zawt ang che. Tichuan, a chunga test tarlan te hi eng emaw zat an ti ang. I dinhmun a zirin test dang pawh an rawt thei bawk. I mit doctor chuan heng additional test te hi a hrilh belh ang che.

I mitmeng (pipils) tihzauh hian mit specialist tan i mit chhung lam a hmuh awlsam phah a ni. Doctor chuan damdawi hmangin i mitmenga ruhte chu rei lo te chhung atan a ti hahdam a ni. Hei hian a ti hahdam a, a hawng bawk. Chumi hnuah chuan i mit chhungah an en thei a, chutiang a nih loh chuan hmuh theih loh tur harsatna a awm em tih an hmu thei ang.

Refractive error i neih a, glasses i mamawh chuan i mit specialist chuan i mit tina error chu a teh ang. Chumi hnuah chuan an tihsual siamthatna tur glasses prescription an ziak thei ang. Contact lens i bun a ngai a nih chuan i mitmeng chu a fit em tih enfiah nan special measurement an la thei bawk.

Test zawhah eng nge thleng?

Mit enfiah dan pangngai hnuah i mit doctor chuan an thil hmuhchhuah leh a nghawng dan tur a hrilhfiah ang che. Glasses i mamawh tih an hriat chuan i prescription paper emaw digital copy emaw an pe ang che. Dan ang chuan copy an pe tur a ni, i duh lo a nih pawhin. Ram thenkhatah chuan dan chuan online-a glasses i lei huna i mit dum inkar hlat zawng, i pupillary distance chu i prescription-ah telh a ngai hial a ni. Hmun tam zawkah chuan chutiang tehna chu a ngai lo nain, doctor thenkhat chuan i dil chuan an pe ang.

Pawimawh: I mit (cornea) a dilated a nih chuan test zawhah hun engemaw chen chu thil hnai tak tak – i phone, computer screen, lehkhabu te – chiang taka hmuh harsa i ti thei. Light, ni êng, leh device screen aṭanga light lo chhuak pawh hian hrehawmna leh natna a thlen thei a ni.

Sunglass pahnih i keng thei a, exam zawhah i ha thei bawk. Chu chuan tlem a pui ang. A châng chuan doctor office chuan i glasses chunga dah tûrin temporary shade emaw cover emaw a pe ang che. Mahse, mi thenkhat chuan an mit an tihzauh hnuah lirthei khalh turin an hmu tha thei lo mai thei a, chuvangin i bula kal tur emaw, i zui tur emaw neih a tha ber.

Mit enfiah hian hlauhawmna emaw, side effect emaw a awm em?

Mit enfiahnaah hian risk emaw side effect emaw awm thei awmchhun chu i mit dum tihzauh nana hman tur damdawi hi a ni. Allergy i neih chuan side effect i nei thei bawk. Damdawi a zirin natna lan chhuah dan a inang lo hle a, mahse a tlem a, a tlangpuiin a tenau deuh a ni. He damdawi hi i lo ei tawh a nih chuan mit doctor hnenah hrilh rawh. Anni pawhin a dang an rawn rawt thei mai thei.

Mit enfiahna result eng nge ni? Engtin nge min hrilh?

I mit specialist chuan an thil hmuhchhuah chu a hrilh ang che, exam lai emaw, a zawh hnuah emaw. Enkawl dan leh test dang neih belh an rawt ang. Glass i mamawh chuan prescription an ziak bawk ang.

Engtikah nge ka mit specialist ka biak ang?

I mit lama danglamna i hmuh veleh i mit specialist nen inbia ang che, a bik takin hun kal zelah a lo awm zauh zauh a nih chuan. Chutah chuan lemziak tenau emaw, ziak emaw chhiar harsat te, rawng hmuhna tlahniam te, mitmeng hrual te, mit nat te, a nih loh leh ni tawp lama lu na te a tel thei a ni.

Medical emergency chu mit pakhat emaw, mit pahnih emaw, a then emaw, a zawng zawng emaw, beisei loh taka hmuh theih lohna a ni. A thlentu dinhmun thenkhat chuan mitdelna a thlen thei a ni. Ṭhenkhat chu nunna atana hlauhawm tak an ni thei. Mit hmuhna hloh nghal mai chu:

• Vision blur emaw fading emaw a awm.
• Thim a ni.
• Mit pakhat emaw, mit pahnih emawa hmuh theihna hmun thenkhat emaw, a zawng zawng emaw khuh vek tur curtain dum ang maia hriatna.
• Light eng emaw, eng eng emaw chuan mit hmuhna chu a then emaw, a tikhawlo vek emaw ang maia hriat.

Thil awm dan thenkhat, migraine ang chi te hian hun eng emaw chen atan mit a tichhe thei a ni. Hun eng emaw chen atana mitdelna thlen thei dinhmun i neih chuan i mit specialist emaw doctor emaw nen inbia ang che. I mit a hloh a nih chuan eng nge i tih tur tih leh emergency treatment i mamawh leh mamawh loh hriat dan tur an hrilh thei che a ni.

Engzat nge mit enfiahna ka neih ang?

Mi tam zawk chuan kum khat emaw kum hnih emaw chhungin mit enfiahna kimchang tak an nei tur a ni . 20/20 vision i nei a nih pawhin mit enfiah a tha. Kum tin checkup-na hian natna lan chhuahna nei lote a man theih ang bawkin, mit endiknaah pawh hriselna leh mit lama harsatna i hmuh theih loh leh i hriat theih lohte a hmu thei a ni.

Mit natna emaw, mit lama harsatna emaw vei theihna sang zawkte chuan an mit enfiah fo a ngai mai thei. I mit i enfiah fo a ngai thei bawk a, chu chu:

• Kum 60 aia upa i nih chuan.
• Black emaw Hispanic hnam chhuak i nih chuan.
• I thau lutuk emaw, i thau lutuk emaw a nih chuan (chu chu i BMI - Body Mass Index 30 aia sang a nih chuan).
• Hriselna lama harsatna i neih chuan, zunthlum , mit lama harsatna emaw, mitdelna emaw a thlen thei.
• I chhungte zingah mit natna nei tawh an awm chuan.
• Glasses emaw contact lens emaw i vuah chuan.
• Mit surgery i neih tawh chuan, mit hliam i neih tawh chuan, stroke ang chi natna avanga mit i tihchhiat tawh chuan .

Hriat reng tur pawimawh ber (Take-Home Message) .

Mit enfiah hi i tih theih reng a ni a, kum tin i mit enfiah ang chi hi a ni. Mit enfiahna hian mit leh thluak natna chhinchhiahna hmasa berte hriatchhuahna kawngah a pui thei bawk.

Mit enfiah fo a ngai lo niin i ngai mai thei (a bik takin glasses emaw contact lens emaw i bun loh chuan), mahse chu chu neih a la tha tho. Checkup hmang hian symptoms i neih hmain harsatna i hmu thei. Tichuan, i hmu tha thei a, i hrisel thei bawk a, a chhe zual ai chuan. Chuvangin, i mit enkawl hi theihnghilh suh!

` Mit enfiah, mit hriselna, mit, mit lam doctor, mit lam doctor, glaucoma, glasses