I genes thuruk pholangtu FISH test (Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization) chungchang hi i zir dawn nia!

He ‘FISH test’ (Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Test) hi i hre tawh em? I doctor chuan nangmah emaw, i hriat mi emaw hnenah he test hi ti turin a ti mai thei. A buaithlak deuhin a lang thei a, mahse kan taksa chhunga thil tam tak hriat theihna test pawimawh tak a ni. Chuvangin vawiinah hian he FISH test hi eng nge a nih, eng nge a tih, engtin nge a tih dan awlsam takin i hriatthiam theih ang tih hi han sawi ila.

He FISH test (Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization) hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin FISH hi genetic test a ni. Pathologists, who are specialise in diagnosing diseases , he method hmang hian kan taksaa thil te tak te chromosome an tih te inthlak danglamna avanga natna lo awm te chu an hmuchhuak thin. A chang chuan he test hian cancer ang chi natna enkawl theih tur genetic changes te hriatchhuahna kawngah pawh a pui thei bawk.

Hetiang hian han ngaihtuah teh: kan genes te hi kan taksa tana instruction book ang a ni. He instruction bu hian kan taksaa thil awm zawng zawng hnathawh dan min hrilh a. Heng genes te hi chromosomes an tih structure-ah an awm a, chu chu string ang mai a ni. Chuti a nih chuan, he instruction bu-a thumal thenkhat, kan DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) , hi tihbo a nih chuan, emaw, thumal tam lutuk emaw, thumal thenkhat chu transpose a nih chuan eng nge thleng ang? Kan cell te hian thupek dik lo an dawng thin. Chutiang chuan information a bo (deletion), a tul aia tam copy (amplification), emaw, sawn (translocation) emaw a ni thei. Heng inthlak danglamna hian kan taksa hnathawh dan a tidanglam thei a , cancer ang chi natna a thlen thei a ni.

Chuvangin, he FISH test hian a tih chu, chromosome emaw gene emaw hmun bik "color" nan pen rawng hmanga siam ang mai a ni. Tichuan, chu specialist doctor-te chuan natna hriat theihna atana an mamawh part chu microscope hmanga enin awlsam takin an hmu thei a ni. He rawng hi microscope hmanga i en chuan rawng chi hrang hrang ang mai a ni.

FISH test hmang hian eng nge hriat theih?

Tichuan, i ngaihtuah mai thei, he FISH test hmang hian eng chiah nge hmuh theih? A bulpui ber chu:

• Cancer-a gene mutation lian tham tak takte hriatchhuah. He information hmang hian doctor-te chuan cancer chi chu dik takin an hmu thei a, a enkawlna tha ber an thlang thei bawk.
• Nausen pian hma (prenatal) emaw, pian hnu emawa chromosomal abnormalities awm leh awm loh enfiah thin ang che. Hei hian genetic condition thenkhat chu a hmain a hriat theih nan a pui thin.
• In vitro fertilization (IVF) ah hian nu nausen pum chhunga dah a nih hmain chromosomal abnormalities a awm leh awm loh test a ni (preimplantation genetic testing).

He FISH test hian engtin nge hna a thawh?

Okay, tunah chuan he FISH test hnathawh dan chungchanga thuruk tlemte chu eng nge ni tih i en ang u.

Kan DNA hi instruction bu lian tak ang mai a ni tih ka sawi tawh a. Chuvangin he FISH test hi chu instruction book-a thil pawimawh ber berte chu fluorescent paint bik hmanga tarlan ang mai a ni. Scientist-te chuan he "coloring paint," a nih loh leh "probe" hi DNA-ah ngei pawh fluorescent label an dahna hmangin an siam a ni.

Kan DNA hi zipper ha ang maia inzawm khawm, hruihrual pahnih atanga siam a ni. Scientist-te tih tur chu, an siam probe hmangin heng strand pahnih hi an thliar hrang hmasa a, an test duh sample-a DNA pawh an thliar hrang hmasa thin. He probe hi an DNA sequence an zawn nen a inmil theih nan an siam a, chu chu instruction manual-a an zawn sentence dik tak nen a inmil tur a ni.

Tichuan, heng probe buatsaih te hi taksa tissue emaw fluid (hei hi target an ti a) atanga DNA sample lak nen an pawlh thin. Tichuan, chu probe chuan a kal a, a zawn ang thumal nei DNA chi khat a hmuh chuan a nghet tlat ang (hybridize). Chutiang label eng mawi tak takte avang chuan chu DNA phek chu rawng mawi takin a eng ang. Pathologist-in microscope bik hmanga a en chuan heng hmun eng mawi tak takte hi mawi takin a lang ang. Tichuan, a kaihhnawih thu hriatte chu a awm em tih leh engzat nge a awm tih a hrethiam thei ang. Mak a ni lo maw?

FISH test hmanga hriat theih genetic changes te

Pathologist te chuan he FISH test hmang hian cell te chu cancer ang chi natna thlen thei nia hriat gene mutations te enfiah nan an hmang thei a ni. A châng chuan chromosomes test-na karyotyping test result nemngheh emaw, chiang zawk emaw a ṭanpui thei a ni . FISH test-in a hmuh theih tur danglamna chiang tak tak thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Amplification: Hei hi beisei aia tam gene copy a awm chuan a ni. Photocopy siam duhna hmuna photocopy siam ang mai a ni. Scientist te chuan FISH hmangin gene pakhat copy engzat nge beisei aia tam a awm tih an hmu thei a ni.
• Translocations/rearrangements: Hei hi gene emaw chromosome emaw hmun thenkhat chu a awmna tur aia hmun danga sawn a nih hian a ni. Hei hi Scientist-te chuan probe rawng pahnih hmangin an hmuchhuak thei a ni. Gene pangngaiah chuan heng probes rawng pahnih hi a inhnaih taka lang tur a ni. Mahse hmun a danglam tawh a nih chuan rawng pahnih hi a inhlat hle ang.
• Deletions: Translocations ang bawkin scientist-te chuan DNA-a information awm lohna hmunte chu probe pakhat aia tam hmangin an zawng chhuak thin. Probe thenkhat chu sample chhunga DNA-ah an innghat ang a, thenkhat erawh chu an awmna tur hmunah an innghat dawn lo. Chutah chuan chu hmunah chuan information thenkhat a bo (delete) tih an hre ta a ni.

FISH test hmanga hriat theih natna

Doctor-te chuan FISH test hmangin genetic changes te chu an hmuchhuak thei a, chu chuan condition te chu a hriat theih nan a pui thei a, chungte chu:

• Lymphoma natna (Lymphoma) a ni
• Acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, leh leukemia chi dangte pawh a awm thei
• Multiple myeloma a awm thei
• Bladder cancer a ni
• Glioma (thluak cancer chi khat) .
• Mesothelioma (lung cancer) a awm thei.
• HER2 amplification (hei hi hnute cancer-ah hmuh tur a tam ber a, mahse pum leh lung cancer-ah pawh hmuh theih a ni)
• MET amplification (hei hi lung, pum, leh chaw kawng cancer-ah hmuh tur a tam ber) .
• MYCN amplification (cancer chi khat Neuroblastoma an tih ah) .
• Non-small cell lung cancer -ah chuan ALK, RET, leh ROS1 genes te chu rearrangement/fusions a awm thin. Heng genes ALK, RET, ROS1 te hi gene dang nen inzawmkhawmin cancer a thlen thei a ni.

Engtin nge FISH test atan ka inbuatsaih ang?

FISH test atana i inbuatsaih dan chu i doctor-in i hnen atanga a lak sample chi hrang hrangah a innghat a ni.

• Nau neih hmaa test neihna atan: I doctor chuan test bik amniocentesis tih chu a ti ang.
• Preimplantation genetic testing (PGD emaw PGS) atan: Embryo engemaw zat atanga cell sample te tak te chu test nan lak a ni. Hei hi ovulation hnu ni engemaw zat hnuah tih thin a ni tlangpui.
• I doctor-in nangmah emaw, i fa emaw hian chromosomal abnormality emaw gene mutation emaw avanga natna i nei nia a rinhlelh chuan: Hei hi thisen test awlsam tak hmangin enfiah theih a ni
• Cancer cell-a cancer emaw genetic mutations emaw hriat theih nan (molecular testing): Biopsy (tumor emaw bone marrow biopsy) i neih a ngai ang a, chu chu tissue emaw bone marrow emaw sample a ni.
• Bladder cancer hriatchhuah emaw enfiah emaw tur: A châng chuan zun sample-ah FISH test an ti ṭhin .

Heng test zingah hian biopsy chauh hian inbuatsaihna bik a mamawh tlangpui. Biopsies tam zawk hi anesthesia hmanga tih a nih avangin inbuatsaih dan tur doctor-in a tih angin i zawm tur a ni.

Engtin nge pathologist te hian he FISH test hi an tih thin?

FISH test atan chuan pathologist emaw laboratory technician emaw chuan hengte hi a zawm thin:

1. Probe(s) siam: Hetah hian an zawn DNA sequence nena inmil DNA fragment an thlang thin. Tichuan, chu DNA-ah chuan cut te te an siam a, fluorescent label an dah bawk.

2. Probe leh target denaturation: Hei hian probe leh DNA sample test mek inkara double bonds inthenna a kawk a ni.

3. Hybridization: Probes te chu taksa tissue emaw fluid atanga DNA sample lak nen an pawlh chuan probes te chu an zawn DNA sequence ah an inzawm tlat thin.

4. 4. A rilru a hah lutuk chuan a rilru a buai em em a.Results enfiah: Sample chhunga label-te eng nge eng tih hriat nan special fluorescent microscope an hmang a.

Chumi hnuah chuan pathologist chuan heng result te hi i doctor hnenah a report ang .

FISH test result chu eng nge ni?

FISH test atanga result i hmuh chi chu i test chi hrang hrangah a innghat a ni. FISH test positive a nih chuan sample chhunga cell-ah hian chromosomal emaw genetic abnormality emaw a awm tihna a ni. A result chu eng ang nge a nih dawn tih leh eng nge a awmzia tih hi doctor nen inbiakna neih a tha ber.

FISH test a positive a nih chuan eng nge thleng ang?

I FISH test a positive a nih chuan i doctor chuan a awmzia leh i duhthlan turte a hrilhfiah ang che. Cancer-a genetic mutations zawng tura test hi tih a nih chuan, chu mutation bik target-tu targeted therapies a awm thei. Chuvangin hlauthawng lova doctor nena inbiakna neih a pawimawh.

FISH test result hmuh nan hian eng chen nge hun a duh?

FISH test result hmuh nan hian kar khat atanga kar li vel a ngai thei. I doctor chuan engtikah nge result beisei tur leh a hriat dan tur a hrilh ang che.

Engtikah nge ka doctor ka biak ang?

Test chungchanga zawhna i neih emaw, result i hmuh dan emaw i neih chuan i doctor nen inbiakna neih hreh suh. Engkim an hrilhfiah ang che.

A tawp berah chuan thuchah pawimawh ber

Genetic test result nghah hi a hlauhawm thei a, a lungkham thei a, a châng chuan a buaithlak deuh pawh a ni thei. Chhanna i nghak mai thei. He FISH test hi chutiang chhanna zawng tura puitu technology a ni a, "highlighter" ang maiin i mamawh information zawng chhuakin a rawng a siam chhuak thin

Chhanna i hmuhte chu i beisei ang a ni lo mai thei a, mahse i dinhmun leh i duhthlannate hriatthiamna a pe ang che. Chuta tang chuan nang leh i doctor chuan hmalam panna tur ruahmanna tha ber siam turin in thawk ho thei ang.

Test chungchanga i ngaihdan eng pawh, engvangin nge tih a nih tih leh a result awmzia chu i doctor hnenah chiang zawka zawh a pawimawh hle tih hre reng ang che.

` FISH test, genetic test, chromosome, DNA, cancer, genetic mutations, nau neih hmaa test te