Ka chhungkuaa mi eng emaw zatin cancer an vei tawh... chuti a nih chuan kei pawhin ka vei dawn em ni? He hlauhna, he zawhna hi mi tam tak rilruah a awm reng a ni. Cancer chi thenkhat chu thlah khat atanga thlah dangah an inthlau tih kan hre tawh a, chu chu gene atanga lo chhuak an ni tihna a ni, a dik em? Awle, vawiin hian hereditary cancer risk i neih leh neih loh hriat theihna tur method bik kan sawi dawn a ni.
He genetic testing hi eng nge ni?
A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, hei hi kan taksaa DNA entu test a ni. Kan taksa hi zirtirna bu lian tak angin han ngaihtuah teh. He lehkhabu hian kan taksaa cell tinte chu an hnathawh dan tur te, an inthen dan tur te, engtikah nge an thih tur tih te a hrilh a. Heng thupekte hi gene kan tih chu a ni .
A châng chuan, he kaihhruainaah hian typos emaw, tihsual dang emaw a awm thei bawk. Damdawi lam hawi chuan heng genetic mutations te hi kan ti a ni. Hetiang chi genetic mutation avang hian cell pangngai te chu thunun theih loha an inthen tan hian cancer a awm thin.
A tam zawkah chuan heng cancer thlentu genetic mutations te hi rochun a ni lo. Mahse, cancer zawng zawng zinga 5% leh 10% inkar hi kan nu leh pate hnen atanga kan rochun genetic mutations avanga lo awm a ni. Genetic test-ah chuan i thisen emaw, i hmui emaw sample lak a, i taksaa genetic mutation awm chu zawn a ni.
Mahse hei hi hre reng ang che. He test hian cancer vei theihna tipungtu genetic mutation i nei tih hmuhchhuah a nih pawhin cancer i vei ngei ang tihna a ni lo. Cancer vei theihna i ‘risk’ chu midang aiin a sang deuh tihna mai a ni.
Genetic counselor chuan heng result te hian i hriselna a nghawng theih dan chiang takin a hrilhfiah thei che a ni.
Cancer chi eng chi nge rochun theih?
Cancer chi hrang hrang, inherited genetic mutations avanga lo awm thei a awm a. A bulpui berte chu:
- Hnute cancer a ni
- Colon cancer a ni
- Kidney cancer a ni
- Ovarian cancer a ni
- Pancreatic cancer natna a ni
- Prostate cancer a ni
- Pum cancer a ni
- Thyroid cancer a ni
- Uterine cancer a ni
Heng genetic test te hian cancer an test lo. Chu ai chuan cancer thlen thei genetic mutations bik an test zawk thin. Tun thlengin scientist-te chuan hereditary cancer nena inzawm gene 400 chuang an hmuchhuak tawh a ni. Chungte chu pawl lian pathum-ah then theih a ni.
| Genotype a ni | A awlsam zawngin, i thil tih hi | A distort chuan eng nge thleng? |
|---|---|---|
| Tumor titawptu genes te Ex: BRCA, P53 genes te hi a awm a | Hengte hi car 'brake' ang mai a ni. An hna chu cancer cell thang zel tur tihtawp a ni. | Car chu brake hnathawh a chawlhsan hunah a ding thei lo ang bawkin, heng genes te hi a inthlak danglam chuan cancer cell te hi thunun theih lohvin an thang lian thin. |
| Proto-oncogenes te hi a awm a | Hengte hi car chhunga ‘accelerator’ ang mai a ni. Cell te chu a tul angin, a rate pangngaia thang turin an pui thin. | Accelerator a jam laiin car tlan chakna chu a thunun theih loh ang bawkin, hengte hi tihdanglam a nih chuan cancer cell te chu a chak zawk a ni. |
| DNA siamthatna genes te | Hengte hi car siamna ‘garage’ ang mai a ni. Kan DNA-a thil tihsual leh chhiatna thlengte chu an siam ṭha leh ṭhin. | Garage khar a nih laia car siam that theih loh ang bawkin, heng genes te hi a inthlak danglam chuan DNA error te pawh siamthat theih a ni lo va, cancer lo awm theihna tur kawng a hawng a ni. |
Hetiang test hi tuin nge tih duh?
I doctor chuan i mimal medical history emaw, chhungkaw medical history emaw atanga cancer vei theihna hi hereditary risk i nei thei tih a ngaihtuah chuan he test hi a rawt thei ang.
I mimal medical history a zirin:
- Cancer chi hrang hrang engemaw zat i nei tawh a nih chuan .
- Kum naupang takah cancer i vei a nih chuan .
- I kum rualpui emaw i mipa emaw mi pakhatin cancer chi khat a vei tih hmuhchhuah a nih chuan .
- In both paired organs , kal pahnih leh hnute pahnih ang chiCancer i neih chuan.
- Hereditary cancer syndrome thenkhat nena inzawm symptom dang i neih chuan (entir nan, Neurofibromatosis Type 1 vei tu pawhin cancer ni lo lumps a nei thei bawk).
I chhungkaw damdawi lam chanchin a zirin:
- I chhungkuaa mi engemaw zatin cancer chi khat an vei tawh a nih chuan .
- Chhungkaw member engemaw zatin an naupan lai atanga cancer an vei a nih chuan .
- Chhungkaw pakhata chhungte engemaw zatin cancer chi khat (e.g., nu lam) an vei a nih chuan.
- I chhungte zingah mi pakhatin cancer vei theihna a tipung thei genetic mutation a nei tih hmuhchhuah a nih tawh chuan.
"A close relative" tih hi a buaithlak deuh thei a ni lawm ni? Doctor-te chuan i first-degree chhungte hi an ngai ber tlangpui. Chu chu i nu, i pa, i unaute, leh i fate tihna a ni . Mahse, \henkhatah chuan chhungte hla zawkte damdawi lam chanchin pawh a pawimawh thei hle.
He test hi i mamawh leh mamawh loh i hriat chian loh chuan i doctor emaw, genetic counselor emaw hnenah he thu hi sawipui a tha ber .
Engtin nge he test hi tih a nih?
He test neih hmaa hmalakna hmasa ber leh pawimawh ber chu genetic counseling a ni . A bik taka zirtirna nei counselor chuan engkim a hrilhfiah ang che.
- He test hi i tan a dik tak tak em?
- Eng test nge i tih tur tling ber?
- He test hi eng nge a thatna leh a that lohna?
- A rah chhuah chuan i hriselna leh nun a nghawng thei a ni.
- Heng result te hian engtin nge i chhungkua a nghawng?
Heng zawng zawng kan sawiho hnu hian i duh dan a zirin test hi tih a ni. A tlangpuiin thisen sample emaw saliva sample emaw lak chhuah a ni a, laboratory-ah thawn a ni. Chutah chuan technician-te chuan i gene-te chu a danglamna a awm leh awm loh an enfiah ṭhin. Results a luh hnuah report chu i doctor hnenah thawn a ni.
Home test kit i hmu tawh mai thei. Mahse an result pekte hi a famkim lo va, a dik lo fo bawk. Tin, doctor kaltlangin tih a nih chuan , i damdawi lam chanchin thuruk chu danin a humhalh a ni . Chuvangin doctor emaw genetic counselor emaw nena inrawnkhawma tih hi a him ber a , a tha ber fo bawk .
Results hmuh nan hian kar hnih emaw kar thum emaw vel a ngai tlangpui.
Test report-a chhanna awmte chu engtin nge kan hriatthiam ang?
Results hi chi thum ah then theih a ni.
| Nghawngchhuah | Hei hian eng nge a awmzia? |
|---|---|
| Dik | Cancer vei theihna tipungtu genetic mutation i nei tih hmuhchhuah a ni. Chu chu cancer i vei ngei ang tihna a ni lo va, mahse a hlauhawmna a sang zawk . |
| Dik lo | Gene test-naah hian cancer vei theihna tipung thei mutation an hmu lo. I chhungkuaa mi pakhatin he mutation hi a nei tih i hriat a, mahse i nei lo a nih chuan "true negative" an ti a ni. |
| A awmzia hriat chian loh (VUS) chi hrang hrang . | I genes-ah hian inthlak danglamna (mutation) hmuhchhuah a ni a, mahse scientist-te chuan cancer vei theihna a tipung em tih erawh an la chiang lo . Thil danglam tak, hlauhawm lo tak a ni thei a, nakin lawkah cancer nena inzawm nia hriat theih a ni thei bawk. |
Results i hmuh hnuah eng nge i tih thin?
I result chu eng pawh ni se, genetic counselor chuan chipchiar takin a sawipui ang che. A result chu positive a nih chuan , i sawi ang:
- I hriselna ruahmannaa inthlak danglamna: Cancer hriat hmasakna atana screening bik, regular mammogram emaw colonoscopy emaw tih te, leh cancer vei theihna tihziaawmna tura i tih theih turte sawiho a ni.
- Chhungkaw ruahmanna: He genetic mutation hi i fa hnena a kai theih dan tur ngaihtuahin sawiho a ni.
- Chhungte hriattirna: Hei hian result-in i thisen chhungte (nu leh pa, unau, fate) a nghawng dan tur leh eng step nge an tih tur tih te a sawi ang.
Results negative emaw VUS emaw pawh nise, i doctor pan fo emaw, test dang emaw neih a ngai mai thei. VUS result chungchangah scientific information thar a awm chuan i doctor chuan a hriattir ang che.
He test hian eng nge a thatna leh harsatna a neih?
Medical test dang ang bawkin he test hian a hlawkna bakah harsatna engemaw zat a nei bawk.
| Hlawkpuina | A that lohna / Harsatna |
|---|---|
| Ka thinlunga hlauhna leh rinhlelhna chu a bo a, hahdamna engemaw chen ka nei. | A rah chhuah chungchangah hlauhna, lungkhamna leh lungkhamna tul lo tak a lo awm thei a ni. |
| Cancer vei theihna tihtlem nan hma i la thei a, a hmain i hmuchhuak thei bawk. | Chumi chungchâng chhûngte hnêna hrilh chuan inlaichînna a nghawng thei a ni. |
| I doctor chuan i tan bik health plan siam turin a pui ang che. | Thil rochun a\angin sualna a lo chhuak thei a ni. |
| I chhungte pawhin an hriselna atana hlauhawmte hriat theihna hun remchang an nei bawk. | Test atan hian sum engemaw zat a ngai a ni. |
Genetic counselor chuan heng emotional feelings te hi hmachhawn turin a pui thei che a, he thu hi i chhungte nena inbiakna neih dan tur a kaihruai thei bawk a, chuvang chuan he process chhung zawng hian an thlawpna neih hi a pawimawh em em a ni.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- Cancer awm leh awm loh genetic test hian cancer i nei tih a hrilh lo che a, cancer vei theihna i hereditary risk chungchang chauh a ni.
- He test result kan dawn hma leh kan dawn hnuah pawh genetic counselor nena inbiakna neih a pawimawh hle.
- Results a positive a nih pawhin hlauthawng suh la, i hlauhawmna tihziaawmna tur leh cancer hriat hmasak nan a tul angin hma la la, i doctor-in a rawt angin.
- I chhungkaw cancer history chungchang i doctor nen zalen tak leh dik taka inbiakna neih hi i hriselna humhimna atana i tih theih tha ber pakhat a ni.
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