HER2-Negative Breast Cancer hi i hria em? Kan sawi dun teh ang!

Hnute cancer chungchang hi i hre tam tawh ngei ang. Mahse, he cancer chi hi ‘HER2-negative’ an tih hi i hre tak tak em? Hnute cancer chi dang thenkhat aiin a nungchang a danglam deuh a, a enkawl dan pawh a danglam thei bawk. Ngaihtuah buai suh, vawiin hian he `HER2-Negative Breast Cancer` chungchang hi i hriatthiam theih tur awlsam takin kan sawi dawn a ni, okay?

HER2-Negative Breast Cancer hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin, `HER2-negative breast cancer` tih awmzia chu i hnute chhunga cancer cell-te hian protein bik `human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) an tih chu an nei tam lutuk lo emaw, an nei tlem lutuk emaw tihna a ni. Breast cancer hi hormone (a bik takin estrogen leh progesterone) vang emaw, he `HER2` protein vang emaw a lo awm tlangpui tih i hria em? Entirnan, `HER2-positive` hnute cancer ah chuan `HER2` protein chu cell chung lamah a awm a, chu chuan cancer cell te chu rang takin a inthen darh a, tumor a siam thin.

Mahse `HER2-negative` case-ah chuan `HER2` protein a tam lutuk avangin cancer hi a lo awm lo. Chu chu thil dang a inrawlh tihna a ni.

I doctor-in hnute cancer a neih thu a hriat chuan i `HER2` status (i.e., positive emaw negative emaw) an zawng ngei ang. Hengte hi cancer cell-te mizia bik a ni a, chu chu `biomarkers` kan ti a, hriatthiam a nih chuan doctor-te chuan eng enkawlna nge i tana \ha ber leh \ha ber tih an rel thei a ni. Hrethiam e?

HER2-negative hnute cancer chi hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?

Tuna hnute cancer hmuhchhuah tam zawk hi `HER2-negative` type an ni. Hei hi chi hnih a awm a, eng nge an nih hi han thlir ila:

1. Hormone receptor-positive leh HER2-negative hnute cancer (HR+/HER2-) :

Hei hi hnute cancer chi khat a ni a, hnute cancer zawng zawng zaa 70 (70%) vel a ni . Chutiang a nih chuan cancer cell-te hian receptor an nei a, chu chu estrogen hormone (ER+), progesterone hormone (PR+), emaw, a pahnih emaw a sensitive a ni. A awlsam zawngin, heng hormone te hian heng receptor te hi an inzawm chuan cancer cell te hi an lo thang lian tan thin. Mahse, heng cancer chi hrang hrangah hian HER2 protein hi a tam lo hle. Chuvang chuan HR+/HER2- tia koh an ni.

2. Hormone receptor-negative leh HER2-negative hnute cancer (HR-/HER2-) : 1.1.

Hetiang chi hi hnute cancer zawng zawng zaa 11 (11%) vel a ni. Heng cancer cell te hian estrogen emaw progesterone emaw receptor an nei lo. Tin, a hmaa kan sawi tawh ang khan `HER2` protein hi a sang lo hle bawk. Hei hian hormone emaw `HER2` protein emaw hian he cancer hi a lo thang lian lo tihna a ni . Hei hi a hming dang chu `Triple-Negative Breast Cancer` tih a ni. Hei hi a chhan chu he thilah hian estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, leh `HER2` protein te hi `negative` vek an nih vang a ni.

HER2-negative hnute cancer natna lan chhuahna chu engte nge ni?

Dik tak chuan HER2-negative breast cancer symptoms hi hnute cancer dang nen a inang hle. A hnuaia mite hi i hriat tur a ni:

• I hnute pakhat emaw, a pahnih emaw lian leh te, a pianzia danglam danglam tak i hmuh chuan.
• I hnute emaw, i hnungzang emaw-ah lump thar, lump, emaw firmness i hmuh chuan, a bik takin thla tin i thlasik hun kal zelah lump chu a danglam lo a nih chuan.
• Hnute emaw hnute emaw vun a inthlak danglam thin . Entir nan:
• Vun dimpling, orange peel ang maia awm
• Vun a hrual, a hring chhuak
• Scaly vun a awm
• A itch reng reng
• Vun rawng a inthlak (red, purple, brown, emaw a dum danglam deuh).
• Nipple atanga chhuak . Hei hi thisen ang maia sen, tui thianghlim, emaw, milky white colour (naupai lo emaw, nau hnute i pek loh emaw chuan) a ni thei.
• Nipple inversion (a hmaa a awm loh chuan).

Hriat tur pawimawh tak chu hnute cancer hian i hmel lan danah danglamna chiang tak a thlen ngai lo . Tin, heng inthlak danglamna tam tak hi benign, normal condition (e.g. cysts, fibroadenoma) ah pawh hmuh tur a awm bawk. Chuvangin i hnute enfiah reng a, kum nena inmil hnute cancer screening neih a pawimawh em em a ni . Hrilhfiahna chungchangah ngaihtuahna i neih chuan cancer emaw, natna dang emaw chhinchhiahna a nih leh nih loh hriat tumin doctor hmu ngei ang che.

Eng thilin nge HER2-negative hnute cancer thlen?

A awlsam zawngin, HER2-negative hnute cancer hi hnute cell-a genes, a nih loh leh DNA, mutations , tihdanglamna avanga lo awm a ni a, chu chuan chu cell-te chu cancer cell-ah a chantir a ni. Chumi hnuah chuan heng cancer cell te hi an inthen darh a, an pung chak hle a, thunun theih lohvin tumor an siam ta a ni.

Risk Factors awm thei te

Mithiamte chuan HER2-negative hnute cancer-a heng genetic mutations awm chhan dik tak hi eng nge ni tih chiang takin an la hre lo. Mahse, a tlangpuiin hnute cancer vei theihna tipung thei thil engemaw zat an hmuchhuak a ni. Chung zingah chuan:

• Inherited genetic mutations : HER2 nena inzawm hnute cancer nena inzawm genetic mutation bik a awm lo. Mahse, mi pakhatin BRCA1 emaw BRCA2 ang chi gene-a mutation a rochun chuan a tlangpuiin hnute cancer (leh cancer dang thenkhat) vei theihna a sang zawk a ni.
• Nang emaw, i chhungte emaw hian hnute cancer hi i lo nei tawh a ni.: Hnute cancer i lo vei tawh a nih chuan a lo let leh theihna tur risk engemaw chen i nei a ni. Tin, i thisen chhungte (a bik takin i nu, i pa, i unau, i fate) te hian hnute cancer an vei tawh a nih chuan nang pawhin a risk a sang deuh bawk.
• Hun rei tak chhunga estrogen emaw progesterone hormone nena inhriat tawn : Kum naupan lai (e.g., kum 12 i tlin hma) atanga i period hmasa ber i tan a nih chuan, emaw, menopause tlai (e.g., kum 55 hnua) i neih chuan, i taksa hian heng sex hormone te hi hun rei tak a lo tawk tawh a ni. Hei hi risk factor a ni thei bawk. Hormone thlak danglamna damdawi thenkhat pawh hian hun rei tak ei a nih chuan i hlauhawmna a tipung thei bawk.
• Zu hman : Zirchianna atanga a lan dan chuan ni khata standard drink pakhat aia tam in hian hnute cancer vei theihna a tipung bawk.

Hei bakah hian kum upa lam, thau lutuk, leh exercise lak loh te hian a tlangpuiin hnute cancer vei theihna a tipung thei bawk.

Engtin nge HER2-negative hnute cancer hi hmuhchhuah a nih?

Doctor-te chuan HER2-negative hnute cancer hi hnute biopsy hmangin an hmuchhuak tlangpui . Hei hian rinhlelh awm lump emaw hmun emaw atanga tissue sample (piece) te tak te lak a, lab-a thawn a huam a ni. Chutah chuan pathologist pakhat chuan microscope hmangin sample chu a enfiah a, cancer cell a awm leh awm loh a enfiah a.

Cancer cells a awm tih finfiah a nih chuan, chu cancer cells chung lamah chuan `HER2` protein engzat nge awm tih, a nih loh leh `HER2` gene copy engzat nge awm tih hriat nan special test an nei thin.

• `HER2` protein emaw gene emaw normal (low) i neih chuan `HER2-negative` hnute cancer i nei tihna a ni.

Hemi atana laboratory test lian ber pahnih an tihte chu:

1. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) : He test hian antibody leh dye bik hmangin cancer cell chunglama HER2 protein awm chu a hmuchhuak thin. IHC result 0 emaw 1+ emaw a nih chuan cancer chu HER2-negative anga ngaih a ni. Results chu 2+ (a then chuan "equivocal" emaw "borderline" emaw an tih) a nih chuan HER2 status finfiah nan FISH tih test pawh an ti bawk.

2. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) : He test hian cancer cell-ah HER2 protein siamtu HER2 gene copy engzat nge awm tih a en a. Hei hian microscope bik leh fluorescent (light-emitting) marker te hman a ni. IHC test result a chiang lo, 2+ ang chi ah chuan FISH test hian HER2 status (negative emaw positive emaw) chu chiang takin a nemnghet thei a ni.

Heng `HER2` test bakah hian pathologist hian biopsy sample pawh a enfiah ang a, cancer-a estrogen receptor (ETU) leh progesterone receptor (PR) awm leh awm loh a zawng ang.

I cancer stage hriat theih nan (chu chu tumor lian zia leh lymph node emaw taksa hmun hla tak takah a darh em tih hriat nan) mammogram, ultrasound, CT scan, emaw MRI scan ang chi imaging procedure i neih a ngai thei bawk.

I doctor chuan heng information zawng zawng (HER2 status, HR status, cancer stage, leh cancer characteristics) te hi a rawn dah khawm ang a, i tana enkawlna tur ruahmanna tha ber a siam ang.

HER2-negative hnute cancer enkawlna tur engte nge ni?

HER2-negative hnute cancer enkawlna tha ber chu mi hrang hrangah a inang lo thei. Thil tam takah a innghat a, i cancer stage, hormone receptor-positive emaw negative emaw (HR+/HER2- emaw HR-/HER2- emaw), leh i hriselna zawng zawngah a innghat a ni.

A tlangpuiin enkawlna hrang hrangah hian:

• Breast cancer surgery : Cancer tumor leh a chhehvela tissue hrisel thenkhat lakchhuah. Hei hi lumpectomy, hnute thenkhat lakchhuahna emaw, mastectomy, hnute pumpui lakchhuahna emaw a ni thei.
• Radiation therapy : High-energy rays hi operation hnua cancer cell awm thei zawng zawng tihchhiat nan emaw, operation hmaa tumor tihtlem nan emaw hman a ni.

Heng enkawlna bulpui bakah hian cancer chi hrang hrang a zirin enkawlna bik dang a awm a:

HR+/HER2- (hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative) hnute cancer enkawl dan

Hetiang cancer chi hi hormone-a innghat a nih avangin heng enkawlna te hi surgery leh/ emaw radiation therapy bakah hian a pawimawh hle bawk:

• Hormone therapy : Heng enkawlnate hian cancer tihpunna tura puitu hormone estrogen emaw progesterone level tihhniam emaw, chu hormone te chu cancer cell-a inzawmna tihtawp emaw hmangin hna a thawk a ni. Entir nan:
• Aromatase titawptu (e.g. Anastrozole, Letrozole, Exemestane) te hi a tha hle.
• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists (ovary atanga hormone siam chhuah tihtawp) .
• `Estrogen receptor modulator thlan bik (SERMs)` (e.g. Tamoxifen, Raloxifene) te hi a tha hle.

A then phei chuan i ovary te lakchhuah nan operation (oophorectomy) i neih a ngai mai thei a, chu chuan estrogen a siam chhuak thin. Hormone therapy hi a mah chauhin emaw, targeted therapy nen pawh kum engemaw zat pek theih a ni.

• Targeted therapy : Heng enkawlnate hian cancer cell-a chak lohna bikte chu an target a, cancer cell-te than leh darh zel tur tihtawp nan an bei a ni. HR+/HER2- cancer tan chuan CDK4/6 inhibitor an tih damdawi (e.g. Palbociclib, Ribociclib, Abemaciclib) te hi hormone therapy nen hman dun a ni. Chungte chuan cancer cell inthen darhna control tu enzyme pakhat chu a block a ni.
• Chemotherapy: HR+/HER2- hnute cancer thenkhat tan chuan, a bik takin cancer hi a darh tawh emaw, a nasat em avangin doctor-te chuan hormone therapy leh/ emaw targeted therapy nen chemotherapy an rawt thei a ni.

HR-/HER2- (triple-negative) hnute cancer enkawl dan

A chhan chu triple-negative hnute cancer hi hormone-a innghat a nih loh avangin hormone therapy hi a hlawhtling lo. Surgery leh/ emaw radiation therapy bakah hian a hnuaia enkawlna te hi hman a ni ber:

• Chemotherapy : Chemotherapy hi triple-negative cancer enkawlna atana pawimawh tak a ni. Doctor ten chemotherapy damdawi chi hrang hrang an hmang thin. Damdawi pakhat emaw, damdawi engemaw zat inzawm emaw an pe thei.
• Immunotherapy : Hei hi enkawlna thar tak a ni. I taksa ngeia immune system tichakin cancer cells te hriatchhuah leh tichhe thei turin a thawk a ni. Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®) hi Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-in a pawmpui immunotherapy damdawi a ni a, triple-negative hnute cancer chi hrang hrang tan chemotherapy nen pek a ni.
• Targeted therapy : BRCA gene mutation nei triple-negative cancer tan chuan targeted drugs PARP inhibitors (e.g., Olaparib, Talazoparib) an tih te hman a ni. Tin, metastatic disease tan pawh targeted therapies chi thar (e.g., antibody-drug conjugates) a awm tawh bawk.

Enkawlnate hian eng side effect nge a neih?

Cancer enkawlna hian cancer hi \ha takin a do thei a, mahse enkawlna zawng zawng, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, leh immunotherapy te hian side effect engemaw zat a nei thei a ni. Chungte chu hun eng emaw chen atan emaw, hun rei tak chhung emaw pawh a ni thei. Entirnan, hahna, luak chhuak, luak chhuak, sam tlakchham, chaw ei chak lohna, hmui na, vun danglam, ril\am emaw, ril\am emaw, thisen cell count tlem te.

Heng side effects te hi eng nge an nih, eng chen nge a awm dawn tih leh engtin nge i enkawl ang tih te hi i doctor nen sawiho ngei ang che. Palliative care specialist te hnenah pawh an refer thei bawk. Palliative care hi cancer natna tawp ber atan chauh a ni lo va, enkawlna chhung zawnga symptoms leh side effects te enkawlin i nun quality vawng reng turin a pui bawk.

HER2-negative hnute cancer hi engzat nge tihdam theih?

HER2-negative hnute cancer zawng zawngah hian cancer hi hnute chhungah chauh a awm a, a darh loh (local stage) chuan taksa peng hla tak tak (e.g., liver, lung, thluak, ruh) (metastatic cancer emaw distant stage)-a cancer a darh lai aiin damchhuahna rate a sang zawk hle.Cancer hnai ber lymph node-ah chauh darh tawh, taksa peng hla tak takah (regional stage) darh lote damchhuahna rate hi a inkar laiah a awm a ni.

Mahse, i dam leh theihna chance, a nih loh leh i prognosis chu i diagnosis-a thil chiang tak takah a innghat tih hriat reng a pawimawh. Chung zingah chuan cancer hi eng chen nge a darh (stage), cancer hian hormone receptor status (HR+/HER2- emaw HR-/HER2-) a neih leh neih loh), cancer cells te hi eng chen nge an aggressive (grade), i kum, hriselna zawng zawng, leh enkawlna i dawn dan te a ni. Hengte hi i doctor-in a sawipui thei che a, i beisei tur a hrilhfiah thei che a ni. Statistics hi averages chauh a ni a, mi zawng zawng tan a inang vek dawn lo.

Engtin nge ka in enkawl ang? (Mahni inenkawlna) .

Early-stage HER2-negative breast cancer vei emaw, advanced cancer vei emaw pawh ni ila, mahni invenna atan hun hman a pawimawh hle. Hei hian taksa leh rilru lamah a pui ang che. I tih theih ṭhenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• I mamawh hunah chawlh hahdam rawh : Cancer leh cancer enkawlna atang pawhin chau leh hahdam taka inhriat hi thil pangngai a ni. I chau tih i hriat chuan chawlh hahdam la, chawlh hahdam rawh. I taksa chu ngaithla rawh.
• Ei leh in hrisel, chaw tha ei : Cancer enkawlna thenkhat hian i ei duhna leh i ei duhna a tichhe thei a ni. Mahse i taksa mamawh nutrients i hmuh theih nan balanced diet ei tum ang che. Thlai, thlai, fiber, leh protein tamna ei tur te pawh telh bawk ang che. Eng ei tur nge ei tur nge ei loh tur tih i hriat chian loh chuan dietitian hnenah thurawn dil rawh.
• Exercise (mahse tih lutuk suh) : I doctor-in a rawt angin i tana tha level-a exercise pangngai tih a pawimawh. Light walking emaw yoga emaw pawh hi a tha thei. I chakna a tipung thei a, i mood a ti tha thei a, side effects a tihziaawm thei bawk. Mahse, i doctor hnenah eng exercise nge i tan a tha tih leh engzat nge i tih tur tih zawt la, i natna hmuhchhuah leh enkawl dan azirin.
• Manage stress : Hetiang natna hian stress, lungkham leh hlauhna nei hi thil pangngai a ni. I tana thawk thei tur enkawl dan tur zawng rawh. Meditation leh thawk chhuahna exercise hian mi ṭhenkhat tân hna a thawh laiin, ṭhenkhat chuan lehkhabu chhiar, music ngaihthlâk, lemziak, a nih loh leh huan siam ang chi thil siam chhuahna lama inhmang an duh zâwk mai thei. Nitin hun engemaw chen chu i rilru hahdam leh hahdam taka awm theihna tura ṭanpui thei thiltih eng pawh atân hun engemaw chen ruat rawh.
• Psychological support dawng rawh: Chhungte leh thian hnai tak takte nen i rilru put hmang sawipui a pawimawh. Cancer natna vei mek midangte nena inzawmna siam leh an thil tawn te sawi chhuah pawh hian chakna nasa tak a pe thei bawk. I doctor hnenah support group emaw cancer survivorship program emaw chungchang zawt rawh.

Engtikah nge Doctor ka hmuh ang?

I doctor nena inbiak reng a pawimawh hle a, enkawl lai leh enkawl hnuah pawh.

• Symptom thar i neih chuan (e.g., natna awm reng, lump thar, thawk harsatna, sawifiah theih loha i taksa rihna tlahniam), emaw, tuna i symptoms te hi a zual zel ang tih i hriat chuan , i doctor hmu nghal emaw, hriattir nghal emaw rawh
• Enkawlna i neih zawh chuan i doctor chuan a hun takah follow-up appointment a ruahman ang . Heng appointment te hi i zawm ngei ngei tur a ni. Chungte chu a lo lang leh em tih enfiah te, enkawlna avanga hun rei tak chhunga nghawng tha lo awm thei te enkawl te, leh i hriselna zawng zawng enfiah te a ni. Heng follow-up appointment te hi enkawl hnu kum nga hmasa berah hian a pawimawh hle a ni . Hei hi cancer a lo awm leh fo hun a ni.

Doctor hnenah eng zawhna nge ka zawh ang?

Doctor nena inbiak hian zawhna i neih apiang, eng ang pawhin tenau pawh ni se, zawh hreh suh. I tanpui theihna tura zawhna i zawh theih ṭhenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Ka cancer hormone receptor-positive nge negative?
• Ka cancer subtype leh stage bik chu eng nge ni?
• Eng enkawlna nge min rawt? Engati nge?
• Heng enkawlna atang hian hun rei lote leh hun rei tak chhunga nghawng tha lo awm thei tur chu engte nge ni? Anmahni tihtlem nan eng nge tih theih ang?
• Enkawlna hian eng chen nge a daih?
• Ka prognosis chungchang hi eng nge min hrilh theih ang?
• Inenkawl lai hian ka nitin hnathawh (hnathawh, inchhung hna) hi ka chhunzawm thei ang em?
• Ka ei leh in leh exercise chungchangah hian thil bik ka ngaihven tur a awm em?
• Cancer lo kir leh theihna tur tihtlem nan eng nge ka tih theih ang?
• Support services emaw counseling emaw ka mamawh a nih chuan referral ka dawng thei ang em?

Heng zawhnate hi ziak la, zawt la, engmah i theihnghilh lo ang.

HER2-positive nge negative nih a tha zawk?

Hei hi mi tam takin an zawh thin a ni. Mahse hei hi chhanna awlsam tak pek a harsa a, a chhan chu thudik tak chu ‘a innghat’ tih hi a ni .

Entirnan, HER2-positive hnute cancer te hi HER2-negative cancer aiin an thang chak zawk a, an na zawk bawk. Mahse, hei hi a thatna a awm. HER2 proteins target thei therapies bik a awm a, e.g., Herceptin, Perjeta, HER2-positive cancer tan pawh a tangkai hle. Heng enkawlna te hian HER2-negative cancer tan a thawk tha lo a, a chhan chu chu cancer te hian target tur HER2 protein an nei tam lo a ni.

A lehlamah chuan `HER2-negative` cancer chu `HR+` (hormone receptor-positive), chu chu `HR+/HER2-` type a nih chuan hormonal therapies tha tak tak leh targeted therapies `CDK4/6 inhibitors` ang chi te a awm a ni. Dik tak chuan `HR+/HER2-` hnute cancer hi hnute cancer subtype awm tawh zingah prognosis tha ber nia ngaih a ni.

Mahse cancer hi `HER2-negative` (HR-) (hormone receptor-negative), chu chu triple-negative a nih chuan chi dang aiin a na zawk thei tlangpui a, enkawl pawh a harsa deuh thei bawk. Mahse tunah chuan chemotherapy, immunotherapy, leh chutiang atan pawha targeted therapies thar a awm ta.

Chuvangin pakhat zawk chu a dang aiin "a tha zawk" emaw, "a chhe zawk" emaw tih theih a ni lo. A pawimawh ber chu i cancer subtype bik dik taka hriatchhuah a, a tana tha ber enkawlna tha ber dawng hi a ni.

A tawp berah chuan ka hrilh a ngai a ni... (Take-Home Message)

`HER2-negative` hnute cancer i vei tih hmuhchhuah a nih chuan hlauhna leh lungkhamna i neih hi thil pangngai a ni. Mahse, hei hi khawvel tawpna a ni lo tih hre reng ang che. Tunlai hian Science leh medical technology a lo changkang hle a, he cancer chi hi enkawlna tha tak tak a awm nual.

A pawimawh ber chu:

• He dinhmun chungchangah hian uluk taka hriattirna.
• I taksa, a bik takin i hnute inthlak danglamna hi fimkhur fo ang che.
• Ringhlelna i neih chuan a hun takah doctor hmu la, check out rawh.
• I doctor nen zalen tak leh rinawm takin inbiakna nei la, i zawhna zawng zawng zawt la, enkawlna kawng hrang hrangte hriatthiamna tha tak nei rawh.

He zinkawngah hian nangmah chauh i ni lo tih hre reng ang che. Doctor thiam tak tak, nurse, i chhungte, leh i thian hnai ber berte pawh an awm a, anmahni tanpui tur leh thlawp turin an awm a ni. Thil \ha tak pu la, i doctor-te thupek dik tak zawm la, i mamawh \anpuina dawng la, chutiang dinhmun chu hlawhtling takin i hmachhawn thei ang a, i dam leh thei ngei ang. I chak zawk rawh se!

` Hnute cancer, HER2-negative, cancer symptoms, cancer enkawlna, hmeichhe hriselna, hormone therapy, triple-negative