HIV leh AIDS chungchang hi i hre chiang em? Heng dinhmun hlauhawm tak tak (HIV & AIDS) chungchang hi han sawi ila!

HIV leh AIDS tih thu i hriat hian i hlauthawng deuh mai thei, a dik em? Khawtlang nunah hengte chanchin hi tam tak awm mah se, eng nge an nih, engtin nge an lo awm tih leh inven dan tur dik tak hriat a pawimawh hle. Chuvangin vawiinah hian hengte hi chipchiar takin kan sawi dawn a, in hriatthiam theih tur angin.

HIV chu eng nge ni? (HIV hi eng nge ni?)

A awlsam zawngin HIV hi Human Immunodeficiency Virus tihna a ni. He virus hi kan taksaa a luh hian kan immune system a rawn bei a. A bik takin he hripui hian a tum ber chu CD4 cells a ni a, chu chu thisen var chi khat, natna laka kan taksa venhimtu a ni. HIV hrik hian heng cell te hi a tihchhiat rual hian kan taksain natna a do theihna chu a tlahniam zauh zauh a.

He HIV virus hian finthlak takin hna a thawk a. Kan cell DNA-ah hian a thupek a dah lut thin. Hetianga hnunglam hawia hnathawk virus te hi retrovirus kan ti thin .

Chuti a nih chuan AIDS hi eng nge ni? (AIDS hi eng nge ni?)

AIDS hi Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome tihna a ni a . Hei hi HIV hrik kai hun hnuhnung ber leh na ber a ni. AIDS vei tih awmzia chu HIV hrik hian an taksa hriselna a tichak lo hle tihna a ni a, an CD4 cell count pawh nasa takin a tlahniam tihna a ni. Hei hian natna chi hrang hrang (opportunistic infection) leh mi hrisel pangngaiin awlsam taka a vei loh tur cancer thlengin a vei awlsam phah a ni.

A tlangpuiin HIV hrik kai hi enkawl loh a nih chuan kum 10 vel chhungin AIDS-ah a kal thei a ni.

HIV leh AIDS hi eng nge an danglamna?

Mi tam tak chuan an pahnih hi an ti buai hle. HIV hi virus a ni. Kan taksa hriselna tichak lotu virus hi a ni. AIDS hi HIV hrik kai avanga natna khirh tak a ni. Immune system nasa taka a chak loh huna natna lo awmte khawlkhawm a ni.

A pawimawh ber chu HIV kai lo chuan AIDS a vei thei lo.

Tunlai inenkawlna changkang tak takte nen chuan HIV kai zawng zawngin AIDS an vei vek dawn lo. Amaherawhchu, enkawl loh a nih chuan HIV vei tam tak chu AIDS vei an hlauhawm hle.

HIV hrik hian mihring chungah eng nge a tih?

HIV hrik hi kan taksaa a luh chuan kan immune system-a CD4 cells (Helper T cells) zawng turin a kal nghal a. Chumi hnuah chuan heng cell te hi a tichhia a ni. Hei hian kan taksaa thisen var (white blood cells) a ti tlem a ni. Chumi avang chuan kan taksa invenna (defence system), a tlangpuiin kan damloh pawhin awlsam taka a lo harhchhuak thei thin chu a chak lo ta hle a ni. Natna tenau tak pawh hi a pawi thei hle.

HIV i kai tirh khan khawsik emaw, flu emaw ang chi symptoms i nei thei. Tichuan, virus hi i taksaah kum tam tak chhung chu a muhil thei a, a natna lan chhuahna a awm lo. Chutih lai chuan i CD4 cells te chu rukruin a tichhia a ni.CD4 cells a tlahniam nasa hle a, a nih loh leh mi hriselte’n an neih loh natna i neih tan chuan HIV hrik kai hi AIDS-ah a lo chang ta a ni tih theih a ni.

AIDS i vei chuan rang takin i thau a tlahniam thei a, i chau hle a, i hmui emaw, i mipat hmeichhiatna hmunah emaw hliam i nei thei a, khawsik a nei a, zanah i thawk hah a, vun rawng pawh a danglam thei bawk. Tin, AIDS vei te hian natna dang leh cancer an nei thei bawk a, chuvangin chutiang nena inzawm symptoms te pawh a lang thei bawk.

Retrovirus hi eng nge a nih tih tlem han zir ila.

Kan taksa cell te hian blueprint (instruction set) DNA an tih angin hna an thawk a. He DNA hian RNA an tih thuchah a siam a, chu thuchah ang chuan kan taksa mamawh protein te chu siam a ni.

Mahse, retrovirus te hian a lehlamah hna an thawk thung. An thupekte chu RNA hmanga ziah a ni. Virus kan cell-a a luh hian a RNA chu kan cell chhunga DNA ang deuhin a siam danglam thin. Tichuan, kan cell chhunga DNA chu a tikehsawm a, a thupekte chu a chhungah a dah lut ta a ni. Tichuan, kan cell te hian virus thupek angin hna an thawk a. HIV hi chutiang retrovirus pakhat a ni.

HIV hian tute nge a tuar ber?

"Mi thenkhat chauhvin HIV an vei" tia mipui rin dan hi a dik lo tak zet a ni. Tupawh hri kai chuan HIV an kai thei a ni. Invenna tel lova sex hman leh ruihhlo inject nana needle insem hi HIV darh dan ber a ni.

Amaherawhchu, statistics atanga a lan dan chuan mi pawl thenkhat chu HIV vei tam zawk an ni. Chung zingah chuan:

• Gay, Bisexual, MSM te an ni.
• Hnam thenkhat, entirnan mipa hring leh Hispanic (hei hi Sri Lanka nen chuan a inzawm lo hle a, mahse hei hi khawvel dinhmun a ni).
• Sum leh pai emaw thil dang emaw inthlengna atana mipat hmeichhiatna lama service pe thinte chu HIV kai theihna a sang zawk a ni.

Heng mite chauh hi HIV vei an ni lo. Mahse, heng pawlte hian HIV laka invenna, test leh enkawlna \ha tak dawn theihna kawngah harsatna tam tak an tawk a ni. Homophobia, chi inthliarna, retheihna leh HIV chungchanga sawichhiatna te hian mi tam tak chu hriselna lama service tha tak tak an dawn theih loh phah a ni.

HIV hi engtiang chiahin nge a hluar?

Tunah chuan khawvela HIV hrik kai thar zat chu tlemin a tlahniam ta a ni. Mahse mi tam tak chu HIV vei an la dam reng a ni. Pawimawh tak chu HIV vei mi tam tak chuan an vei tih pawh an hre lo. Chuvang chuan HIV test neih reng a pawimawh.

HIV natna lan chhuah dante chu engte nge ni?

HIV natna lanchhuahna nei lo pawh nise i kai thei a ni. Chuvang chuan damlo inhriat loh pawhin HIV test neih a pawimawh.

A châng chuan HIV i kai hmasak ber ṭumin khawsik emaw, khawsik emaw ang chi symptoms i nei thei bawk. Hei hi "Acute Retroviral Syndrome" (ARS) an ti a ni. Heng symptoms te hi:

• Khawsik
• Ka vawt deuh deuh a.
• Chau lutuk
• Hrawk thip
• Muscle na a na
• Zan a thawk hah
• Vun a hring chhuak
• Lymph node a lo hring chhuak
• Kawngkhar natna

Heng symptoms te hi kar khat emaw kar hnih emaw, thla khat emaw chhungin a reh tlangpui.

HIV vei hi eng stage nge ni?

HIV hrik kai hi a bulpui ber pathum a awm a, chungte chu:

Stage 1: HIV hrik kai chak lutuk

Mi thenkhat chuan HIV an kai atanga thla khat emaw thla hnih emaw chhungin khawsik emaw, khawsik emaw ang chi symptoms an nei thei. Heng symptoms te hi kar khat emaw thla khat emaw chhungin a reh fo thin. Hetih hun chhung hian , he hri hi taksaah a pung chak hle a, chuvangin midang kai theihna a sang hle.

Stage 2: HIV hrik kai rei tawh/Clinical Latency

Acute phase hnuah kum tam tak chhung HIV nen natna nei lovin i nung thei a ni. Hei hi “chronic phase” emaw “clinical latency” emaw an ti a. Hriat reng tur pawimawh tak chu natna nei lo mah la, HIV hi midangte hnenah i kai darh thei tho a ni. Enkawlna i hmuh loh chuan he phase hi kum 10 emaw a aia rei emaw a daih thei. Mahse mi thenkhat tan chuan he phase hi a tawp thuai thei. Enkawlna dawngtute chu kum sawm tam tak chhung chu he phase-ah hian an awm thei a ni.

Stage 3: AIDS natna a ni

AIDS hi HIV hrik kai nasat ber a ni. Hetiang dinhmunah hian HIV virus hian i immune system nasa takin a tichak lo va, opportunistic infection i vei awlsam zawk a ni .

Opportunistic infection chu a tlangpuiin immune system hrisel tak neiin awlsam taka a control theih natna a ni. Amaherawhchu, HIV-in immune system a tihchak loh chuan heng infection te hian taksa tan harsatna nasa tak a thlen thei a ni.

AIDS vei zingah pawh cancer chi hrang hrang vei theihna a sang hle. Heng cancer leh opportunistic infection te hi an vaiin "AIDS-defining illnesses" tia hriat an ni.

Mi pakhatin AIDS a vei tih hriat a nih theih nan HIV kai a nih a ngai a, a hnuaia natna pakhat tal a neih a ngai bawk:

• Thisen cubic millimeter khatah CD4 cell 200 aia tlem (200 cells/mm3) nei.
• "AIDS thlentu natna" pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw neih.

AIDS thlentu natnate chu engte nge ni?

Chung zingah chuan opportunistic infection, cancer thenkhat (virus avanga lo awm fo), leh nervous system natna thenkhat te pawh a tel. Entirna thenkhat chu:

• Burkitt lymphoma natna a ni
• Candidiasis chu bronchi, esophagus, trachea emaw lung emaw atanga lo chhuak a ni
• Chronic intestinal isosporiasis (cystoisosporiasis) thla khat aia rei awm thei
• Coccidioidomycosis, a darh/ril pawn lam atanga lo chhuak
• Chronic intestinal cryptosporidiosis thla khat aia rei awm thei
• Cytomegalovirus natna (liver, spleen, emaw lymph nodes tello), thla khat aia upa te zingah a awm thin.
• Cytomegalovirus retinitis (mitdelna nei) .
• Encephalopathy hi HIV vang nia sawi a ni
• Extrapulmonary cryptococcosis a awm thin a ni
• Herpes simplex ulcers (thla khat aia rei) .
• Herpes simplex bronchitis, pneumonitis emaw esophagitis (thla khat aia upa te zingah a awm) .
• Histoplasmosis, a darh/ril pawn lam atanga lo chhuak
• HIV wasting syndrome (HIV wasting syndrome - taksa rihna tihtlem lutuk) .
• Invasive cervical cancer a ni
• Immunoblastic Lymphoma natna a ni
• Kaposi sarcoma a ni
• Bacteria infection tam tak emaw, a lo awm leh emaw
• Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), a darh/ril pawn lam atanga chhuak
• Mycobacterium kansasii, a darh/lung pawn lam atanga lo chhuak
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) hi khawi hmunah pawh a awm thei
• Mycobacterium chi dang emaw, chi hriat loh emaw, disseminated/extrapulmonary
• Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) a ni a, a rilru a hah lutuk a, a rilru a buai em em bawk a.
• Thluak atanga primary lymphoma a awm
• A rilru a buai em em a, a rilru a hah em em bawk a. Multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) .
• Pneumonia lo awm leh thin
• Salmonella septicemia (nontyphoid) lo awm leh thin .
• Toxoplasmosis of the brain (thla khat aia upa teah a awm thin) .

AIDS natna lan chhuah dante chu engte nge ni?

AIDS chhinchhiahna hi HIV hrik kai vang ngei pawh a ni thei a, chubakah natna dang, i taksa hriselna chak lo tak takte hmang tangkai thei a ni bawk. Chung zinga ṭhenkhat chu:

• Rihna tihtlem vat
• Khawsik fo emaw, zan lama thawk hah lutuk emaw
• Chhan awm lova chau lutuk tih hriat
• Armpits, groin emaw neck area emaw a hring chhuak
• Kar tam tak chhung a awm thei diarrhea
• Kawng, hnute emaw, mipat hmeichhiatna hmuna hliam
• Pneumonia natna (Pneumonia) a ni
• Vun chhungah, hmui chhungah, hnar chhungah emaw, mitmeng chhungah emaw sen, brown, pink emaw purple emaw a awm
• Hriatrengna hloh, lungngaihna leh thluak lam harsatna dangte

HIV/AIDS hi eng nge thlen?

HIV hi virus pakhat Human Immunodeficiency Virus tih atanga lo chhuak a ni a . He virus hian kan immune system-a CD4 cells (helper T-cells) te chu a bei a .An bei a, an tichhia a, chu chuan immune system a tichak lo hle.

AIDS hi HIV hian immune cells nasa takin a tihtlem a, immune system a tichak lo va, natna dang a do theih loh phah a ni.

HIV hi engtin nge a darh?

HIV hi HIV kai thisen, semen, vaginal fluid, nu hnute tui, leh anal secretion hmanga kai theih a ni. Mipa leh hmeichhia emaw, mipat hmeichhiatna lama inhmangaihna emaw nei apiang chu HIV kai thei a, midang hnenah a kai thei a ni.

He virus hi i taksaah i hmui, rectum, penis, vagina, emaw vun chhe tawh hmangin i taksaah a lut thei a ni. Vunah hliam emaw, hliam emaw a awm loh chuan vun hrisel hmangin virus hi a lut thei lo. Naupai leh HIV vei i nih chuan i naute hnenah pawh he hri hi a kai thei a ni.

Invenna tel lova sex hman leh ruihhlo inject nan needle insem hi HIV darh dan ber a ni. Natna nei lo mah la, HIV chu midangte hnenah i kai darh thei tho a ni.

HIV hi infawhna hmanga kai theih a ni em?

HIV hi hmui hmanga kai a nih loh avangin fawhna hmanga HIV kai chu thil awmdan a ni lo. Mahse, kawppui pahnihte hian hmui natna emaw, thisen chhuak emaw an neih chuan, deep, open-mouthed kissing neih chhung hian HIV kai theihna chance a tlem hle a, taksa tui dang pawh inthleng theih a nih avangin.

Tin, HIV hi hengte hmang hian kai theih a ni lo :

• HIV/AIDS vei khawih emaw, kuah emaw hmangin.
• Mipui inthiarna emaw swimming pool emaw atang pawhin.
• HIV/AIDS vei te nena cup, dish emaw phone emaw insem.
• rulhut ang chi rulhut seh atang hian.
• Thisen pek hmangin (Sri Lanka rama thisen pekna atana hmanraw hmante hi a him hle).

Engtin nge HIV ka vei tih ka hriat theih ang?

Mi pakhatin HIV a vei leh vei loh i en chuan i hre thei lo. Tin, HIV kai i ni thei a, symptom engmah i nei lo thei bawk. HIV i vei em tih hriat theihna awmchhun chu HIV test neih hi a ni.

HIV vei mi pasarih zinga pakhat velin an vei tih an hriat loh avangin, kum 13 leh 64 inkar zawng zawngte chu hriselna endikna pangngaiah vawi khat tal HIV test neih vek a tha. He test hi a duhthusam leh thuruk a ni.

Engtin nge HIV hi hmuhchhuah a nih? (Diagnosis) tih a ni.

HIV hi i thisen emaw i hmui emaw test atanga hriat theih a ni . He test hi in lamah (in lama test kit hmangin), doctor office-ah emaw, i awmna hmuna testing center-ah emaw i ti thei ang.

I test result chu "Negative" a nih chuan heng thil thlengah hian test dang neih belh a ngai tawh lo ang:

• Test hma thla thum chhunga engti kawng mahin HIV i kai lo a nih chuan.
• Thisen test atanga "window period" (virus hmuhchhuah hun chhung) chhunga virus i la kai loh chuan. (I test tawh window period i hriat chian loh chuan doctor zawt rawh.)

Test i tih atanga thla thum chhunga i exposed a nih chuan "no" result finfiah nan test nawn leh a tha.

I test result "Positive" a rawn let leh chuan lab chuan test dang a ti leh ang a, result chu a nemnghet ang.

HIV hriat theihna tur test chi hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?

HIV test hi chi thum a awm a, chungte chu:

1. Antigen/Antibody Test neih dan: 1.1.

• Antigen test-ah hian HIV virus chung lamah p24 an tih marker an zawng thin. Antibody test hian kan taksain chutiang marker laka a siam chemical te chu a zawng thin. He test hian a pahnih hian a zawng vek a ni.
• Doctor chuan i kut vein pakhat atanga thisen sample tlemte a la a. Lab-ah thawn a ni a, p24 leh a dotu antibodies te test a ni. He test hian HIV a kai atanga ni 18 atanga ni 45 inkarah a hmuchhuak thei a ni.
• Rapid antigen/antibody test hi fingerstick thisen sample hmangin tih theih a ni. He test hian HIV a kai atanga ni 18 tal a hriat theih a ni. Results dik tak hmuh theih nan ni 90 thleng a ngai thei. ("Rapid" tih hian result hmuh hun chhung a kawk a, virus hmuhchhuah hun chhung a kawk lo).

2. Antibody Test neih dan: 1.1.

• Heng test te hian i thisen emaw, i hmuiah emaw HIV laka invenna (antibody) a zawng thin. Hei hi i kut vein atanga thisen sample lak emaw, finger prick emaw, i hmui swab atanga saliva sample lak emaw hmangin tih theih a ni.
• HIV hmuhchhuah nan antibody test neih nan exposure atanga ni 23 leh ni 90 inkar a ngai thei. Antibody test hi vein atanga thisen lakchhuah a ni a, hei hian HIV hi a hmuchhuak rang zawk a, chu chu saliva emaw fingerstick atanga thisen lak emaw test aiin a rang zawk a ni.

3. Nucleic Acid Test (NATs) hmanga thil tih dan: 1.1.

• NAT te hian i thisena HIV virus awm chu an zawng thin. Doctor chuan i kut vein pakhat atanga thisen sample tlemte a la a. HIV test turin lab-ah thawn a ni.
• NAT hian HIV a kai atanga ni 10 leh ni 33 inkarah a hmuchhuak thei tlangpui. Mahse, he test hi a tlangpuiin high-risk exposure i neih tawh chauhvin tih thin a ni.

I test result "positive" a nih chuan i doctor chuan i hriselna tehna atan test dang neih belh a rawt ang. Chûng zîngah chuan:

• Thisen chhiar kim (CBC) 1.1.
• Viral hepatitis screening neih a ni
• Chest X-ray neih a ni
• Pap smear (hmeichhia tan) .
• CD4 cell zat (CD4 count) 1.1.
• Tuberculosis test a ni

HIV test hi in lama tih theih a awm em? (In lama test neih thin) .

Ni e, in lama tih theih HIV test kit a awm. Ṭhenkhat chu rapid test an ni. Chutah chuan i hmui chu swab nem leh flexible tak hmangin i hnawih thin. Tichuan, swab chu tui bik awmna tube-ah dahin a result chu chhiar a ni. Minute 15-20 chhungin result a awm thei.

In lama test dangte chuan i kut zungtang chu needle te tak te hmanga hliam na tur hmanrua an hmang thin. Thisen tla khat chu card-ah hnawih a ni a, test kit chu lab-ah mail-in result hmuh theih turin an thawn a ni.

I home test result "positive" a nih chuan i doctor hmu ngei tur a ni a, test dang neih leh la, result finfiah tur a ni.

HIV damdawi a awm em?

Tun dinhmunah HIV damdawi hi a la awm lo. Mahse, HIV natna zual zel dan tur nasa taka thunun thei damdawi tha tak tak tam tak a awm a ni.

HIV hi engtin nge enkawl a nih? (Tihdamna)

HIV hi nitin ei tur damdawi antiretroviral therapy (ART) tih hmanga enkawl a ni.

Damdawi pakhat chauh ni lovin, damdawi chi hrang hrang inzawmkhawm ei hi HIV darh zel tur leh cell tichhe thei tur venna kawng tha ber a ni. Tin, combination pill pawh a awm a, pill pakhatah damdawi engemaw zat a awm bawk. I doctor chuan uluk takin i tan combination dik tak a thlang ang.

ART enkawlna tum ber chu thisen (viral load)-a HIV awm zat (viral load) HIV test hmanga hriat theih loh khawpa tihtlem leh HIV vanga immune system chak lohna control a ni.

HIV damdawi hman dan

ART-a damdawi chi hrang hrang hman hian HIV virus hian a copy tam zawk a siam loh nan emaw, i cell-te a kai loh nan emaw kawng hrang hrangin hna a thawk a ni. ART damdawi chi khat hian brand hming hrang hrang a nei thei.

ART damdawi hi chi hrang hrang a awm a:

• Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) te hi a tha hle a, a chhuahna tur hmun leh a hmanna tur a awm lo.
• Nucleoside ni lo, reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) hmanga siam a ni.
• Protease inhibitor (PI) te hi a tha hle.
• Fusion inhibitor te hi a ni
• CCR5 receptor blocker (CCR5 antagonists) te hi a tha hle.
• Integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) te hi a tha hle a, a chhuahna tur hmun leh a hmanna tur a awm lo.
• Attachment tikhawlo thei te
• Post-attachment tihkhawtlai thei te
• Pharmacokinetic tichaktu a ni
• HIV damdawi chi hrang hrang inzawmkhawm

HIV vei lai hian engtin nge ka inenkawl ang?

Damdawi ei tur chu a tih angin, a hun takah ei a pawimawh hle a, doctor appointment pawh skip loh a pawimawh hle. Hei hi an ti aTreatment adherence an ti a.

Damdawi i ei loh chuan, accident-a pawh nise, HIV virus hian cell a kai dan (mutate) a thlak danglam thei a ni. Chutiang a nih chuan damdawi i ei chuan hna a thawk lo mai thei. I hnathawh hun chhungin i damdawi a hun taka i ei loh emaw, appointment i neih loh emaw chuan i doctor nen sawiho rawh.

HIV ka vei chuan eng nge ka beisei ang?

HIV vei nia hriat i nih chuan, hriat tur pawimawh ber chu HIV vei, enkawl dan tur dik taka zawmtute hian HIV nei lo mi ang bawkin dam rei tak, dam rei tak an nung thei tih hi a ni.

Research atanga a lan dan chuan i CD4 cell count a sang a, i viral load chu enkawlna i tan atanga kum khat chhunga hriat theih loh a nih chuan result tha ber i nei ang a, enkawlna ruahmanna i zawm chhunzawm zel chhung chuan.

Heng thilte hi i tih hian i thlirna i siam \ha thei ang:

• Health checkup pangngai angin test la, a nih loh leh i exposed tawh mai thei nia i ngaih chuan test rawh.
• HIV vei tih hriat a nih hnuah a rang thei ang bera ART enkawl tan.
• Nitin i damdawi hi dik takin ei thin ang che.
• I medical team te nen appointment siam rawh.

ART hian i thisena virus awm zat chu hriat theih loh khawpin a tihtlem thei a, mahse i taksa atangin virus chu a paih chhuak vek thei lo (i cell chhungah a muhil thei). Damdawi i ei fo loh chuan virus hi a darh tan leh thei a, a inthlak danglam thei bawk a, i damdawi hian hna a thawk tawh lo thei bawk.

Enkawl loh chuan HIV hi AIDS-ah a kal zel theih nan kum 10 vel a ngai thei a ni. AIDS i vei a, enkawl loh i nih chuan kum thum vel dang dam leh i beisei thei a ni.

Mahse, enkawl mek zingah chuan CD4 cell count a sang a, enkawl tan atanga kum khat chhunga virus load hriat theih loh chuan HIV nei lo mi ang maiin an dam rei thei a ni. Enkawl tan atanga kum khat chhunga CD4 cell count a tlem chuan, a nih loh leh viral load hriat theih loh a nih chuan HIV nei lo aiin kum 10-20 velin an dam tlem zawk a rinawm.

HIV hi a mah chauhin a bo em?

HIV hi amahin a bo lo. I DNA-ah a inzawm tlat avangin i cell-te chuan i taksa peng pakhatah an ngai a ni. Natna i kai tirh atanga kum tam tak chhung chu symptoms nei lo mah la, natna i nei lo mai thei a, mahse HIV virus hian i immune system a tichhe chhunzawm zel thei a ni.

Damdawi ei lai hian HIV test-a hriat theih loh khawpa virus a hniam lai a awm thei. Heng hun chhung hian HIV hi i taksaah thup bovin, hriat theih lohvin a awm thei a ni. Nakin lawkah a "harh" thei a, i cell te chu a tichhia tan leh thei bawk.

Chuvangin HIV damdawi ei chhunzawm zel hi a pawimawh em em a, natna nei lo emaw, virus hriat theih loh level nei lo emaw pawh nise. Enkawlna tel lo chuan HIV hian i taksa hriselna a tichak lo va, a tawpah chuan natna khirh tak dang a do thei lo.

Engtin nge HIV kai theihna ka tihtlem theih ang?

HIV kai theihna tihziaawmna kawng tha ber chu a darh dan hriat chian a, hnathawh thenkhata inven hi a ni. Invenna tel lova sex hman leh ruihhlo inject nan needle insem hi HIV darh dan ber a ni.

I risk tihtlem theih dan thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Mipat hmeichhiatna chi hrang hrang (vaginal, anal, or oral) atan latex condom (rubbers) hmang thin ang che. Ran thil siam (e.g., beram vun) atanga siam condom hmang suh.
• Tui hmanga siam lubricant (lotion) hmang thin ang che.
• Ruihhlo inject nan needle hi share ngai suh.
• Mipat hmeichhiatna hmanga kai theih natna dang (STI) a awm leh awm loh enfiah leh enkawl. STI dang neih hian HIV kai theihna a tipung a ni.
• I rorelna tichhe turin zu in emaw, ruihhlo hmang emaw suh. Mi zu rui te hian mahni invenna an nei tlem zawk thin.
• HIV kai theihna hlauhawm tak i nih chuan PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) i ei tur em tih doctor zawt rawh .
• HIV i kai tawh nia i ngaih chuan a rang thei ang bera doctor pan la, PEP (Post-exposure prophylaxis) i ei a ngai em tih en rawh.
• Mi dangte hnena HIV i kai theih leh theih loh enfiah turin test neih tum ang che.

HIV laka inven nan condom dik taka hman hi a pawimawh hle. I penis nena inzawm sexual activity eng pawh neih laiin mipa condom hmang thin ang che.

I vagina emaw, i hnute emaw chu ha dam emaw, internal condom (hmeichhe condom) emaw hmangin i humhim thei a ni. Dental dam hi polyurethane emaw latex emaw flat piece a ni a, oral sex neih laiin vagina emaw anus emaw chungah dah theih a ni. Internal condom chu vagina emaw anus-ah dahin hman theih a ni.

Condom chi khat chauh hman tur a ni. Mipa condom leh internal condom pahnih hi a rualin hmang suh.

Damdawi hian HIV a veng thei em?

HIV laka invenna tur damdawi a awm a, chu chu kai tawh leh kai theihna sang tak nei tan pawh a ni. Chungte chu PrEP (Pre-exposure prophylaxis) leh PEP (Post-exposure prophylaxis) an ti a.

Exposure hmaa invenna (PrEP) hman dan tur.

PrEP hi HIV nei lo mahse hri kai theihna sang tak i neih chuan nitin i ei thin pill a ni.

A bik takin HIV i neih loh chuan thla ruk kalta chhung khan anal emaw vaginal emaw sex i hman tawh a, a hnuaia thil awm zawng zawng hi a dik a nih chuan PrEP ei a tha:

• I mipat hmeichhiatna hmanpui hian HIV a nei a.
• Condom i hmang ngai lo.
• Thla ruk kalta chhung khan mipat hmeichhiatna hmanga kai theih natna (STI) i nei tawh a ni.

HIV i neih loh chuan, damdawi i inject a, a hnuaia thil awmte hi a dik a nih chuan PrEP hi a tha ber a ni:

• HIV vei kawppui nen ruihhlo i inject thin.
• Ruihhlo inject nan needle emaw hmanraw dang emaw in insem a.

PrEP hi venhimna chi dang aiah a ni lo. PrEP i ei lai pawhin condom i la hmang reng tur a ni a, ruihhlo inject nan needle insem loh tur a ni.

Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) hman dan tur a ni.

PEP hian HIV damdawi hmangin i inkaichhawn hnuah a rang thei ang bera HIV hrik kai loh nan a bei thin. PEP hi HIV vei lo, emaw, HIV vei leh vei loh hre lo mahse, inremna anga sex hman, mipat hmeichhiatna hmansualna, needle (or hmanraw dang) insem, emaw hnathawhna nena inzawm avanga kai theih nia ngaihte tan a ni.

PEP hi i exposure atanga darkar 72 chhungin i tan tur a ni a, ni 28 chhung nitin i ei tur a ni. PEP hi emergency chauh a ni a, venhimna chi dang, condom hman ang chi aiah a ni lo.

HIV ka vei a nih chuan engtin nge midangte hnena a darh loh nan ka ven theih ang?

Mi dangte hnena HIV kai theih lohna tur kawng tha ber berte chu a tam zawkah chuan mahni invenna kawngte nen a inang vek a ni:

• I mipat hmeichhiatna hmanpuite leh ruihhlo inject tute hnenah HIV i vei tih hrilh la.
• I treatment plan zawm la, i damdawi ei kha skip suh. I viral load hi hriat theih loh a nih chuan mipat hmeichhiatna hmanga HIV kai theihna chu nasa takin a tlahniam a ni (U=U: Undetectable = Untransmittable).
• I sexual partner nen PrEP ei chungchang sawipui rawh.
• I virus load hriat theih loh pawh nise, vaginal, anal, leh oral sex neih laiin condom hmang ang che.
• Ruihhlo inject nana hman tur needle emaw hmanraw dang emaw insem loh tur a ni.
• I mipat hmeichhiatna hmanpui tur zat tihtlem rawh.
• Naupai leh HIV i vei a nih chuan i enkawlna tur ruahmanna, ART damdawi te pawh zawm hian i naute hnena hri kai theihna a ti tlem thei a ni.

HIV ka neih chuan nau ka pai thei ang em?

Mi thenkhat chuan HIV hian naupai a ti harsa zawk niin an ngai a, mahse chu chu a dik lo. HIV i vei a, naupai i duh chuan i Doctor nen inbia ang che. Nangmah leh in kawppui leh in fate hrisel taka awmtir turin ruahmanna in siam dun thei a ni.

I kawppui hnenah invenna tel lo sex hmangin HIV i kai thei a, naupai lai, nau neih lai leh nau hnute pek laiin i naute hnenah pawh i kai thei bawk. ART ei hian i naute hnena HIV kai theihna a ti tlem thei hle a, a bik takin i viral load hriat theih loh a nih chuan. I doctor chuan i naute chu nu hnute aiah formula pe turin a rawt mai thei.

Engtikah nge ka doctor ka hmuh ang?

HIV hrik kai tawh nia i hriat chuan doctor ko nghal rawh. HIV i vei chuan a rang thei ang bera enkawl tan a pawimawh hle .

HIV i vei tih i hriat tawh chuan i doctor-in engtikah nge i sawi tur tih chu zawm la. Infection chi hrang hrang enkawl a pawimawh a, chuvangin natna lan chhuah thar i neih chuan khawsik, zan lama thawk hah, ril\am, emaw, i ngaihtuahna tibuaitu thil dang emaw i neih chuan sawipui rawh.

Doctor hnenah eng zawhna nge ka zawh ang?

• HIV kai theihna a sang zawk em?
• HIV kai theihna tur a tihziaawm theih nan eng nge ka tih theih ang?
• Engtin nge ka damdawi ei dik ka tih theih ang?
• Natna dang laka inven nan enge ka tih theih ang?
• HIV darh zel tur hi engtin nge kan ven theih ang?
• Ka test result hian eng nge a awmzia?
• Ka thisen chhiar hian eng nge a awmzia?
• Eng vaccine nge ka lak ang?

A tawp berah chuan thil hriat reng tur (Take-Home Message) .

AIDS hri leng nasa ber lai aiin tunlai hian enkawlna kawng hrang hrang a tha zawk hle. I natna hi a hmaa hriatchhuah a nih a, ART i hman a, i zawm tlat chuan dam rei theihna chance tha ber i nei a ni. Tûn laiah chuan HIV vei mite chuan hna an thawk thei a, khawtlâng nun ṭha tak an nei thei a, chhûngkaw an enkawl thei a, inlaichînna hlawhtling tak an nei thei bawk. Dik tak chuan heng thilte hian i rilru hriselnaah nghawng tha tak a nei thei a ni.

Enkawlna kawngah eng ang pawhin kan kal tawh a, vanduaithlak takin HIV chhehvela sawichhiatna hi a la awm reng a ni. Diagnosis thar nena lo awm hlauhna leh rinhlelhna bakah hian i chhehvela mite’n engtin nge an tih ang tih pawh i ngaihtuah thei bawk. Test emaw enkawl emaw i hreh a nih chuan, emaw, i hmabak tur i chiang lo a nih chuan, HIV lama tui bik khawtlang pawl nen inbia ang che. Hriselna lama ṭanpuina, lainatna, leh hrisêlna enkawlna ṭha tak dawng tûrin dikna i nei tih hre reng ang che.

` HIV, AIDS, immune system, retrovirus, CD4 cells, ART enkawlna, mipat hmeichhiatna hriselna