I mit hmuh chu a chak lo deuh em? Low Vision chungchang hi i zir chiang ang u.

A chang chuan i mit a chak lo deuh niin i hria em? Glass emaw contact lens emaw hmang pawhin thil i hmu chiang thei lo mai thei? Nitin hna thawh tur te, lehkhabu chhiar te, TV en te i harsat em? Chuvangin, vawiinah hian thupui pakhat, i tana pawimawh tak ni thei tur kan sawi dawn a ni. Chu chu ``Low Vision'' an tih condition chu a ni.

Low vision tih hi eng nge ni tak tak?

A awlsam zawngin, hei hi ``Low Vision`` an tih condition a ni a, chu chu permanent vision impairment i neih hian a lo awm thin . Chumi awmzia chu glasses vuah emaw, ``contact lens`` hmanga siam emaw, mit surgery emaw pawh ni se a siamthat kim thei lo tihna a ni. Mit doctor tam zawk chuan he ``Low Vision`` condition hi mitdelna level hniam lam atanga na tak thlengin an sawi. I chak lohna nasat dan azirin nitin i thiltih, lirthei khalh emaw, lehkha chhiar emaw a tibuai thei a ni.

"Partially sighted" emaw "legally blind" emaw tih ang chi thumal hi i hre tawh ngei ang. Hengte hi a takah chuan "low vision" tih thupui zau tak hnuaia awm, hrilhfiahna chiang tak tak an ni. Mahse special education emaw disability services emaw dawng thei tura i tlin leh tlin loh pawh an tichiang bawk.

Thil pawimawh tak chu, `(Low Vision)` tih hian mit hmuhna hloh vek tihna a ni lo . Vision level engemaw zat a la awm. `(Vision rehabilitation services)` te chu chu vision la awm chu a tha thei ang bera hmang tangkai turin an awm a ni. Specialist chuan i tana tha tur `(low vision aids)` zawng turin a pui thei che a, i nun awlsam zawk nan a pui thei bawk che a ni.

Visual acuity test-ah hian engtin nge mitdelna hi teh a nih?

Kan mit test huna kan hman tlangpui pakhat chu ``Snellen eye chart.`` a ni.Hei hian feet 20 vela hlaa thil i hmuh theih dan chiang taka tehna a ni. Mit hmuh dan pangngai nei chuan 20/20 a nei an ti. Chumi awmzia chu feet 20 vela hlaah chiang takin i hmu thei tihna a ni.

I vision chu 20/70 a ni ang tih han ngaihtuah teh. Chumi awmzia chu feet 20 a hla atanga mi pangngaiin feet 70 atanga a hmuh theih thil i hmu thei tihna a ni. World Health Organization (WHO) chuan he level hi moderate low vision a ti a. Vision 20/200 aia sang chu severe low vision anga ngaih a ni.

Mahse mit lam thiamte chuan he number hi an en mai mai lo. I field of vision tehna test dang pawh a awm a, chu chu visual field test a ni a, chu chu a sir lehlamah eng chen nge i hmuh theih tih hriat theih a ni. I field of vision degree 20 aia tlem a nih chuan chu pawh chu low vision anga ngaih a ni.

Pawimawh: Mi thenkhat chuan mitdelna an nei a, mahse glasses, contact lens emaw, surgery emaw hmangin siamthat theih a ni. Enkawl hnua i mit a that chuan mit a hniam lo. Low vision hi glasses i vuah pawhin a awm reng a ni.

Mitdelna chhinchhiahnate chu engte nge ni?

Mitdelna hian mi zawng zawng a nghawng dan a inang lo thei. Hetiang hi i tawng thei a ni:

• Central vision loss: I hmaa thil awmte chiang taka hmuh theih lohna. Thlalak lairil chu a blurry ang mai a ni.
• Peripheral vision loss: Mit vel hmuh theihna hloh, tube hmanga en ang maia hmuh theih loh.
• Depth perception loss: Thil awmte inkar hlat zawng dik taka teh theih lohna. Hei hi stairs chhoh emaw chhuk emaw hian a harsa thei hle.
• Contrast sensitivity loss: Background rawng inang loa thil awmte thliar hran harsa . Entirnan, buhfai var leh buhfai var plate khat thliar hran a harsa mai thei.
• Zan lama mit hmuh lohna: Zan lama êng tlem laia mit hmuh lohna.
• Glare resistance loss: Mit a sen a, êng êng tak hnuaia i awm chuan engmah i hmu thei lo a nih chuan .

Hetiang thil hian nitin nunah harsatna i tawk thei a ni:

• Phone-a lehkhabu, chanchinbu leh thil chhiar harsa .
• A khalh thei lo .
• Kitchen-a hnathawh leh chaw siam harsatna nei .
• Sikul leh class-a zir harsa .
• TV emaw video emaw en laia chiang taka hmuh theih loh .
• Computer hman harsatna .
• Mi hmel hriat harsat .
• I kawng zawn chu a harsa hle a, a bîk takin hmun thar, hriat loha kal hunah .

Naupang tê tête mitdelna chhinchhiahna

I fa naupangte hian mit a tlakchham chuan a natna lanchhuahna te chu a lantir thei a ni:

• Thil bumping reng reng .
• An hmai hnaih takin thil an en thin .
• Mit mit tihdel emaw mit tidel emaw reng reng .
• Mit khat hup emaw kut chhuak emaw hmangin ka en fo thin .
• Ka mit chu a hlim hmel hle a, hmun khatah ka dah thei lo .
• Mit hian kawng khat a kawhhmuh lo .
• Mit hmun hnih , iris leh pupil te hi a lian zawng a inang lo .
• Iris leh pupil chu grey emaw white emaw angin a lang .

Hetiang symptoms i hmuh chuan doctor pan ngei ngei tur a ni.

Mitdelna (permanent vision impairment) avanga side effects awm thei

Permanent vision loss neia nun hian side effects a thlen thei bawk a, chungte chu:

• Taksa leh khawtlang nun a tlahniam .
• Independence emaw hna emaw hloh .
• ``Charles Bonnet syndrome'' an tih condition pakhat, thil awm lo i hmuhna hmun.
• Rilru lama harsatna nei lungkhamna emaw lungngaihna emaw .

Eng thilin nge he mitdelna hi a thlen?

Mitdelna hi thil chi hrang hrang vang a ni thei a, chung zingah chuan natna te, chetsualna te, pianpui piansualna te pawh a tel.

A chhan langsar tak tak thenkhat chu:

• Macular degeneration: Hei hi i central vision i hloh zauh zauh thinna a ni. I mit hmuhna lai takah hian blur emaw, dark spot emaw i hmu mai thei. Kum 50 chunglam ah a awm tam ber.
• Cataracts: Hei hi mit natna a ni bawk a, kum upat rualin a awm fo thin. Hei hi mit lens clouding a ni. Hei hi surgery (Cataract surgery) hmanga tihbo theih a ni fo. Mahse, mi zawng zawngin zai an nei thei lo.
• Glaucoma: Hei hi natna zual zel a ni a, i mit nerve a tichhe thin. A tirah chuan peripheral vision leh night vision a nghawng a ni. Enkawl that loh chuan tihdanglam theih loh chhiatna a thleng thei a ni.
• Diabetes-related retinopathy: Hei hi zunthlum natna complication a ni a, mit chhunga thisen kalna kawng atanga tui a luang chhuak a, mit (retina)-ah pressure a siam a, a tawpah chuan mit a tichhe thei a ni.
• Retinopathy of prematurity: Naute piang hma leh incubator-a enkawl te hian an mit (retina)-ah thisen kalna kawng dik lo a nei thei a. A tlem berah chuan hei hian chhiatna nghet tak a thlen thei a ni.
• Amblyopia / mit lazy: Hei hi piansualna a ni. Mit pakhat chuan mit a ti fiah lo. Naupang thluak chuan mit tha chu a thiam zawk a, mit chak lo chu a ngaihsak lo deuh deuh chuan chu mit chu zawi zawiin a sir lamah a inher tan ta a ni.

A chhan dangte chu:

• Refractive errors: Hengte hian mit pianzia a nghawng a, hnai tak emaw, hla tak emaw a thlen thin. Chûngte chu siam ṭhat theih ni mah se, enkawl loh chuan a chhe zual thei a ni.
• Trachoma: Hei hi bacteria infection a ni. Mit a sen thei a, a chhe thei bawk. Khawvelah, a bik takin ram changkang zawkah chuan mitdelna thlentu lian ber a ni.
• Strabismus (misligned eyes): Mit tiharhtu taksa peng hrang hranga harsatna awm. Nausen emaw, naupan lai emaw atanga tan a ni tlangpui.
• Nystagmus (Nystagmus) hi a awm a.Hei hi mit chu rang tak leh thunun theih loha a kal a, hmun khata ngaihtuahna sen theih lohna dinhmun a ni. Pian tirh lamah a awm thei a, nakin lawkah pawh a lo thang lian thei bawk.
• Retinitis pigmentosa: Hei hi mit natna rochun pawl a ni. Retina hian hna a thawk tha tawh lo. Genetic mutation hrang hrang avanga lo awm thei a ni.
• Hypertensive retinopathy: Hun rei tak chhung thisen sang hian taksa peng hrang hranga thisen kal a tichhe thei a, retina pawh a tichhe thei. Mit hmuhna hloh hi thisen kal dan lama harsatna chhinchhiahna hmasa ber a ni thei.
• Retinal detachment: Natna nei lo mahse natna khirh tak a ni. Retina hi a supporting tissue atang hian a inthen ta a ni. Mit a hloh nghal thei a, a awm reng thei bawk.
• Optic atrophy: Mit nerve chu a chak lo zauh zauh a. Hei hi thil chi hrang hrang avanga lo awm thei a ni a, chung zingah chuan accident, natna hrik kai leh thisen kal harsatna te pawh a tel.
• Mit hliam: Mit hliam na tak chuan chhiatna nghet tak a thlen thei a, a bik takin hriat chian loh leh enkawl tha a nih loh chuan. Accident hnua mit lama harsatna i neih chuan fimkhur rawh.
• Thluak hliam: Lu hliam na tak emaw, stroke emaw hian thluak a tichhe thei a, mit hmuhna a tichhe thei bawk. Lu na leh luak chhuak ang chi symptoms te pawh a awm thei a, chubakah mitdelna a awm thei bawk.
• Vitamin A tlakchhamna: Vitamin A hi mit hmuhna atan a pawimawh hle. I ei leh in atanga i hmuh tlem chuan emaw, i taksain a hip thei lo a nih chuan i mit a tichhe thei a ni. Zan lama mitdel hi a lan chhuah hmasak ber a ni.
• Mit cancer: Mit cancer chi hrang hrang hi a tlem hle a, mahse mit a tichhe thei a ni. Cancer paih chhuahna atana enkawlna hian mit hmun thenkhat a tichhe thei emaw, a paih chhuak thei bawk a, mit hmuhna a tichhe thei a ni.

Engtin nge mitdelna kan hriat theih ang?

Mit lam doctor chuan mit test hrang hrang hmangin i mitdelna chu a hre thei a ni. Buaina chu eng nge a nih, a nasat zia leh enkawl theih a nih leh nih loh a hrilh ang che. A hniam lam atanga na tak, tihdanglam theih loh, leh i nun nasa taka nghawng thei a nih chuan ``Low Vision'' tia hriat a ni.

Hetiang diagnosis dawn hi a buaithlak thei hle a, a bik takin i mit hmuhna tihchhiatna tihdanglam theih loh i hriat loh chuan. Thil chi hrang hrang i tawng thei a, chung zingah chuan mangang, buaina, ṭanpui theih lohna, hnialna, thinrimna, leh lungngaihna te pawh a tel. Hei hi thil awmdan pangngai a ni vek.

Engtin nge mit lam doctor-te hian mitdelna an enkawl?

Mit lam enkawltu, mitdelna lama thiamna nei i hmuh chuan, ‘low vision exam’ tih test bik a pe ang che. A hmasain i mit hriselna chanchin kimchang a la ang a, chutah chuan tuna i dinhmun hian i nun a nghawng dan a zawt ang che.

Hmuh lohna hian i tan heng thilte hi engtin nge a nghawng tih a zawt che a ni:

• Sikul emaw hnathawhna hmuna thiltih.
• Chhiar leh computer hman dan.
• Driving a ni.
• Kitchen hnathawh tur.
• Hmai hriat theihna.
• Khualzin thiamna.
• Hobby leh chawlh hahdamna lam thil.
• Rilru dinhmun leh khawtlang nun.

Doctor chuan i mit leh i mit a enfiah bawk ang a, i dinhmun a danglam leh awm loh a enfiah ang. I mit hmuhna tehna atan hian special ``low vision test charts`` an hmang ang.

Hei hi i check duh mai thei bawk:

• Field of vision a ni.
• Mit ruh hnathawh dan.
• Glare sensitivity a awm bawk.
• A rawng thliar hran theihna (Contrast sensitivity).
• Zan lama hmuh theih.
• Color hmuh theihna.
• Thuk taka hriatna.
• Lehkha chhiar thiam.

I test result a zirin low vision specialist chuan i harsatna leh mamawh bikte a zirin personalized treatment plan a siam ang. I nunphung chu i insiamrem theih nan leh i nunphung tihsan theihna turin resources leh recommendation te an pe ang che.

Vision Rehabilitation neih a ni

Mitdelna enkawlna chu ‘vision rehabilitation’ an ti a. He enkawlna hian a tum ber chu i mit hmuhna chu a tha thei ang bera siam leh a, i mit hmuhna nen a theih ang anga mahni inrintawkna neia nung tura puih a ni. Hei hian resource hrang hrang a huam thei a ni.

I ruahmannaah hian:

Vision aid leh device hniam tak tak te

Chûngte chu i ṭangkai hle mai thei:

• Glasses emaw contact lens emaw hmanna tur prescription.
• Optical magnifier emaw telescope emaw hmanga siam a ni.
• Electronic magnifier leh screen reader te a awm bawk.
• Font lian tak tak leh color contrast sang tak nei product te.
• Voice-to-text leh audio chhiar thiamna a ni.
• In lama hmanraw hriat theih tak tak.

Practical training leh tanpuina pek a ni

Hei hi a tangkai hle bawk ang:

• Occupational therapy chu nitin hnathawh tur kawng thara tih zir hi a ni.
• Mobility specialist, i kal kual dan zir tura puitu.
• Rehabilitation instructor, mahni inrintawkna neia nun dan zirtirtu.
• Zirna bik emaw, hnathawhna lama rawngbawlna emaw.
• Rilru hriselna vawng nung turin counselling emaw psychotherapy emaw pek a ni.
• Mitdelna neia khawsa midangte nena inzawmna siam theihna tur group support.

Engtin nge mitdelna neiin ka nun?

Mitdel zawng zawng hian rehabilitation service an zawng vek dawn lo a, mahse mi tam tak chuan nasa takin an hlawkpui thei a ni. An hman theih tur thil tam tak a awm a, hmanraw tangkai tak tak, thurawn leh strategy atanga social leh psychological support system thlengin a awm a ni.

Rualbanlote nena insiamrem chu thil awlsam a ni lo va, mahse mahni chauha tih tum aiin midangte puihnaa tih chu a awlsam zawk. I harsatna chu eng pawh ni se, i hmaah mi dangin an lo hmachhawn tawh tih hre reng ang che. Mi dangte chuan chinfel dân leh hmachhawn dân an hmu a, chu thilte chu i hrilh thei a ni.

Mit chhiatna nghet tak chu ka veng thei ang em?

Permanent vision damage venna tha ber chu mit enfiah fo a, thil danglam tak i hriat chuan doctor pan nghal hi a ni. Mitdelna chhan zawng zawng hi ven theih a nih loh laiin, tam tak chu a hmaa hriat chhuah a nih chuan enkawl theih a ni .

‘Partially sighted’ tih awmzia chu eng nge ni?

Mi tam zawk chuan "partially sighted" tih thumal hi loose takin an hmang a, chu chu mitdelna engemaw chen nei tihna a ni. Mahse, a châng chuan thil chiang zâwk a kawk thei a ni. Chutiang hunah chuan "moderate low vision" (visual acuity 20/70 emaw a aia chhe zawk) ang chi a ni thei.

Ram thenkhatah chuan sorkarah "partially sighted" angin i inziak lut thei a, hlawkna engemaw zat dawng turin i inziak lut thei bawk. Mit i hmuh tlem chuan "partially sighted" i qualify a ni. Education system chhungah chuan "partially sighted" tih hian special education services dawng thei tura i tlin tihna a ni thei.

Pian tirh atanga intan thei mah se, mi tam tak mit hmuhna chu a chhe zauh zauh – a chang chuan zawi zawiin an hre lo pawh a ni thei. Nu leh pa emaw, zirlai emaw, hnathawk emaw, pension tawh emaw pawh ni ila, mit hmuhna hloh ngei ngei tur tih chiang taka hriatthiam chu thil harsa tak a ni thei.

Tu mah mitdelna nei nunna atan an inpeih lo va, mahse i hmaa mi tam tak chuan hlawhtling takin an lo insiamrem tawh a, hmalam panna kawng chu an lo tichiang tawh a ni. Nangmah chauh i ni lo tih hre reng ang che – i professional care team leh i khawtlang te chu an thil tawn hrang hrangah tanpui turin an awm reng a ni.

Take-Home Thuchah a ni

Okay, chuti a nih chuan tunah chuan kan sawi thin kha, ``(Low Vision)`` emaw, low vision emaw kha i hre chiang tawh ang. Hriat reng tur pawimawh thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Low Vision hi mitdelna nghet tak a ni a, glasses emaw, surgery emaw hmang pawhin tihdam kim theih a ni lo.
• Hei hi total blindness a ni lo. Vision thenkhat chu a la awm reng a ni.
• Mi tin hian natna lan chhuah dan a inang lo thei. Chung zingah chuan hmalam mit hmuhna tlahniam, peripheral vision tlahniam, leh chhiar harsatna te pawh a tel thei.
• A chhan tam tak a awm thei. Chung zingah chuan zunthlum, mitdel, glaucoma, accident, leh nau piangsual ang chi natna te pawh a tel.
• Hriat hmasak leh enkawl dan dik a pawimawh. Mit lam doctor hmuh leh ``Vision rehabilitation`` service dawn hian nun a ti awlsam thei hle.
• Nangmah chauh i ni lo. Doctor, counselor leh support group te pawh an awm a, an tanpui thei bawk.

Hetianga mit lama harsatna nei nia i inhriat chuan khawngaihin mit Doctor hmuh hi hlau lo la, zak suh. Acting hmasa hian i nunah danglamna nasa tak a thlen thei a ni.

` Mit, Mit hmuh tlem, Mit Natna, Mit lama harsatna, Mit tlem, Mit enfiah, Mit siamthat