I kawr ah lump i nei em? Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC) chungchang hi han sawi ila!

I kawr chhungah hnah te tak te i hmu tawh em? A nih loh leh doctor-in examination neih laiin a sawi che em? A châng chuan hetiang lump te tak te hi Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC) an tih natna chhinchhiahna hmasa ber a ni thei bawk. Ngaihtuah buai suh, chipchiar leh awlsam takin kan sawi dawn a ni.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tih hi eng nge ni? Thyroid gland hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) hi cancer chi khat, kan thyroid gland-a lo awm thin a ni. Thyroid gland-a follicular cells-ah a intan a ni. Heng cell te hian protein thyroglobulin an siam chhuak thin . Hriat tur pawimawh tak chu PTC hi thyroid cancer chi khat zingah chuan a tam ber a ni.

Tunah chuan thyroid gland hi eng nge a nih kan en ang. Ngaihtuah teh, i kawr hmalam, vun hnuaiah, hnim hring ang maia taksa peng te tak te. Chu chu thyroid gland a ni. Hei hi kan endocrine system a mi a ni . A hna ber chu kan taksaa hna pawimawh tam tak control tu hormone siam chhuah leh chhuah hi a ni.

PTC chungchang sawi dawn chuan cancer lian tham tak a ni tlangpui. Tin, thyroid gland sir khatah (lobe) chauh a lo awm fo bawk.

`PTC` hi subtype hrang hrang a awm em?

Ni e, `PTC` hi subtype engemaw zat a awm. Chung zingah chuan follicular subtype hi a tam ber a ni. A then chuan `mixed papillary-follicular variant` an ti bawk. Subtype dangte chu chutiang chuan a awm lo. Mahse, an lo thang lian thei a, tlem chuan an darh chak zawk thei bawk . Chutiang subtype chu:

• `Column` tih a ni
• `Cell sang tak`
• `Insular` tih a ni
• `Diffuse sclerosis natna a awm`

A châng chuan `PTC` hi `papillary thyroid carcinoma` an ti bawk.

Tute nge papillary thyroid cancer vei?

Dik tak chuan PTC hi tu ah pawh a lo thang lian thei a ni. Mahse, kum chanve vel puitlingah a tam ber . Tin, hmeichhiate hian mipa aiin he natna hi an vei tam zawk bawk.

PTC hi naupangte zingah a tlem hle. Mahse, naupang thyroid cancer chi khat zingah chuan a tam ber a ni.

He `PTC` hi engtiang chiahin nge a awm?

Thyroid cancer hi a awm fo thin. Mahse, a hmaa kan sawi tawh ang khan 80% atanga 85% vel chu PTC type an ni. Chumi awmzia chu thyroid cancer vei mi sawm zinga pariat velin he chi hi an nei tihna a ni.

`PTC` hi natna khirh tak a ni em?

Cancer chi hrang hrang hi a pawi hle. Damdawi lam enkawl a ngai a, taksa peng dangah a darh (metastasize) thei bawk. Mahse, PTC hi thyroid cancer chi dang nena khaikhin chuan a prognosis a tha hle.

A tam zawkah chuan PTC hi hlawhtling taka enkawl theih a ni. Thihna thlentu pawh a tlem hle bawk. Chuvangin, hlauthawng lova, damdawi lam thurawn mumal tak zawm a pawimawh.

Khawiah nge `PTC` hi a darh hmasak ber?

PTC a darh chuan kawr chhunga lymph node-ah a darh hmasa ber a rinawm ber . Heng node te hi bean ang chi te tak te, kan taksa lymphatic system leh immune system-a tel an ni.

`PTC` hi eng chen nge a darh?

PTC hi zawi zawiin lo thang mahse, a kawr chhunga lymph node-ah a darh fo thin. A tlangpuiin PTC vei zinga 30% vel chu an hmuhchhuah lai hian hmun dangah (metastatic papillary thyroid cancer) an darh tawh ang

`PTC` natna lanchhuahna chu engte nge ni?

Vawi tam tak chu PTC chhinchhiahna ber chu thyroid gland-a natna nei lo nodule lo lang hi a ni . Symptom dang pawh a awm lo thei bawk.

Mahse, a tlem hle a, mi ṭhenkhat chuan an kawr, an hmui, a nih loh leh beng natna an nei thei . Chu lump chu kan thlipui emaw, kan chaw kawng emaw a press thei khawpa lian a nih chuan thawk harsa emaw, ei emaw a ti harsa thei a ni .

Pawimawh: I kawr ah lump thar i hmuh chuan a na lo a nih pawhin doctor i pan ngei ngei tur a ni. I hriat hmasak poh leh a enkawlna chu a hlawhtling zawk thin.

`PTC` awm chhante chu engte nge ni?

Scientist-te chuan PTC thlen chhan dik tak chu an la hre lo a , mahse he natna vei theihna tipungtu risk factor engemaw zat an hmuchhuak a, chung zingah chuan radiation exposure leh genetic condition thenkhat te pawh a tel a ni

Radiation exposure leh `PTC` a awm bawk

Mite chu an history-a ionising radiation tam tak tawk tawhte chuan PTC an vei tam zawk. He radiation hi a chhuah theih dante chu:

• Cancer emaw cancer ni lo natna dang emaw enkawlna atan high-dose external radiation treatment hi kawr chhungah pek thin a ni a, a bik takin naupan lai chuan.
• Nuclear power plant accident atanga radiation exposure . Entirnan, kum 1986-a Chernobyl nuclear accident hnuah a chhehvela PTC vei zat chu a let 3 a\angin a let 75-ah a pung a.

Genetic dinhmun leh `PTC` te

PTC nena inzawm hian genetic (inherited) condition engemaw zat a awm a:

• Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP / Gardner syndrome): Hei hi natna awm lo, rochun atanga lo chhuak a ni. Mihringin an ril leh an rectum-ah polyp tam tak a siam a, chu chu cancer a ni thei. FAP vei te hian taksa peng dang, thyroid gland telin tumor an neih theihna a sang hle bawk. He natna hi APC gene-a inherited mutation avanga lo awm a ni.
• Werner syndrome : Hei pawh hi thil awm lo tak a ni. Kum pangngai lo taka tar chakna (progeria) chhinchhiahna a lantir. Werner syndrome vei te hi cancer vei theihna a sang hle. A chi tlangpui chu thyroid cancer a ni. Hetiang natna vei te zingah hian WRN gene-a mutation hrang hrang 80 chuang hmuhchhuah a ni tawh bawk.
• Carney complex type 1 : Hetiang dinhmun hian tumor chi hrang hrang, thyroid tumor te pawh a tipung bawk. PRKAR1A gene-a mutations avanga lo awm a ni fo.

Mahse, hriat reng tur chu PTC vei zawng zawng zinga 5% chauh hi chutiang genetic condition nena inzawm an ni.

`PTC` hi engtin nge kan hriat theih ang?

A tam zawkah chuan PTC hi thyroid gland-a lump angin a lang thin. Nangmah ngeiin i hre tawh mai thei a, a nih loh leh doctor-in i kawng enfiah ṭhinnaah a hmu mai thei bawk. A châng chuan, natna dang scan laiin a lump hi a thleng mai maiin hmuh a ni ṭhin.

I doctor chuan PTC hriat theihna turin a hnuaia test te hi a order thei ang:

• Imaging tests : Heng test te hian thyroid nodule a hriat theih nan a pui thei a ni. Entirnan, thyroid ultrasound , CT scan , leh/ emaw MRI scan te pawh tih theih a ni.
• Fine needle aspiration (needle biopsy ): Doctor chuan i thyroid nodule atanga tissue (biopsy) sample te tak te chu needle te tak te hmangin a la fo thin. Pathologist chuan microscope hmangin tissue chu a en ang a, cancer cell a awm leh awm loh a en ang a, a awm a nih chuan eng thyroid cancer nge a nih tih a en ang.

A châng chuan, i doctor chuan PTC thlentu genetic condition i neih leh neih loh enfiah turin genetic counseling a refer thei che a, chubakah tumor chi dang pawh a awm thei bawk.

PTC hi engtin nge enkawl a nih?

PTC enkawl dan hi tumor lian leh te, cancer a darh leh darh lohah a innghat a ni.

PTC enkawlna ber leh hman tlanglawn ber chu operation hi a ni.Tumor lian tham leh awmna hmun a zirin i surgeon chuan thyroid gland thenkhat (lobectomy) emaw, gland pumpui (thyroidectomy) emaw a la chhuak thei a ni. Cancer hi thyroid glands-ah a awm a nih chuan surgeon chuan thyroid surgery neih rualin emaw, surgery vawi hnihnaah emaw a natna glands chu a la chhuak thei a ni.

Pawimawh: I thyroid gland zawng zawng lakchhuah a nih chuan (total thyroidectomy), i dam chhung zawng thyroid hormone pills i ei a ngai dawn a ni .

PTC enkawlna dangte chu:

• Radioiodine therapy : Thyroid cell leh PTC cell te hian mineral iodine (ei tur thenkhata awm) chu an hip lut thin. Hemi avang hian doctor-te chuan a chang chuan radioactive form of iodine hmangin thyroid gland an lakchhuah hnua thyroid tissue pangngai la awm zawng zawng an tichhia a, chubakah cancer natna nei thyroid tissue awm thei zawng zawng pawh an tichhia bawk.
• Radiation therapy : Radiation hian cancer cell te a that a, an thang lian thei lo. External radiation therapy-ah chuan machine chuan chakna beam chak tak tak chu tumor lam hawiin direct-in a kaihruai thin. Internal radiation therapy-ah chuan radioactive chi chu tumor chhungah emaw, a chhehvelah emaw dah a ni.
• Chemotherapy : Chemotherapy damdawi intravenous (IV) emaw orally (oral) emaw pek hian cancer cell te a that a, cancer a lo thang lian zel tur chu a titawp thin. Mahse, thyroid cancer vei zinga za zela tlemte chauhvin chemotherapy an mamawh a ni.

`PTC` enkawlna hian eng side effect leh complication nge a neih?

Thyroidectomy leh radioiodine therapy hmanga side effect awm thei chu permanent hypothyroidism a ni. Chuvangin, heng enkawlna zinga pakhat emaw, pahnih emaw i neih chuan i dam chhung zawng thyroid hormone pill i ei a ngai dawn a ni .

Thyroid surgery neih lai hian harsatna engemaw zat a awm thei a:

• Kaichhawng.
• Accidental removal or damage to the parathyroid glands , chu chuan i thisena calcium level a control a ni.
• Thyroid gland hnung lama kal laryngeal nerve lo lang leh thin tihchhiat. Hei hian aw chu a ti ri thei a, a chak lo thei bawk.

Radioactive iodine hmanga enkawlna avanga nghawng tha lo awm thei te:

• Nausea leh luak chhuak.
• Sialadenitis - hmui hnim hring (salivary gland) a hring.
• Thyrotoxicosis hun rei lote chhunga awm.
• Pulmonary fibrosis natna a ni a, chu chuan lung tissue a scarring a siam thin.
• Hun eng emaw chen emaw, nau pai thei lo emaw.
• Leukemia natna (Leukemia) a niLeukemia, hnute cancer emaw, bladder cancer emaw vei theihna tlemte.

`PTC` hi ven theih a ni em?

Thyroid cancer vei tam tak chuan risk factor bik an nei lo. Chuvangin PTC vei tam zawk hi chu ven theih a ni lo.

A bik takin naupan laia radiation laka inhriat hi PTC vei theihna tur risk factor hriat lar tak a ni. Chuvang chuan doctor-te chuan natna khirh lo zawk tan radiation an hmang tawh lo. Naupangte pawh hi imaging test, X-ray leh CT scan atanga radiation an tawk a, mahse a dose tlem zawk hle. Eng chen nge PTC vei theihna an tihpun tih erawh a chiang lo.

I chhungkuaa mi tu emaw chuan thyroid cancer a vei tawh a nih chuan, genetic counseling i la duh mai thei . Hei hian PTC vei theihna chance sang zawka dah thei genetic condition i neih leh neih loh hriat theih nan a pui ang. Chutianga i tih chuan i doctor chuan cancer a lo awm hmain i thyroid gland lakchhuah nan prophylactic surgery neih a rawt thei ang.

PTC hi eng prognosis nge ni?

A tlangpuiin, PTC prognosis a tha hle , a bik takin kum 40 hnuai lam i nih a, tumor a te a nih chuan. PTC hi hlawhtling taka enkawl theih a ni fo. Kawr chhunga lymph node-ah a darh tawh a nih pawhin thihna a thlen tam lo hle.

Dam lehna rate tihhniam thei thilte chu:

• Diagnosis a nih laiin kum 55 aia upa a nih .
• Tumor chu a lian chho zel a .
• Cancer hi taksa hmun hla tak takah a darh tawh a ni .
• `PTC` subtype hmuh tur awm lo, nasa tak nei (e.g. `tall cell variant`, `diffuse sclerosis variant`, `solid variant`).

`PTC` ah i dam khawchhuak thei ang em?

PTC vei damchhuahna rate hi a sang hle a ni . PTC vei puitling 90% aia tam chu enkawl an nih hnuah kum 10 atanga kum 20 tal an dam thei a ni.

Engtikah nge `PTC` chungchangah doctor ka hmuh ang?

PTC i vei tih hmuhchhuah a nih chuan i medical team te nen in inhmu fo a ngai ang a, i enkawlna kal zel dan enfiah a ngai ang. Tin, thla 6 atanga thla 12 danah kum nga tal long-term follow-up visit neih a ngai bawk ang a, chu chu a lo lang leh leh tawh loh enfiah a ni ang.

I thyroid gland chu lakchhuah a nih a,/ emaw, i enkawlnaah radioactive iodine treatment pek a nih chuan, i dam chhung zawng thyroid hormone pill i ei a ngai dawn a ni Doctor chuan i dam chhungin i thyroid hormone level chu a enfiah ang a, i damdawi ei tur chu i tan a dik em tih a enfiah ang.

Cancer vei nia hriat chu eng chi pawh ni se, thil mak tak a ni thei. Mahse, thu lawmawm tak chu PTC prognosis hi a tha hle fo thin. I medical team chuan i tana enkawlna tur ruahmanna tha ber tur chu an siampui ang che.

## Thil pawimawh hriat reng tur (Take-Home Message)

Okay, chuvangin, kan sawi tawh atang chuan hengte hi i hriat reng tur pawimawh ber berte chu an ni:

• Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) hi thyroid cancer chi khat a ni ber a, prognosis tha ber a nei bawk.
• A chhinchhiahna ber chu kawr natna nei lo lump a ni. Chutiang thil i hmuh chuan doctor hmu ngei ang.
• Surgery hi a enkawlna ber a ni. Radioactive iodine therapy pawh a ngai thei bawk.
• Thyroid gland chu a chhuak vek a nih chuan i dam chhung zawng thyroid hormone i ei a ngai dawn a ni .
• Hetiang dinhmun hi a hmaa hriatchhuah a nih chuan enkawlna a hlawhtling zawk thin. Chuvangin damdawi lam inenkawl fo leh thurawn zawm hi a pawimawh hle.
• Hlau suh. Nangmah chauh i ni lo. I tanpui tur doctor, chhungte leh thiante an awm a.

He thu hi in tan a tangkai ngei ka beisei. Zawhna i neih chuan doctor zawh hreh suh. Hrisel takin awm rawh!

` Thyroid cancer, papillary thyroid cancer, PTC, neck nodules, thyroid surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy te a awm bawk