Kum 13-18 inkarte nena tleirawl inbiakpawhna: He thu hi a thupui ber thleng ila

Tunah hian i in chhungah naupang lian tak i nei em, chu chu naupang kum 13 leh 18 inkar i nei em? Come on, chu kum chu hun danglam tak leh buaithlak deuh a ni. Khawthlang lamah chuan an fing hle a, thil thar an zir a, khawvel an hmu tan ta a ni. Kawng lehlamah chuan an rilruah thlipui lian tak an ni. An thiante hi an khawvel an ni. An hun tam zawk chu sikul-ah te, extracurricular activities-ah te, hna tenau takah te an hmang mai thei. Chuvangin, in lama an biak hun kan hman hi a tlem zawk mai thei. Mahse nu leh pa kan nih angin nitin tlem tal kan biak a, ngaihtuahna kan insem a, kan ngaihthlak a pawimawh hle. Chutiang a nih loh chuan, kan lakah zawi zawiin an inhnukdawk ang maiin an inhria mai thei a, khawvel hranpaah anmahni chauhva awm ang maiin an inhria mai thei . Chuvangin, vawiin hian he inzawmna nghet taka awm reng tur hian eng nge kan tih tur tih hi han sawi ila, okay?

I fa naupang tak nêna inlaichînna siam tûra inbiakna neih theihna tûr tips ṭhenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni.

Okay, chuti a nih chuan engtin nge naupang tê tak tê, ni tam zâwk in aṭanga hla taka awm leh mahni khawvêl siam tumtu nêna inzawmna ṭha tak, nghet tak kan neih theih ang? A tir lamah chuan harsa tak angin a lang thei a, mahse thil tenawm tak takte hian a takah chuan danglamna nasa tak a thlen thei a ni. Tips thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Ni tin, zanriah ei lai emaw, mut hma emaw pawh ni se, i fain ni khata a thusawi leh a thiltihte ngaihthlâk nân hun tlem tal dah rawh. A pawimawh ber chu i ngaithla tak tak ang tih hi a ni . Phone dah la, TV off la, i biak hunah a mitmeng en rawh. Chutiang chuan, ‘Hey, Mom/Dad hnena ka sawi hi a pawimawh tak zet a ni,’ tiin a hrethiam ang. I fa chu lecture i duh lo tih hre reng ang che, ‘Hei hi ti suh, chutiang chu ti suh,’ tih i hrilh fo angin, mahse , friendly takin biak i duh zawk a ni A thusawi chu zah rawh.

• ‘Ni’ emaw ‘ni lo’ emaw chauha chhan theih zawhna zawh hi a \angkai lo. Chutah chuan inbiakna chu a tawp ta a ni. Chu ai chuan, an ngaihtuahna leh hrilhfiah theihna tûr zawhnate zawt zâwk ang che. Entirnan, ‘Vawiin khan sikul a kal tha em?’ tih zawhna ai chuan, ‘ Vawiin sikul-a thil thleng danglam bik ber chu eng nge ni, fapa/fanu? ' emaw, 'Vawiin a thil thar i zir chhuah kha min hrilh la, kei pawhin ka hre duh.' Chutiang chuan an rilrua thil awm chu an sawi duh zawk.

• Car, bus, three-wheeler-a zin hi heng ang inbiakna atan hian hun tha tak a ni. Ngaihtuah teh, a chhan chu hmaichhanah in in en lo a, a chang chuan an rilrua thil sensitive ber ber pawh awlsam takin an sawi thin . Chutih hunah chuan ngaithlatu tha tak ni mai rawh. Rorel suh.

• An infiamna match, sikul event, concert, etc.-ah te tel tum la, game khelhpui la, movie en la, tunlai thil thleng sawihona hun leh an ngaihdan ngaihthlakna hun pawh zawng mai thei. Hei hian an nunah ‘host’ mai ni lovin, an hlimna leh lungngaihnaa an bula awm mi i nihzia a tilang ang.Chu chu an hre ve ngei ang. Chu rinna chu a lo awm tawh chuan an biak duh zawk ang che.

Engtin nge an inbiakna style hi an naupan lai atanga a inthlak? Chu chu kan hrethiam em?

Hetiang kum naupang takah hian, a tlangpuiin high school an kal lai vel hian naupangte thusawi dan leh thumal hman dan hi puitling aiin nasa takin a thang lian zawk a ni. An rilru puitlin chhoh zel chuan an tawng hman dan chu a buaithlak zual zel a. Thil abstract tak tak, chu chu kut hmanga khawih theih loh leh rilru hmanga hriatthiam theih chauh concept (e.g., hmangaihna, dikna, zalenna) te an sawi thei a, an hrethiam thei bawk . Hei hi figurative language-ah pawh a ni. A awlsam zawngin, thumal awmzia dik tak chauh ni lovin, a awmzia thuk zawk leh a awmzia thuk zawk pawh an hrethiam thei a ni.

Ngaihtuah teh, heng thilte hi nitin thusawiah kan hmang thin. Naupang tê tête chuan heng thilte hi an hrethiam a, an hmang ṭan bawk a ni:

• "Lu-a nail hit" tih ang chi idioms: "Lu-a nail hit" i tih hian a takah chuan hammer hmanga nail hit tihna a ni lo. "Thil dik tak a sawi/ti" tihna a ni. "On thin ice" i tih hian "din dinhmun hlauhawm takah awm" tihna a ni. Hetiang tawngkam hi an hrethiam a ni.
• Similes: Thil pakhat leh thil dang i tehkhin chuan, ‘Bawnghnute ang maia thianghlim’, ‘bawngpa ang chak’, ‘savawm ang maia fing’ te hi an ngaihdan chu an man thiam hle.
• Thuhmahruai: ‘Zan owl a ni’ tih hian zan lama muhil tihna a ni. ‘Chu hmun chu Zoo a ni’ tih awmzia chu hmun ri nasa tak, buaina hmun a ni. ‘Hun hi pawisa a ni’ tih awmzia chu hun hi a hlu hle tihna a ni. Hetiang thil hi an hrethiam a, direct-a ‘like’ ti lovin, pakhat chu pakhat zawk tia sawiin an hrethiam a ni.

Chuvangin, thil an sawifiah pawhin, direct-a literal-a sawi ai chuan metaphor, indirect deuh deuh deuh an hmang duh zawk. Hei hi an finna lama hmasawnna chhinchhiahna a ni . Thumal awmzia thuk zawk te, an hmanna hmun hrang hrang te, punctuation hman dan te pawh an hrethiam tur a ni a, complex syntactic structures , chu chu thumalte chu sentence sei tak, awmze nei tak siam tura an dahkhawm dan te hi an hrethiam tur a ni. Hengte hi an tawng hmasawnna chhinchhiahna a ni.

Mahse inbiakpawhna chu thumal hman leh hriatthiamna mai a ni lo a ni lawm ni? Thil dang tam takin a nghawng a ni. A bîk takin naupang tê tête mahni inngaihtuah dân te, an ṭhiante chungchâng te, leh zirtîrtu leh nu leh pate ang thuneihna neitute an thlîr dân te.

Hemi hun chhung hian an chhungte laka innghat lo , mahni mimal nih tumin nasa takin an bei tih hre reng ang che. Anmahni nihna (identity) a ni.In sak an tum a ni. ‘Tunge ka nih? Eng nge ka duh?' an rilruah a awm. Tin, abstract taka an ngaihtuah tan chuan khawvela nungchang lama thil awmte – entirnan, khawtlang nun dik lohna, dik leh dik lo, retheihna ang chi thilte chu an ngaihven ta a, anmahni ngaihdan an nei tan ta a ni. Heng zawng zawng hian an ngaihtuahna te, min biak dan te, leh an ngaihtuahna te a nghawng nghal vek a ni. Chuvangin, anmahniah hian he danglamna hi hriatthiam a, phalsak a pawimawh hle.

A châng chuan ṭanpuina a ngai mai thei: eng ang hun nge?

Kan fate dam se kan duh vek a. Mahse, a châng chuan, inbiakpawhna emaw, zirnaah emaw harsatna an nei thei a ni. Chutiang hunah chuan hlauthawng lova hmalak a pawimawh .

I fate zirtirtute nena an tawng thiamna leh sikul lama hmasawnna chungchang sawipui fo a pawimawh. Zirtirtuten an hun tam zawk chu i fa bulah an hmang thin. I fate chunga inthlâk danglamna tenau ber pawh an hmu thei a ni. A châng chuan zirtîrtute chuan i fa chu ṭawngkam hmanga zir theih lohna a nei niin an ringhlel thei a, chu chu ṭawng hriatthiam harsatna emaw, hman harsatna emaw avânga zirlai harsatna a ni. Chutiang rinhlelhna a lo awm chuan, harsatna chu eng nge ni tih chiang taka hriat theih nân leh naupang chu an mamawh ṭanpuina pêk nân test kimchang engemaw zat an neih a ngai ang.

Heng test-ah hian a tlangpuiin:

• Hearing test – a chhan chu a chang chuan hriatna lama harsatna avang hian tawng lama harsatna a awm thei bawk.
• Psychoeducational assessment: Hei hi hming hi a buaithlak deuh a, mahse a awlsam zawnga sawi chuan naupang pakhat zirlai style danglam tak leh an cognitive process-te hnathawh dan standardized testing hmanga tehna a ni. Hei hian naupang chakna leh chak lohnate hriatchhuahna kawngah a pui thei a ni.
• Speech-language evaluation: Hei hian naupang thusawi dan, thumal sawi dan, sentence siam dan leh tawng hriatthiam dan a test thin.

Entirnan, i fain inbiakpawhna lama harsatna bik a neih chuan stuttering , thumal inzawmkhawm emaw, letter/thumal pakhat vawi tam tak chhiar a nih chuan, sikulah Speech-Language Pathologist hnenah i refer tur a ni (school thenkhatah chuan pakhat an nei a, a nih loh leh pawnah i hmu thei bawk). Specialist a ni a, thusawi leh tawng lama harsatna awmte a zirchiang a, a tul anga enkawlna, exercise leh a dangte a pe thin. Heng thilte hi an hriat chian hma poh leh enkawl a awlsam zawk thin.

Tin, aw inthlak danglamna, entirnan , hoarseness , breathiness , emaw aw khauh tak, rough (raspiness) emaw a awm bawk.Vocal quality issue i neih chuan ‘i upa tawha thil thleng’ ti mai mai suh. Otolaryngologist emaw ENT specialist emaw hnenah medical examination neih a tha . Chumi chhan pawh a awm mai thei. Amaherawhchu, a tam zawkah chuan tawng leh tawng lama harsatna te hi kum naupan lai atanga hriatchhuah a ni a, chutiang kum upa lam a thlen hma chuan a tul anga enkawl tan a ni. Amaherawhchu, thil \henkhat chu nakinah a lo chhuak thei bawk a, chuvangin fimkhur a \ha.

Nu leh pate chuan he kum naupang tak hi an fate nena harsatna nasa tak leh inhnialna hun lai niin an ngai fo thin. Ṭhenkhat phei chuan nu leh pate ngaih dân dodâl a, chhûngkaw dân dodâl a, he hun chhûnga mahni ngaih dâna innghah tlat chu ‘thil pangngai’ah an ngai hial a ni. Zalenna an hmuh theihna tura an zinkawng a ni. Mahse, i fate nungchang hian chhungkaw remna leh nitin nunphung nasa takin a tibuai a nih chuan , emaw, in chhunga mi zawng zawng chungah nawrna an siam reng a nih chuan, tleirawl helna pangngai emaw, ‘naupang sualna’ emaw chauh a ni lo thei tih hre reng ang che. I fa leh i inzawmna hi a bik takin a bei nasa hle nia i hriat tak tak a nih chuan, nangmah chauhin hei hi i hmachhawn thei lo nia i hriat chuan, i chhungkaw doctor emaw, child psychologist/psychiatrist emaw hnenah he thu hi sawipui rawh. Ṭanpuina dil hi zahthlak a awm ngai lo, naupang i ngaihsak zia tilangtu a ni.

Chuti a nih chuan, heng zawng zawng a\ang hian thuchah pawimawh ber chu eng nge ni? (In lama hruai tur thuchah)

Chuvangin, hei hian nang leh kei leh keini zawng zawng hian heng naupang tête khawvel hi tlem tal kan hrethiam thei ang tih ka ngaihtuah a. In lama i fa kum 13 atanga kum 18 inkar nena in inbiakna leh inbiakpawhna chu thu inhrilh tawnna mai a ni lo. Kawng hnih kalna ang mai a ni tur a ni . I sawi tur a ni a, an sawi dun tir tur a ni. I ngaithla tur a ni a, anni pawhin an ngaithla tur che a ni. Chu balance chu a pawimawh hle.

Hêng thute hi i rilruah vawng rengin, nang pawhin i fa tê tê nêna in inzawmna chu i tichak thei ang:

• Dawhthei tak leh rilru zau tak pu chungin ngaithla rawh: Sawi tur leh sawi tur tam tak an nei mai thei. A then chu kan tan chuan thil thar a ni thei a, kan ngaihdan nen pawh a danglam thei bawk. Mahse, dawhthei tak leh rorelna tel lova kan ngaithla chuan an inhawng ang a, an inbia ang. ‘Ka nu/pa hian min hrethiam’ tih hriatna pe rawh.
• Inbiakna tichhuak turin zawhna inhawng tak zawt rawh: ‘Ni/ni lo’ tih chhanna piah lamah kal la, an ngaihtuahna, rilru put hmang, beiseina leh hlauhnate hriatthiam tum ang che. ‘Chumi chungchangah chuan engtin nge i ngaih?’ tih ang chi zawhna zawt rawh. leh 'Chutih lai chuan engtin nge i awm?'
• Hun hman dun hi rangkachak-ah chuan a rit zawng a tling a ni:Eng ang pawhin buai mah la, nitin hun tlem tal zawng la, kar khatah vawi khat pawh ni se, an hlimpui thil tih leh inbiakna hun hmang turin hun hmang rawh. Movie en te, zin rei vak lo kal te, a nih loh leh board game khelh ang chi thil awlsam tak a ni thei. Chu hun hman dun chu inzawmna siamtu a ni .
• Inthlâk danglamna chu ṭhanlenna chhinchhiahna a ni tih hrethiam rawh: An lo upat deuh deuh chuan an ngaihtuahna, an thusawi leh an duhzâwngte chu a inthlâk danglam ṭhin. Chu chu thil awmdan pangngai a ni. Chu inthlâk danglamna chu phal la, hriatthiam tum rawh. An naupan lai ang khan an awm reng beisei suh.
• Ṭanpuina i mamawh chuan, i hmuh chu a finthlâk hle ang: Dik taka i fain inbiakpawhna, zirna, a nih loh leh nungchang lama harsatna lian tak a nei nia i hriat chuan, chu chu ngaihtuah buai suh la, nangmah chauhin hrehawm tuar la, mahse zirtîrtu, doctor, a nih loh leh a kaihhnawih mi thiamte hnêna ṭanpuina dîl hreh ngai suh. Chutiang chuan i fa chuan ṭanpuina dik tak a hmu thuai ang .

A tawp berah chuan, i hmangaihna, i hriatthiamna, leh i thlawpna nghet tak chu i fain he tleirawl lai hun harsa tak, mahse mawi tak, pianphung siamtu hlawhtling tak leh hlim taka a kalpui theihna tura chakna leh malsawmna lian ber a ni! Pek theihnghilh ngai suh.

Naupang tê tê, inbiakpawhna, nu leh pa nihna, ṭawng ṭhanlenna, rilru hriselna, zirlai lama harsatna, tleirawl