I taksaah hian lumps danglam tak i tawk em? Hei hi PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome (PHTS) a ni thei!

I taksaah emaw, i chhûngkaw zînga mi emaw taksaah hian lump emaw, bump emaw mak tak tak i hmu ngai em? Ṭhenkhat chu ngaihtuahawm lo ang maiin a lang thei a, mahse a châng chuan damdawi lam dinhmun chhinchhiahna an ni thei bawk. Vawiin hian i ngaihtuah tur condition pakhat kan sawi dawn a ni.

PTEN Hematoma Tumor Syndrome (PHTS) hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome (PHTS) hi kan taksaa `PTEN` an tih gene inthlak danglam, a nih loh leh mutation avanga natna chi khat a ni. Tunah chuan `PTEN` gene hi eng nge ni tih i zawt mai thei. Kan taksaah hian cell thanna thununtu, vengtu ang maia che mi pakhat a awm ang tih han ngaihtuah teh. Chutiang chu he `PTEN` gene hi a ni. Hei hi `tumor suppressor gene` a ni . A tih chu `enzyme` a siam a, chu chuan kan cell te chu thunun theih loha an lo thang lian a, tumor an siam loh nan a titawp a ni.

Chuvangin, he `PTEN` gene-ah hian mutation, a nih loh leh defect a awm chuan cell thanna control hian hna a thawk tha lo. Tichuan cell te chu thunun theih lohvin an lo thang lian tan a, `hamartomas` an tih thil te chu a lo piang thei ta a ni. Hamartoma chu cancer ni lo (`benign`) , hlauhawm lo, tumor ang chi a lo thang lian a ni. PHTS i neih chuan heng chi hrang hrang hematomas leh cancer ni lo tumor dangte hi i vei theihna a sang hle. Tin, a chang chuan cancer (`malignant`) , tumor, cancer tihna a ni.

Eng syndrome chi nge PHTS category-a tel?

He PHTS category zau tak hian syndrome lian pahnih a huam a, chungte chu Cowden syndrome leh Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS) te an ni . Doctor-te chuan heng pahnih hi dinhmun hrang hrangah an ngai thin a, mahse tunah chuan an pahnih hian PTEN gene-a mutations nen an inzawm tawh a, chuvangin umbrella term khat, PHTS hnuaiah group-ah an dah a ni.

PHTS vei, Cowden syndrome emaw BRRS emaw pawh nise, hriselna atana hlauhawm a tawh dan hi a inang tlang hle. A châng chuan PHTS vei mi pakhat chuan an dam chhungin syndrome pahnih nena inzawm symptoms a nei thei bawk.

• Cowden syndrome: Hei hi puitlingah a tam ber. Heng mite hian benign leh malignant tumor an nei thei a ni. Heng tumor te hi hnute, nausen pum, thyroid gland, chaw kawng, vun, lei leh hmuiah te a awm tlangpui.
• Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS): Hei hian naupang tê tê a tuar tam ber. BRRS vei naupangte hian vun natna leh pianpui chhinchhiahna an nei thei. Hmasawnna lamah pawh tihkhawtlai an tawk thei bawk .

PHTS natna lan chhuah dante chu engte nge ni?

PHTS hian i taksa tissue hrang hrangah hematomas a siam thei a. I natna lan chhuah dan dik tak chu PHTS i neih chi hrang hrang a zirin a inang lo ang. A tlangpuiin PHTS i neih chuan a hnuaia symptoms pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw i nei thei a ni:

Skin spot leh boil a awm

• Vun atanga innghat ang maia lo thang te te (skin tags emaw acrochordons) .
• Ke kutphah leh kephah (palmoplantar keratoses )-ah hmun dum, flat tak a awm.
• Hmaiah hian hnah te te, a hring (trichilemmomas ) a awm thin.
• Vun rawng, vun rawng sang tak ( papillomas ).
• Fatty tumor ( lipomas ) vun hnuaia lo awm thin.
• Ka chhunga zung (gum) ang maia hring (oral fibromas ) khauh tak tak.
• Vun chunglama thisen kalna kawng ( hemangiomas leh birthmarks ) hmuh theiha lo thang lian.
• Mipa taksa peng hrang hrangah freckles (`freckling on your penis` ).

Cancer nei lo (`Benign`) tumor chi hrang hrang

• Thyroid nodules ( thyroid gland chhunga lumps awm).
• Thyroid gland a lian a, nodules engemaw zat a lo awm (multinodular goiters ).
• Nausen pum chhunga tumor awm ( uterine fibroids ).
• Fibroadenomas a awm a .
• Cystic soft tissue inthlak danglamna ( fibrocystic breasts ).
• Digestive tract chunglam leh large intestine-a lo piang te te (colon polyps ).

Thluak leh hmasawnna lama harsatna a awm

• Lu pangngai aia lian zawk neih (macrocephaly ).
• Lu sei tak ( dolichocephaly ) bik nei.
• Hmasawnna lama tlai lutuk .
• Autism spectrum natna (Autism spectrum disorder ) a awm a, a rilru a hah hle.

Eng thilin nge PHTS hi a thlen?

Kan sawi tawh ang khan PHTS thlentu ber chu `PTEN` gene-a mutation, a nih loh leh inthlak danglamna a ni. He `PTEN` gene hian `enzyme` a tichhuak a, chu chuan cell te chu inthen darh turin signal a pe a, chubakah cell pakhat a thih hun tur signal a pe bawk (`apoptosis`). Chu chuan cell thar, hrisel tak takte tan hmun a siam ta a ni.

PHTS ah chuan PTEN gene hian hna a thawk tha lo. Chumi avang chuan cell te chu an inthen darh chhunzawm thei a, thunun theih lohvin an thang lian thei bawk. A tawpah chuan heng cell te hi an lo thang dun thei a, tumor an siam thei a ni. Heng tumor te hi a tlangpuiin benign ni mahse, a chang chuan cancer a ni thei.

PHTS hi genetic condition a ni a, thlah kal zelah a kal zel a ni.Chumi awmzia chu naupangte hian he mutated gene hi an nu leh pate hnen atangin an rochun thei tihna a ni.

Engtin nge PHTS hi lineage atanga lo chhuak?

PHTS hi ``autosomal dominant`` pattern ah i inherit a ni . Chu chu eng nge a awmzia i hria em? Kan taksaah hian ``PTEN`` gene copy pahnih kan nei vek a. Kan nu hnen atangin pakhat, kan pa hnen atangin pakhat. PHTS chungchangah chuan ``PTEN`` gene copy hrisel pakhat leh ``mutated`` copy pakhat i inherit a ni. Copy hrisel pakhat nei mah la, mutated ``PTEN`` gene hian PHTS nena inzawm harsatna a thlen thin. Chumi awmzia chu nu leh pa zinga pakhat chauhvin mutated gene nei mahse an fain a rochun theihna chance 50% a awm tihna a ni.

A chang chuan, i nu leh pate hnen atangin mutated PTEN gene hi i rochun lo. Chu ai chuan, chu mutation chu i pian hmain a lo awm thei a, chu chu embryo emaw , nausen emaw angin a lo awm thei a ni .

Engtin pawhin he mutation hi i neih pawhin, i neih chuan i fa hian chu mutated gene copy chu a rochun theihna chance 50% a nei a ni.

PHTS nena inzawm cancer hlauhawmna chu eng nge ni?

Cowden syndrome i neih chuan mipui zawng zawng aiin cancer chi hrang hrang i vei theihna a sang zawk. Chuvangin, he hlauhawmna hi i enkawl theih nan i dam chhung zawngin cancer screening i nei tur a ni. Heng test te hian cancer a vei loh nan a veng thei lo nain, a hmaa hriatchhuah a nih chuan enkawl tan hma theih a ni a, a result pawh a tha zawk thei.

Cancer i vei theihna tur chi hrang hrangte chu:

• Hnute cancer a ni
• Thyroid cancer a ni
• Kidney cancer a ni
• Uterine cancer a ni
• Colorectal cancer a ni
• Melanoma, vun cancer a ni

BRRS nena inzawm cancer hlauhawmna chungchangah hian zirchianna dang neih mek a ni.

Engtin nge PHTS hi hmuhchhuah a nih?

I doctor chuan PTEN gene-a mutation an hmuh chuan PHTS i nei em tih a hre mai ang. He mutation hi i nei em tih hriat nan genetic testing i neih a ngai dawn a ni. Hei hi thisen test hmanga tih thin a ni tlangpui .

Cowden syndrome hriat theihna tur genetic testing guidelines a awm a (entir nan, National Comprehensive Cancer Network leh Cleveland Clinic atanga lak a ni). Heng kaihhruainate hi zirchianna thar atanga thlirin update reng a ni. International Cowden Consortium pawhin Cowden syndrome hriat theihna tur tehfung an siam bawk. I doctor chuan he test hi i mamawh leh mamawh loh chu i symptoms, chhungkaw history-a tumor i neih leh PTEN mutation i neih leh neih loh a zirin a rel ang.

BRRS hriat theihna tur standard guidelines awm lo mah se, i doctor chuan Cowden syndrome hriat theihna atana hman thin test ang chiah kha a rawt thei ang.

A pawimawh ber chu he mutation hi i nei tih finfiah a nih chuan i chhungkaw member dangte pawhin he test hi an neih a pawimawh hle.

PHTS hi a dam kim thei em?

Vanduaithlak takin tun dinhmunah PHTS hi damdawi a la awm lo. Mahse, scientist-te chuan PTEN mutation nei cancer tan eng damdawi nge tha ber tih an zirchiang chhunzawm zel a ni.

PHTS hi engtin nge enkawl leh enkawl a nih?

PHTS i neih chuan i hriselna enkawltu doctor team i nei thei bawk. I natna lan chhuah dan atanga i than dan pangngai lo thlengin i than chak loh thlengin an enkawl thei ang che. Tin, i cancer hlauhawmna chu an zirchiang ang a, cancer screening neih fo tur chu an rel bawk ang.

Enkawl dan tur

PTEN mutation hmanga tumor, cancer emaw cancer ni lo emaw enkawl dan tur kaihhruaina chiang tak awm lo mah se, enkawlna chu i symptoms-ah a innghat ang. Heng enkawlnate hi a hnuaia mi ang hian a ni thei:

• Surgery: Tissue pangngai lo lakchhuah. Operation hmain doctor chuan tissue sample a la thei a, cancer cell a awm leh awm loh a enfiah thei bawk ( biopsy ).
• Cryotherapy: Khawsik nasa tak hmanga tissue pangngai lo tihchhiat.
• Laser ablation: Tissue pangngai lo tihchhiat nan lumna sang tak hman a ni.
• Damdawi hmanga topical cream: Vun natna tichhe thei tura siam cream bik.

Cancer a awm leh awm loh test te

Cowden syndrome i neih chuan cancer ni lo leh cancer vei te pawh enfiah turin dam chhung zawng enkawl reng a ngai ang. Chumi awmzia chu harsatna eng emaw a lo awm chuan a hma thei ang bera man theih a ni tihna a ni a, a enkawl hun tha ber ah. BRRS vei enkawlna atana standard guidelines awm lo mah se, i doctor chuan Cowden syndrome test ang chi test neih a rawt thei ang.

Heng testing danah hian a hnuaia mi te hi a tel thei a, chungte chu tih fo thin a ni:

• Mammograms: X-ray dose tlem hmanga hnute tissue thlalak lakna test a ni.
• Breast MRI: Magnet lian tak leh radio wave hmanga hnute tissue thlalak lakna test a ni.
• Ultrasounds: Sound wave hmanga hnute tissue thlalak lakna test a ni.
• Colonoscopies: Camera dahna tube (scope) hmanga intestine lian chhung enfiahna test a ni. He tube hi polyp lakchhuah nan pawh hman theih a ni. Hei hian cancer an nih hmain thanlenna a titawp thei a ni.
• Endoscopy (`Endoscopies` tih te hi a awm a): 1.1.Test, camera dahna tube (scope) dahin chaw kawng, pum leh small intestine (duodenum) chunglam en a ni.

Test result a zirin biopsy lak a ngai mai thei a, chu chu tissue pangngai lo takah hian cancer cell a awm em tih finfiah a ngai mai thei.

PHTS hi ven theih a ni em?

PHTS ven dan tur a awm lo. Mahse, cancer screening neih fo hian cancer hi a hmaa hriat theih nan a pui thei a, chu chu enkawl theih ber a nih lai a ni. Chuvangin heng screening te hi doctor thupek angin neih a pawimawh hle.

PHTS vei hian eng ang hmalam hun nge a beisei theih ang?

I hmalam hun chu thil tam takah a innghat a, chutah chuan i natna lan chhuah dan leh hriselna zawng zawng pawh a tel. PHTS/Cowden syndrome i neih chuan cancer chi hrang hrang i vei theihna a sang hle. Chuvang chuan cancer screening hi a pawimawh em em a ni. Cancer man hmasak leh enkawl hi i dam leh theihna (prognosis) tihchangtlunna kawng tha ber a ni.

Engtikah nge Doctor ka hmuh ang?

Cancer screening vawi engzat nge i neih tur tih i doctor thupek zawm rawh. Cancer vei vaukhânna chhinchhiahna hriat a pawimawh bawk. I doctor hnenah eng symptom nge i hriat tur tih zawt rawh.

Nangmah emaw i fa emaw hian PHTS ang natna i nei tih hriat chu thil harsa tak a ni thei. Ngaihven reng ngai dinhmun a ni. Mi tam tak tan chuan lungngaihna a ni thei. Mahse, uluk taka screening hian cancer i vei chuan i dam chhung chhanchhuahna emaw, rei zawk emaw kawngah kawng thui tak a zawh thei a ni. PHTS i vei tih hmuhchhuah a nih chuan i hriselna atana hlauhawm tur te, i medical team-in i hriselna an enfiah dan tur te, leh i enkawlna ruahmannain hun rei tak chhunga i hriselna a tihchangtlun theih dan tur te chu hre chiang rawh.

Engtin nge PTEN gene hian cancer a thlen?

Kan sawi tawh ang khan PTEN gene-a mutation a awm chuan cell te chu thunun theih lohvin a thang lian thei a, tumor a siam thei a ni. PHTS hi cancer ni lo tumor, hematomas an tih nen inzawm tam ber ni mahse, he cell than dan thunun loh hian cancer natna a thlen thei bawk. Tumor chi hnih hi cell inthen darh chak vang a ni. Cancer ni lo tumor chu localized a nih laiin, cancer tumor chu taksa pum puiah a darh thei (metastasize) . An tih chuan cancer cell te hian tissue hrisel tak tak an tichhia a ni.

Thu tawite hriat reng tur

Okay, chuvangin kan sawi tawh PHTS chungchanga hriat reng tur pawimawh tak tak thenkhat chu han sawi nawn leh ila:

• PHTS hi `PTEN` an tih gene a mutation avanga lo awm a ni. He gene hian kan cell te thanlenna control turin a pui thin.
• Hetiang dinhmun hian taksa peng hrang hrangah cancer ni lo lumps (hematomas) leh thil dang lian tham tak tak a siam thei a ni.
• PHTS vei, a bik takin Cowden syndrome nei te chu cancer chi hrang hrang (hnute, thyroid, kal, nausen pum, leh colon cancer ang chi) vei theihna a sang hle.
• Hei hi rochun theih condition a ni . I neih chuan i fate hian rochun theihna chance 50% an nei a ni.
• Tunah hian PHTS hi a dam kim thei lo. Mahse, symptoms control theih a ni a, cancer hlauhawmna pawh a control theih bawk.
• Cancer screening neih fo hian nunna a chhanhim thei a, cancer hi a hmaa hmuhchhuah a nih chuan enkawl leh tihdam a nih a rinawm zawk avangin.
• Nangmah emaw, i chhungte zinga tu emaw hian heng symptoms hi i neih chuan doctor thurawn la ngei ang che. Genetic testing leh medical monitoring mumal tak neih a pawimawh hle.

Hlauthawng suh, mahse a pawimawh ber chu hriattirna hi a ni. Zawhna dang i neih chuan doctor nen inbiakna neih hreh suh.

` PTEN, Hematoma, Tumor, Syndrome, Gene Mutation, Cancer, Cowden Syndrome, BRRS te hi a awm a, hei hi a hlawhtling hle