Anal cancer i nei tih i hria em? Kan sawi dawn nia!

A châng chuan hnute vêlah i hrual reng em, a nih loh leh i ek chhuah hunah thisen tlem i nei em? Heng thilte hi tu nen pawh sawi dun hi a zahthlak tak zet a ni lawm ni? Mahse hengte hi thil awlsam, thil tenawm tak a ni ngai lo mai thei. Vawiin hian natna pakhat anal cancer tih hi han sawi ila. Hei hi kan hriat chian vek a ngai a ni.

Anal cancer chu eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin, anal cancer chu i hnute tissue-a lo awm, a nih loh leh i hnute kawng lining-a lo awm cancer a ni. I hria em, anal canal hi i hnute (bawlhhlawh chhuahna kawngkhar) leh i rectum (i chaw ei dan hnuai ber) inzawmkhawmtu tube a ni. A dik tak chuan i bawlhhlawh hian he tube hmang hian i taksa a chhuahsan thin. A tha ber chu he cancer hi hriatchhuah a, enkawl hmasak a nih chuan a dam kim thei tih hi a ni.

Rectal cancer chi hrang hrang a awm em?

Ni e, rectal cancer hi chi hnih lian tak a awm.

• Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Hei hi rectal cancer chi khat zingah chuan a tam ber a ni. Mahse, vun cancer nen a danglam a, vun chunglam layer-ah a lo awm thin.
• Adenocarcinoma: Hei hi chi dang a ni bawk.

Hei hi natna tlanglawn tak a ni em?

Ni lo, rectal cancer hi a takah chuan chutiang chuan a awm lo. Hei hi han ngaihtuah teh: American Cancer Society chhinchhiah dan chuan kum 2023-ah hian United States-ah mi 9,000 vel chauhvin he natna hi an vei dawn a ni.(Hei hian rectal cancer, anorectal cancer, leh anal cancer te pawh a huam tel a ni.) Mahse, an chhut dan chuan mi 153,000 vel chu colon cancer vei hmuhchhuah an ni ang. Chuvangin hei hi a hniam deuh tih i hmu thei.

Hei hi eng symptoms nge ni?

Rectal cancer symptoms hi a chang chuan thil pangngai ang maiin a lang thei. Entirnan, hnute chhunga natna awm reng. A lan chhuah dan dangte chu:

• Rectum atanga thisen chhuak , a bik takin bowel movement laiin.
• Thil pakhat, a hring emaw, a hring emaw ang maia hriat. (Hetiang lump hi anal opening bulah pawh hmuh theih a ni.)
• Na.
• Bowel habits inthlak danglamna. Chu chu, chaw ei tam dan inthlak danglamna, emaw, bawlhhlawh awm dan (thickness) emaw a inthlak danglam tihna a ni.
• Thunun theih loh khawpa rilru hahna.
• Ek chhuah a ngai tih hriat rengna (hei hi damdawi lam tawng chuan ``Tenesmus'' an ti).

A pawimawh ber chu heng symptoms pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw i neih vang mai mai hian rectal cancer i nei tihna a ni lo. Heng symptoms te hi chhan dang tam tak a awm thei bawk. Mahse, heng symptoms te hi ni rei lo te chhunga a reh loh emaw, a na zual emaw a nih chuan doctor pan a, thurawn lak a pawimawh hle.

Doctor nen symptom thenkhat, anal itching ang chi chungchang sawi dun chu tlem a zak emaw, mualpho emaw i neih hi thil pangngai a ni. Mahse, anal cancer thlentu hrang hrang a awm tih hre reng ang che. Chuvangin heng symptoms te hi neih hi zak tur a awm lo. I doctor-te chu i hriselna lama harsatna zawng zawng, heng anal cancer symptoms te pawh tiamin, tanpui turin an awm a ni.

Eng thilin nge hei hi a thlen? Risk factors te chu engte nge ni?

Anal cancer thlen chhan dik tak hi hriat a la ni lo. Mahse, natna nena inzawm risk factor thenkhat hmuhchhuah a ni. Entirnan, anal cancer tam zawk hi human papillomavirus (HPV) chi hrang hrang kai nen a inzawm a ni. Mahse, a pawimawh ber chu HPV vei zawng zawng hian anal cancer an nei vek dawn lo tih hi a ni.

HPV bakah hian anal cancer vei theihna tur thil dang engemaw zat a awm a:

• Immunosuppressant hman dan. Hengte hi i immune system-in cell hrisel a tihchhiat lohna tura titawptu damdawi an ni.
• HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) natna vei nei. HIV hian i immune system a nghawng avangin leh unprotected anal sex hian HIV a kai theih avangin anal cancer vei theihna a sang hle.
• Anal sex neih laiin receiving partner nih. Hei hi mi zawng zawng tan a awm vek a, mipa leh hmeichhia pawh thliar lovin. Eng ang mipat hmeichhiatna atana kawppui tam tak neih hian HPV vei theihna a tipung a, chuvangin anal cancer vei theihna a tipung bawk.
• HPV laka vaccine lak loh. HPV chi thenkhat hi anal cancer thlentu lian ber a ni.
• Kum 55 aia upa. Doctor-te chuan he kum lama mite hi rectal cancer an hmu tam zawk tlangpui.
• Meizial zuk. Meizial zu thinte hian cancer chi hrang hrang an vei tam zawk.
• Natna neih emaw, taksa hriselna tichak lo thei damdawi ei emaw. Entîr nân, taksa peng dang thlak tawhte chuan an taksa peng dang hnawl a nih loh nân damdawi an ei a ngai mai thei.
• Rectum atanga anus vel vun thlenga hawnna (`Anal Fistula`) awm lo.
• Cancer dang neih. Entirnan, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer emaw, serh cancer emaw.

Enkawlna pek loh chuan eng nge thleng? (Buaina awm thei) .

Enkawl that loh chuan rectal cancer hi a bul hnaia tissue-ah a darh thei (hei hi ``metastasize'' an ti). A tlem berah chuan i lung emaw, i thin emaw-ah pawh a darh thei bawk.

Engtin nge hei hi i diagnose?

Doctor chuan i natna lan chhuah dan te, eng chen nge a awm tawh tih te, i damdawi lam chanchin te, i taksa hriselna tichhe thei dinhmun te pawh a zawt ang che a, i mipat hmeichhiatna hman dan pawh a zawt thei bawk.

He natna hi hriat theih nan eng test nge tih thin?

I doctor chuan digital rectal examination a ti ang . Tichuan, cell an la ang a, pathologist hnenah microscope hmanga en turin an thawn ang. Anal Pap test emaw biopsy emaw an ti ang . (Hmeichhia tan pawh pelvic examination an nei thei bawk.) Chu bâkah, i doctor chuan endoscopic test leh imaging test a ti bawk ang .

Endoscopic hmanga test neih a ni

Doctor te chuan endoscopy hmangin i rectum leh anus chhung chu an en thin. Heng test te hi hmanraw bik hmanga tih a ni. Chungte chu tube te tak te, flexible tak tak, light, lens leh video camera nei te an ni. Hemi chhung hian tissue sample (`biopsies` an tih) lak a, pathologist-in a enfiah thei bawk. Endoscopy test-ah hian:

• Anoscopy: Doctor-te chuan i hnute leh i hnungzang hnuai lam en nan tube tawi, eng tak anoscope an tih chu an hmang thin.
• Flexible Sigmoidoscopy: I rectum leh anus ah cancer a lo thang lian leh polyp a awm leh awm loh a enfiah thin.
• Colonoscopy: I colon pum pui chu cancer a lo thang lian leh polyp a awm leh awm loh enfiah thin a ni.

Imaging Test te pawh a awm

Imaging test hian doctor-te chu cancer natna chi hrang hrang, a lian leh te leh a awmna dik tak te chu a hriat belh theih nan a pui thei a ni. Heng test-ah hian:

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) hmanga enfiah a ni.
• Transrectal Ultrasound hmanga tih a ni.
• Computed Tomography (CT) hmanga tihchhuah a ni.
• Positron Emission Tomography (PET) hmanga tihchhuah a ni.

Anal Cancer Staging tih a ni

Doctor-te chuan cancer staging system hmangin enkawlna an ruahman a, prognosis an pe a, chu chu enkawl hnua i beisei theih tur a ni. Anni hian tumor lian leh te, cancer chu lymph node-ah a awm leh awm loh, tumor chu a darh (metastasized) em tih te an ngaihtuah thin. Rectal cancer hi stage panga a awm a, chungte chu:

• Stage 0-naah chuan:

I rectum chhungril lining mucous membrane (`Mucosa`) ah hian cell pangngai lo tak tak a awm a. Heng cell pangngai lo te hi cancer an ni lo nain cancer an ni thei. Stage 0 rectal cancer hi ``High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion`` (``HSIL``) an ti bawk.

• Stage I-na chu:

Cancer cells te chu an inzawm khawm a, centimetre 2 aia tlem lo, peanut ang vela lian, lump an siam ta a ni.

• Stage II-na chu:

Stage II rectal cancer hi hmun hnih ah then a ni a:

• Stage IIA tih awmzia chu centimetre 2 aia lian mahse centimetre 5 aia te lo lump a awm tihna a ni.
• Stage IIB tih hian tumor chu centimetre 5 vel a ni tihna a ni – chu chu lemon ang vel a ni – mahse i hnute piah lamah a darh lo.

• Stage III-na chu:

Phase III hi hmun thumah then a ni a:

• Stage IIIA: Tumor hi centimetre 5 emaw a aia te emaw a ni a, i hnute emaw i hnungzang emaw-a lymph node-ah a darh tawh a ni.
• Stage IIIB: Rectal cancer hi i taksa peng hnai tak takah a darh a, chu chu i vagina, urethra, emaw bladder te hi a ni.
• Stage IIIC: Cancer hi a bul hnaia taksa peng hrang hrangah a awm a, i hnute emaw, i hnungzang emaw bula lymph node-ah a darh tawh a ni.

• Stage IV-naah chuan:

Cancer hi i hnute atanga hla tak lymph node-ah leh taksa peng hla tak tak, i lung emaw, i thin emaw-ah a awm a.

Rectal cancer hi engtin nge enkawl a nih?

Rectal cancer enkawlna hi cancer chi leh stage a zirin a innghat a, mahse:

Radiation hmanga enkawlna a ni

Doctor-te chuan rectal cancer hi external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) hmangin an enkawl a. EBRT hi chi hrang hrang a awm a:

• Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT): Hei hian tumor chu target turin radiation beam tam tak, chakna hrang hrang hmangin a target thin.
• Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT): Hei hian a bul hnaia tissue hrisel tichhe lovin tumor te te a target thin.
• Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D-CRT): Hei hian tumor chu dimension thum-a thlalak a siam a.
• Brachytherapy: Hei hi internal radiation therapy a ni.

Chemotherapy hmanga enkawl a ni

Doctor-te chuan rectal cancer enkawlna bulpui atan chemotherapy leh radiation therapy an hmang dun fo thin. He combined treatment hian rectal cancer a ti bo thei fo a, chuvangin operation i mamawh lo.

Mahse, operation i mamawh chuan operation hmain tumor tihtlem nan chemotherapy (`Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy`), emaw, operation hnuah cancer cell la awm zawng zawng tihchhiat nan chemotherapy pek i ni thei bawk (`Adjuvant Chemotherapy`).

Inzai

Rectal cancer lo awm leh tawh emaw, radiation therapy leh/ emaw chemotherapy hmanga chhanna nei lo emaw enkawl rawh.Minimally invasive surgery laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection an tih chu hman a ni. Hei hian i hnute, i hnungzang leh i colon thenkhat lakchhuah a huam a ni.

He surgery hi i neih chuan i surgeon pawhin permanent colostomy a siam bawk ang . Hei hian i stool chu i taksaa inbun bag emaw pouch emaw a paltlang dawn tihna a ni. Hei hi harsa deuh angin lang mah se, nangmah chauh i ni lo. I medical team chuan i hman thiam theih nan an pui ang che.

Immunotherapy hmanga enkawl a ni

Rectal cancer zual tak i neih chuan i doctor chuan i symptoms te enkawl nan immunotherapy a rawt thei ang. He enkawlna hian i taksain cancer a do theih nan a pui a ni.

Enkawlna hian eng side effect nge a neih?

Cancer enkawlna tam tak hian side effect a thlen thei a ni. Entirnan, chemotherapy leh radiation therapy hmanga side effects awm thei chu vun natna, anal area-a na, hahna, chemotherapy avanga thluak fog, luak chhuak, leh luak chhuak te a ni thei.

Enkawlna avanga harsatna awmte chu engte nge ni?

Doctor ten rectal cancer hi operation hmangin an enkawl thei a ni. Surgery avanga harsatna awm thei te chu:

• Anesthesia hmanga thil tih dan (reaction) a ni.
• Thisen chhuah tam lutuk.
• An infection a ni.

Rectal cancer vei damchhuah zat hi engzat nge ni?

Rectal cancer vei damchhuahna rate hi an hmuhchhuah atanga kum nga chhunga dam chhuak zat atanga chhut a ni. He rate hi natna a darh hmaa hmuhchhuah leh enkawl a nih leh nih loh a zirin a danglam thin. A pum puiin National Cancer Institute chhinchhiah dan chuan rectal cancer vei zinga 70% chu an hmuhchhuah atanga kum nga hnuah an dam tawh a ni.

Mahse, heng recovery trends te hi hriselna lama harsatna hrang hrang nei mipui tam tak thil tawn atanga lo chhuak a ni tih hriat reng a pawimawh. An tan chuan thil dik tak chu i tan chuan a dik lo mai thei. Zawhna i neih chuan doctor hnenah i beisei theih dan tur hrilh rawh.

Engtin nge hei hi i ven theih ang? (Invenna) 1.1.

Rectal cancer laka invenna tur kawng chiang tak a awm lo. Mahse, hengte hi i tih hian i vei theihna tur i tihtlem thei a ni:

• Meizial zu suh. Meizial i zu a nih chuan, i bânsan theih dân kawng zawng rawh. I doctor pawhin a pui thei che a ni.
• Sex him tak hmang rawh. Anal sex i hman chuan condom hman ngei ngei tur a ni.
• I tling a nih chuan Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine la rawh. He vaccine hian anal cancer chauh ni lovin, hmui leh kawr cancer, cervical cancer, leh penile cancer te pawh a veng thei a ni.

Engtikah nge Doctor i hmuh ang?

Rectal cancer enkawl i nih chuan ni ruat saah doctor appointment-ah kal la, a hrilh angin i biak tur a ni. Entirnan, i doctor chuan natna emaw, khawsik emaw i neih chuan phone turin a hrilh thei che a ni.

A châng chuan, rectal cancer enkawlnaah hian i chaw ei kawng ṭhenkhat chu la chhuakin, permanent colostomy (surgery chi khat) siamin, bawlhhlawh a kal theih nan i siam ṭhin. Permanent colostomy hmanga nun chu a harsa thei hle. Mahse, nangmah chauh i ni lo. I medical team chuan i rilru natna enkawl dan tur leh rectal cancer surgery hnua nun famkim, pangngai taka nun dan thiam turin an pui thei che a ni.

Doctor hnenah eng zawhna nge ka zawh ang?

Rectal cancer i neih chuan i doctor hnenah heng zawhnate hi i zawt mai thei:

• Eng ang rectal cancer nge ka neih?
• Ka cancer hi eng stage nge ni?
• Eng enkawlna kawng nge ka neih?
• Surgery ka mamawh a nih chuan eng surgery nge i rawt ang?

Anal cancer leh anal dysplasia hi eng nge an danglamna?

A danglamna chu, anal dysplasia hi cancer a ni lo a, mahse anal cancer a thlen thei a ni. Anal dysplasia-ah chuan i hnute chhunga cell awmte chu a pangngai lo ta a ni. Hun a kal zel a, heng cell pangngai lo te hi an pung tan thei a, cancer natna hrik an siam thei bawk.

Engtin nge rectal cancer hi rectal cancer leh colon cancer nen a danglam?

I hnute, i hnungzang leh i ril (colon) te hi i chaw ei leh in (digestive system) a tel vek a ni. Mahse, a hmun tina tissue siamtu cell te hi an danglam hle. Chu chu doctor-te chuan heng cancer te hi kawng hrang hrangin an enkawl tihna a ni.

A tawp berah chuan thil hriat reng tur (Take-Home Message) .

Anal cancer hi i hnute – i taksa peng pakhat, i ril i tihchhiat hnua i phihfai thin cancer a ni. A lan chhuah dan tlangpui chu hnute atanga thisen chhuak emaw, a hring emaw a ni. Chûngte chuan heng thilte chungchângah hian i doctor-te biak pawh i hreh thei a ni. Mahse, anal cancer hi a hmaa hriatchhuah leh enkawl a nih chuan, a darh hmaa enkawl theih a ni zawk. Anal itching ang chi symptom i neih chuan a awm reng a, a reh lo a nih chuan doctor nen inbiakna neihpui ngei ang che. I tanpui turin an lo kal a ni. Hlauh leh mualpho a ngai lo. I hriselna hi a pawimawh ber a ni.

` Anal Cancer, Anal Cancer, Cancer Symptoms, HPV, Anal Health, Cancer Enkawlna, Cancer laka invenna