I taksa chhunga ‘vessel’ thenkhat chu a block em? (Stenosis) leh (Stricture) chungchang hi a awlsam zawngin i zir ang u!

Stairs i chhoh hian thawk harsa i ti fo thin em? A nih loh leh rei vak lo i din hnuah i ke hnuaiah natna mak tak i nei em? A nih loh leh chaw i ei hian i rilru a buai ang maiin i inhria em? A chang chuan heng thilte hi taksa chhunga kawng pawimawh, channel emaw ‘tube’ emaw a zim vang a ni thei. Vawiin hian heng ‘narrowings’ te hi kan sawi dawn a, chu chu doctor-te’n he natna hi (Stenosis) leh (Stricture) an tih chu a ni. Lungngai suh, hei hi awlsam takin i hrethiam ang u.

(Stenosis) leh (Stricture) te hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin, (Stenosis) leh (Stricture) tih thumal pahnih hian i taksaa channel, passage, a nih loh leh khur te tak te pawh a tawi emaw, a block emaw a kawk a ni. Tui pipe-ah bawlhhlawh chi khat a tlakbuak chuan tui chu a luang chhuak harsa ang tih han ngaihtuah teh, a dik em? Hei hi chutiang thil chu a ni. Chumi avang chuan chu kawng kaltlanga kal ngai thil (entir nan, thisen, ei leh in, thawk, zun, etc.) chu a luang tha thei lo.

Vawi tam tak chu heng thumal pahnih hi inthlengin hman a ni. Chu chu, hengte hi thil thleng tur tak tak, i tichhe thei tur process an ni tihna a ni. Heng dinhmunte hian enkawl a ngai a , a bik takin symptoms i neih chuan. Chuvangin i hriselna chungchanga thutlukna i siam dawnin hei hi i hriat a pawimawh hle.

(Stenosis) leh (Stricture) - A danglamna a awm em?

Dik tak chuan, thumal pahnih awmzia bulpui ber chu "narrowing" tih ni mah se, doctor-te chuan taksa peng hrang hrang atan heng thumalte hi a danglamin an hmang \hin.

Stenosis tih thumal hi hman tlanglawn tak a ni:

• Thisen kalna kawng (arteries) a tawi. Entirnan, i kawr chhunga carotid arteries (i thluaka thisen phurtu arteries) emaw, i kal chhunga thisen phurtu renal arteries te.
• Heart valve te a narrowing. Entirnan, aortic valve emaw mitral valve emaw.
• Narrowing of some parts of the respiratory system , entirnan i thlipui (trachea) emaw i aw box (larynx) emaw.

A châng chuan he stenosis hi a tlem hle thei a, a lan chhuahna a awm lo. Mahse a tê tê pawh hi hun kal zelah a lian thei a, natna lan chhuahna a thlen thei a, dinhmun hlauhawm tak a thlen thei bawk. Entirnan, i thluaka thisen phurtu thisen kalna kawng a zim hle a nih chuan ``Stroke`` i nei thei.

Stricture tih thumal hi narrowing sawina atan hman a ni ber a, chungte chu:

• Digestive system chhunga hmun thenkhat . Entirnan, i chaw kawng, i intestine emaw, bile duct emaw.
• Urinary system hmun thenkhat . Entirnan, urethra emaw bladder neck emaw.
• Reproductive system chhunga hmun thenkhat . Entirnan, vagina (`(Vagina)`) emaw, serh (`(Cervix)`) emaw.

Khawiah nge heng narrowings te hi a awm theih ang? (Stenoses leh Strictures chi hrang hrang) .

Heng narrowing chi hrang hrangte hi i taksa hmun tam takah a awm thei a ni. Hei hian a nghawng lian ber ber tlemte han thlir ila.

Heart valve leh thisen kalna kawng (circulatory system) te .

I thinlung chhunga valve awmte chu "kawngkhar" ang mai a ni. Heng kawngkharte hi i thinlung pindan chhungah thisen a kal theih nan a inhawng a, a khar bawk. Thisen kalna kawngte hi "pipe" ang mai a ni a, chu chuan oxygen tamna thisen chu i taksa pum puiah a phur a ni. Chûngte chu a zim a nih chuan harsatna lian tak tak a thleng thei a ni.

Entirna thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Aortic valve stenosis: Hei hi thinlung atanga taksa thlenga thisen phurtu main valve a narrowing a ni. Hei hian thinlung a tichhe thei a ni.
• Carotid artery stenosis: Hei hi i kawr chhunga thisen kalna kawng (main artery) a zim vang a ni a, chu chuan i thluaka thisen a phur a ni. Mi tam zawk chuan transient ischemic attack (TIA) emaw, major stroke emaw hnuah symptoms an nei thin. Ṭhian pakhatin a thusawi a hloh nghâl a, a taksa pengte a thunun thei tawh lo tih han mitthla teh. Hei hi a ni thei.
• (Coronary artery disease): He natna hmingah hian (Stenosis) tih awm lo mah se, a takah chuan chutiang chu a ni. Thinlung (`(Coronary arteries)`)-a thisen petu thisen kalna kawngte chu thil thau (`(Plaque)`)-in a zim a. An zim lutuk chuan `(Heart attack)` a awm thei.
• Mitral valve stenosis: Thinlung veilam chamber chunglam atanga veilam hnuai lam chamber-a thisen phurtu valve a tawi.
• Pulmonary artery stenosis: Hei hi nausen naupang leh naupang te zingah a awm thin a ni. Thinlung atanga lung thlenga thisen phurtu thisen kalna kawng pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw chu a zim a.
• Renal artery stenosis: Kal-a thisen petu thisen kalna kawng (arteries) a tawi. A tir lamah chuan symptoms awm lo mah se, a natna a zual zel chuan kidney function a tlahniam thei a ni.
• Subclavian artery stenosis: I kut atanga thisen pe thin artery a tawi. Kut veilam a nghawng tlangpui avangin kut veilam ah hian symptoms (tingling, numbness ang chi) a awm thin.

Spine a ni

I ruhro hi i taksa peng pakhat, chakna petu leh che thei tura puitu che a ni. Ruh te tak te (Vertebrae) 33 atanga siam niin, a chungah a inzawm khawm a ni. Heng ruhte hi line-a an awm chuan an chhungah hian canal te tak te a awm a. Hei hi Spinal Canal an ti a. I ruhro (spinal cord) hi he canal hmang hian a kal a.

Lawng chu canal-ah a kal ang bawkin, spinal cord pawh hi he `(Spinal canal)-ah hian a kal ve bawk.` Lawng kal tlang tur chuan canal zau a ngai ang bawkin, spinal cord pawh hian he canal chhungah hian hmun a neih a ngai bawk.

He `(Spinal canal)` hi khawi hmunah pawh a zim chuan ruh chhunga nerve te a press thei a, natna leh rilru hahna ang chi symptoms a thlen thei a ni. Hei hi doctor-te’n `(Spinal stenosis) an tih chu a ni.` Ruh chhung khawi hmunah pawh awm thei mahse, i hnungzang hnuai lam (`(Lumbar spine)`) leh i kawng (`(Cervical spine)`) a nghawng tam ber.

Foraminal stenosis hi ruh natna chi dang a ni bawk. Hei hi nerve-te’n spinal cord atanga an chhuahna kawngkhar (holes) te chu a zim na hmun a ni.

Thluak lam hawi

I thawkna kawngte chu i taksain thawk chhuah leh chhuahna atana a hmanna kawng a ni. An inhawng reng hi i thawk theih nan a pawimawh hle.

Tracheal stenosis hi i thlipui (trachea) bulpui (trachea) tih tawi a ni. Hei hi thlipui (windpipe) chhunga scar tissue lo awm vang a ni. Intubation avanga side effect a ni thei fo.

Subglottic stenosis hi larynx hnuai lam a tawi a ni. Tracheal stenosis angin a awm lo. A chang chuan intubation emaw infection emaw avanga lo awm thei a ni a, mahse a tam zawkah chuan a chhan hmuh tur a awm lo.

Chaw ei dan (digestive system) a ni

Digestive system chu i ei tur i digest a, a atanga nutrients i lakluhna a ni. Bawlhhlawh (feces) i siam chhuah leh i paih chhuahna hmun a ni bawk.

He system-a hmun hrang hrangah hian narrowing a awm thei a:

• Esophageal stricture: Chaw ei kawng a tawi. Vawi tam tak chu persistent acid reflux hi a chhan ber a ni.
• Intestinal stricture: Intestine te (`(Small intestine)`) emaw, intestine lian (`(Colon)`) emaw hmun thenkhat a tawi. Hei hi `(Small bowel stricture)` emaw `(Colonic stricture)` emaw an ti bawk. Hetiang hlauhawmna hi `(Crohn’s disease)` ang chi natna nei te tan chuan a sang zawk a, hei hi intestine inflammation awm reng vang a ni. Hei hian `(Bowel obstruction)` a thlen thei.
• Anal stenosis: Anal canal a tawi. Hei hi anal surgery (anoplasty ang chi) hnua scar tissue vang a ni fo thin.
• Biliary stricture: Liver atanga small intestine thlenga bile (chaw ei tura puitu tui) phurtu bile ducts te a tawi emaw, a block emaw a ni. Pancreatic cancer leh bile duct cancer te hi a chhan ber a ni.

Urinary leh reproductive system hrang hrang

A châng chuan i zun kawng emaw, i reproductive system emaw hmun ṭhenkhat chu a tawi thei bawk. Hei hi enkawlna thenkhat, surgery emaw, hliam emaw, natna hrik emaw avanga side effect a ni thei. Heng dinhmunte hi mipa leh hmeichhiaah a inang lo thei.

Entirna thenkhat:

• Bladder neck contracture: zun atanga zun chhuahna (`(Bladder)`) zun kawng (`(Urethra)`)-a luhna kawng tawi. Hei hi mipaah ​​prostate surgery (`(Prostate surgery)`) hnuah a thleng thei.
• Urethral stricture: Urethra a tawi. Hei hian mipa a nghawng nasa ber bawk. Posterior urethral stenosis chu zun kawng chunglam a zim a ni.
• Vaginal stenosis: Vaginal canal a tawi. Hei hi hmeichhiaah chuan radiation therapy hmanga pelvic area-a side effect angin a thleng thei a ni.

Heng narrowings te hi eng symptoms nge ni?

Chuti a nih chuan, heng hmuna narrowing symptoms te hi engte nge ni? Dik tak chuan, a niTaksa chhunga khawiah nge narrowing awmnaah a innghat vek. A châng chuan chhinchhiahna a awm lo thei bawk. Mahse a lan chhuah dan tlangpui thenkhat chu hmuh theih a awm. Entir nan:

• Heart valve a zim chuan: thawk harsa, rilru na, muhil.
• Spinal canal a tawi chuan: hnungzang leh ke na, rilru hah, kal harsa.
• Thli kawng a zim chuan: Thâwk hah, thawk hah.
• Esophagus a tawi chuan: ei tur ei harsa, ei tur a tlakbuak.
• Urethra a zim chuan: zun harsa, zun chhuahna chak lo.

Engvangin nge heng narrowings te hi a lo awm? A chhan engte nge ni?

Chutiang dinhmun lo awm chhan hi eng emaw zat a awm thei.

• Thisen kalna kawnga plaque awm (thau leh cholesterol awm zat avanga thisen kalna kawngkhar block).
• Damdawi leh surgery thenkhat side effect angin .
• Kaichhawng.
• Hliam (`Hliam` emaw `trauma` emaw).
• Natna dang, a bik takin chronic inflammation thlentu (e.g. Crohn’s disease).
• Kan tar chhoh zel chuan taksa inthlak danglamna nen .
• A châng chuan chhan i hmu thei lo mai thei.

Engtin nge doctor hian hei hi a hriat chian?

Symptoms i neih chuan doctor chuan heng narrowings te hi a zawng ang. Hei hi a tlangpuiin a hnuaia mi ang hian tih a ni:

• An enfiah ang che a , i symptoms te uluk takin an zawt ang che .
• Thisen leh/ emaw zun test te an ti thin.
• Taksa chhung lam enfiah nan special imaging test an nei thin . Chung zingah chuan ultrasound scan, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), emaw CT scan (Computed Tomography scan) te pawh a tel thei.
• A châng chuan, endoscopy an ti a, chutah chuan camera hmanga thuam tube (scope) te tak te chu taksaah an dah a ni . Hei hian taksa chhung lam direct-a hmuh theihna a siam a ni.

Symptoms i neih loh chuan chhan dang avanga test neih laiin incidental finding anga hmuhchhuah a ni thei.

Hei hi eng enkawlna nge ni? (Tihdamna)

Thu lawmawm tak chu heng narrowing te hi enkawlna a awm tih hi a ni. I dinhmun azirin enkawlna kawng hrang hrang a awm thei. I doctor chuan i tana enkawlna tha ber tur a sawipui ang che. A tlangpuiin enkawlna hrang hrangah hian:

• Damdawi ei tur.
• Injection (``(Steroid injection)`` ang chi).
• Taksa lam enkawlna.
• Thil tih dan bik leh surgery te.

Surgery leh special procedure-ah hian hetiang thil hi a awm tlangpui a:

• Balloon ang chi thil hmanga hmun zau zawk tihzauh.(Entirnan, Angioplasty, thisen kalna kawng a inkharkhip laia tih thin a ni).
• Mesh ang chi thil te tak te, stent an tih chu blockage a lo awm leh tawh loh nan an dah a ni. Hei hi blocked tube chhungah tube te tak te dang dah ang mai a ni.
• Blocked `(Plaque)` (oil ang chi thil) (`(Endarterectomy)`) lakchhuah.
• Scar tissue lakchhuah.
• Thil chhia siam thar emaw, thlak emaw.

A tam zawkah chuan heng surgery te hi ``minimally invasive methods'' hmanga tih thin a ni. Chu chu, incision tenau hmanga tih a ni a, incision lian tak tak awm lovin. Hemi chungchang hi i medical team te chuan an hrilh belh ang che.

Enkawlna hnuah eng nge i beisei theih ang?

Hengte hi hriat reng a pawimawh:

• Enkawlna atan hian hun engemaw chen a la ngai thei. Doctor vawi tam tak i hmuh a ngai mai thei. Entirnan, esophageal strictures atan dilation hi kar khatah vawi tam tak tih theih a ni.
• Hetiang dinhmun hi enkawl hnuah a lo lang leh thei a ni. Entirnan, vawi khata thisen kalna kawng zau tak chu a zim leh thei (`(Restenosis)`). Chutiang a nih chuan enkawl nawn leh a ngai dawn a ni.
• Follow-up neih a pawimawh hle. Doctor chuan i dinhmun a enfiah ang a, enkawl hnua i dam leh dan a enfiah ang a, harsatna thar i neih leh neih loh a enfiah ang.
• I ni tin nunphungah inthlâk danglamna engemaw zat i siam a ngai mai thei. I doctor chuan i ei leh in leh i thiltih dan chungchangah thurawn a pe thei che a ni. A chang chuan chawlh hahdam deuh turin an ti mai thei che a, a chang chuan tlem tal che leh turin an ti mai thei bawk.

Engtikah nge doctor i hmuh ngei ang?

I doctor-in appointment a pek che kha kal ngei ngei tur a ni. I hriat chian loh thil a awm em tih zawt rawh. A hnuaia thilte hi a lo thlen chuan doctor ko nghal rawh:

• Symptom thar a lo lang a nih chuan, a nih loh leh awmsa a pung chuan.
• Enkawlna hian beisei angin hahdamna a thlen lo niin a lang a nih chuan.
• Operation hnua khawsik emaw, incision site inthlak (color change, pus discharge, swelling) ang chi complication a awm chuan.

Doctor-in stenosis a tih pawhin thawmhnaw tlemte i chawi a, stairs i chhoh chuan i thawk hah ang maiin i inhria thei. A nih loh leh, rei vak lo ding hnua i ke hnuai lam pan thei natna i nei thei bawk. Hetianga i taksa chhunga thisen kalna kawng (arteries) te hi zawi zawiin leh ngawi rengin a thleng thei a, ni khat chu heng symptoms te hi thil tibuaitu tenau mai ni lovin a tam zawk tih i hriat hma loh chuan.

Symptom danglam tak tak i neih emaw, thil dik lo nia i hriat emaw chuan damdawi lam thurawn lak a pawimawh hle.

I doctor chuan a bia ang che, a tul chuan test a kalpui ang che, i mamawh enkawlna i hmuh theih nan a pui ang che. Chumi hnuah chauh chuan i dam thuai thei ang.

Hriat reng tur pawimawh ber berte (Take-Home Message) .

Chuvangin, ka sawi tur hnuhnung ber chu, "stenosis" emaw "stricture" emaw tih thumal i hriat hian hlau suh. Chûng zawng zawng chuan i taksaa kalna kawng (pasageway) a zim tihna a ni.

• Heng natnate hi enkawl leh tihdam theih a ni fo.
• Symptoms i neih chuan ngaihthah suh. Thil tenawm tak anga lang pawh ni se, buaina lian zawk bul tanna an ni thei.
• Doctor thupek chu uluk takin zawm rawh. Doctor-in a tih ang che i tih chuan i dam thuai ang a, nun pangngaiin i hmang thei tawh ang.
• I taksa kha enkawl tha rawh. Hrilhfiahna i hmuh apiang ngaihven rawh.

Hemi chungchanga zawhna dang i neih chuan i doctor zawt hreh suh. Amah hi a puih theihna tur mi tha ber a ni.

` Stenosis, stricture, narrowing, blockage, thisen kalna kawng, thinlung valve, ruhro, thawkna kawng, ei tur kawng, (Stenosis), (Stricture), (Aortic stenosis), (Carotid artery stenosis), (Spinal stenosis), (Angioplasty), (Stent)