Kia ako tātou mō te FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) i roto i ngā kupu māmā noa iho. He aha tāna pānga ki tō tinana?

Kua rongo kē koe i te Follicle-Stimulating Hormone , te FSH rānei hei whakarāpopototanga? Tērā pea he ahua pūtaiao te ingoa. Heoi, he homoni tino nui tēnei mō te whanaketanga ā-ira tangata o tō tātou tinana me te āheinga ki te whānau tamariki. He rite ki te karere iti i roto i tō tātou tinana. Me kōrero taipitopito anō tātou mō tēnei mea, e tika ana?

He aha te FSH?

Āe, kia titiro tātou he aha rawa te FSH . Ko te FSH, arā, ko te Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, he matū motuhake e hangaia ana e tētahi repe iti kei te pūtake o tō roro, e kiia nei ko te pituitary gland , ā, ka tukuna ki roto i te tinana. He homoni tēnei. He rite ngā homoni ki ngā karere i roto i ō tātou tinana. Ka haere rātou i roto i te toto, ka kōrero ki ō tātou whekau, uaua, me ētahi atu kiko he aha te mea hei mahi me te wā hei mahi.

Ina rongo koe i te kupu 'follicle-stimulating', tera pea ētahi e whakaaro he mea tēnei e pā ana ki te makawe. Nā te mea ka whakamahia hoki te kupu follicle ki te makawe. Engari ko te mea pono, kāore tēnei homoni FSH e pā tika ki ngā follicle makawe, ki te tipu rānei o te makawe. Ka pāngia te tipu o te makawe e tētahi rōpū homoni motuhake e kiia nei ko ngā androgens . Ko te ingoa o te FSH i ahu mai i ngā pēke iti i roto i ngā ovaries o ngā kōtiro, arā, ko ngā pēke kī tonu i te wai kei roto ngā pūtau hua manu, e kiia nei e tātou ko ngā ovarian follicles , nā te mea ka pā tēnei homoni ki a rātou. Ki te kī noa, he homoni nui te FSH e ahu mai ana i te repe pituitary e āwhina ana i tō tātou whanaketanga ā-ira tangata me te whānau tamariki. Ka pā ki ngā ovaries i roto i ngā kōtiro me ngā testicles i roto i ngā tama.

He aha te mea ka tupu ki te FSH?

He maha ngā mahi nui a tēnei homoni whakamiharo e kiia nei ko te FSH i roto i ō tātou tinana i ngā tau rerekē, ā, i ngā huarahi rerekē hoki. Me titiro tātou ki ia o aua mahi takitahi.

Te pānga o te FSH ki te pēpi i roto i te kōpū

I mōhio koe ka tīmata te mahi a tēnei homoni FSH i mua i te whānautanga mai o te pēpi? Ina whānau te pēpi i roto i te kōpū o te whaea, i te rua me te toru o ngā toru marama o te hapūtanga (arā, mai i te 13 wiki ki te 26 wiki, mai i te 27 wiki ki te mutunga o te hapūtanga), ka tukuna e te repe pituitary o te pēpi te FSH me tētahi atu homoni nui , te Luteinizing Hormone (LH) . Ka piki ake ēnei taumata homoni i waenganui o te hapūtanga. Koinei te wā e pakeke ai te follicle ovarian tuatahi o te pēpi (mēnā he kōtiro) me ngā ngongo whakaputa parāoa ( ngā ngongo seminiferous - mēnā he tama). Whakaarohia, ka tīmata te mahi a ēnei homoni i roto i ō tātou tinana mai i te tamarikitanga.

Te mahi a te FSH i te wā o te pakeketanga

I te wā tamarikitanga, he iti noa iho ngā taumata FSH. Engari i te whakatata atu o te tamaiti ki te pakeketanga (i waenga i te 10 me te 14 tau te pakeke), ka whakaputahia e tētahi wāhanga o te roro e kiia nei ko te hypothalamus tētahi homoni e kiia nei ko te homoni tuku-gonadotropin (GnRH) . Ka whakaohokia e te GnRH te whakaputanga o te FSH me te LH. Koinei te wā ka tīmata te pakeketanga o te ira tangata me ngā huringa tipu.

• I roto i ngā tama tāne , ka mahi tahi te FSH me te LH ki te whakaoho i ō rātou poro ki te whakaputa i tētahi homoni e kiia nei ko te testosterone . Ko tēnei testosterone te mea e puta ai ngā huringa tinana i roto i ngā tama i te wā pakeketanga (pēnei i te huruhuru kanohi, te huruhuru uma, me te reo hohonu) ā, ka puta ai hoki te whakaputa parāoa.
• I roto i ngā kōtiro , ka mahi tahi te FSH me te LH ki te whakaoho i ā rātou ovaries ki te whakaputa i tētahi homoni e kiia nei ko te estrogen . Ko tēnei estrogen te take o ngā tohu o te pakeketanga, pērā i te whanaketanga o ngā ū me te tīmatanga o te paheketanga.

He aha te hiranga o te FSH mō ngā wāhine e pāngia ana e te paheketanga?

Mō ngā wāhine e pāngia ana e te paheketanga o ia marama, ko te mahi matua a te FSH he āwhina i te whakahaere i te huringa paheketanga. Ina koa, ka whakaoho te FSH i ngā follicle i roto i ngā ovaries kia tipu me te whakarite i ngā hua mō te whakaputa uri . I te tipu o ēnei follicle, ka tīmata rātou ki te tuku i ngā homoni estrogen, me te progesterone ki roto i te toto.

Ko te whakaputanga hua he wāhanga o te huringa paheketanga. I roto i te huringa paheketanga noa e 28 ngā rā, ka puta tēnei i te rā 14. Ki te kī ngāwari, ko te tukunga o te hua manu (ovum) mai i te ovary.

Ia marama, i waenganui i ngā rā 6 me te 14 o te huringa paheketanga, ka whakaoho te FSH i te pakeketanga o ētahi follicle i roto i te ovary kotahi. Heoi, i waenganui i ngā rā 10 me te 14, kotahi anake o ēnei follicle e whanake ana ka whanake hei hua manu kua tino pakari. I te rā 14 pea o te huringa paheketanga, ka puta he pikinga ohorere o te homoni LH ka pakaru te follicle kua pakeke ka tukuna he hua manu (ka kiia tēnei ko te ovulation ).

I muri i te whakaputanga o te hua manu, ka huri te pūmua pakaru hei corpus luteum (he repe whakaputa homoni rangitahi). Ka nui ake te progesterone ka puta mai i tēnei. Ka aukati te progesterone i te tukunga o te FSH, ā, ka āwhina i te whakarite i te arai o te kōpū mō te hapūtanga.

E rima ngā rā e haere ana te hua manu i tukuna mā roto i te ngongo Fallopian ki te kōpū. Mēnā ka whakatōkia pai e te parāoa i tēnei wā, ka hapu. Mēnā kāore e whakatōkia, ka pakaru te corpus luteum i te mutunga o te huringa paheketanga. Kātahi kaKa heke te hanga o te progesterone , ka tīmata anō te pikinga o ngā taumata FSH, ā, ka tīmata te huringa paheketanga e whai ake nei – arā, kua tae tō paheketanga.

Ngā pānga o te FSH ki ngā tāne

Mō ngā tāne, ko te FSH te mea nui hei whakaoho i te hanga parāoa . Ko te LH te mea hei whakaoho i te hanga testosterone i roto i ngā rauropi, ā, ka mahi tahi te FSH me te testosterone hei pupuri i te hanga parāoa.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i te hanga FSH?

Tērā pea kei te miharo koe me pēhea te whakahaere tika o tēnei FSH. Ka mahia tēnei e tētahi pūnaha tino uaua, engari he mahi whakamiharo. Ka kiia e mātou ko te tuaka Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal . He rite ki tētahi pokapū waea. Ka puta mai he waea mai i tētahi wāhi, ka whakautu te wāhi e whai ake nei ki a ia, ā, i runga i taua urupare, ka puta mai he waea rerekē mai i te wāhi tuatahi. Mena kāore tētahi o ngā wāhanga o tēnei pūnaha i roto i te roro (hypothalamus), te repe pituitary, ngā repe ira tangata rānei (ngā ovaries, ngā gonads rānei) e mahi tika ana, ka rerekē pea ngā taumata homoni e uru ana ki tēnei pūnaha.

Tuatahi, ka tukuna e tētahi wāhanga o tō roro, ko te hypothalamus te homoni tuku gonadotropin (GnRH) . Ka whakaohokia e tēnei GnRH te repe pituitary kia tukuna te FSH me te LH (e kiia ana ēnei e rua he gonadotropins). Ka tukuna e te hypothalamus te GnRH i roto i ngā rahinga iti, e kiia ana ko ngā pulse . Ina iti ake te puta mai o ēnei pulse, ka nui ake te FSH ka puta, ā, ina nui ake te puta mai, ka nui ake te LH ka puta. He mea whakamiharo tēnā?

Kātahi ka haere te FSH me te LH i tukuna mā roto i te toto ka herea ki ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi motuhake i roto i ngā testicles, i ngā ovaries rānei. Koinei te mahi tahi a te FSH me te LH ki te whakahaere i te mahi a ngā testicles me ngā ovaries.

Hei whakautu, ko ngā homoni e tukuna ana mai i ngā whakamātautau, i ngā ovaries rānei, ka whakahaere i te nui o te GnRH e whakaputaina ana e te hypothalamus. Ka haere tonu tēnei huringa. Heoi, he rerekē te pānga o ngā nui rerekē o ētahi homoni i roto i tēnei pūnaha ki te tukunga o ētahi atu homoni.

Hei tauira, he maha ngā pānga o te homoni wahine, te estrogen, ki te tukunga o te FSH. Mā te roa o te wā e pāngia ai te estrogen ka whakaiti i te tukunga o te FSH. Heoi, ina piki ake ngā taumata o te estrogen, pērā i te tikanga i mua i te whakaputanga o te hua manu, ka whakaoho i te repe pituitary kia whakanui ake i ngā taumata o te gonadotropin (FSH me te LH). Ka whakaitihia e te progesterone te auau o te tukunga o te GnRH mai i te hypothalamus, engari ka whakanui ake i te urupare o ngā gonadotropin ki te GnRH.

Ko te Inhibin B, ka tukuna mai i ngā pūtau i roto i ngā testicle i roto i ngā tāneKa mutu te whakaputa o te homoni e kīia nei ko te FSH hei wāhanga o tēnei porowhita urupare.

Nō reira, ki te mea he raruraru, he raruraru rānei kei roto i tēnei mekameka tukunga homoni, ka heke te nui o ngā homoni ira tangata. Ka whakararuraru tēnei i te whanaketanga ā-ira tangata noa o ngā tamariki, ā, ka whakararuraru hoki i te mahi noa o ngā huakita, o ngā ovaries rānei o ngā pakeke.

Me pēhea te āhua o ngā taumata FSH noa?

He rerekē ngā taumata FSH noa i runga i tō tau me tō ira tangata (arā, he wahine koe, he tāne rānei). Ko tētahi atu mea hei maumahara ko ēnei awhe FSH noa ka rerekē pea i waenga i tētahi taiwhanga ki tētahi taiwhanga. Nō reira, tirohia tonutia te awhe noa o te taiwhanga i runga i tō pūrongo whakamātautau toto . Mena he pātai āu mō ō hua, me pātai atu ki tō tākuta.

Ngā taumata FSH noa i roto i ngā tāne

Ko ngā taumata FSH noa i roto i ngā tāne koia ēnei (ngā waeine: mIU/mL - milli-Ao mō ia miririta):

• I mua i te pakeketanga: 0 ki te 5.0 mIU/mL.
• I te wā e pakeke haere ana: 0.3 ki te 10.0 mIU/mL.
• Pakeke: 1.5 ki te 12.4 mIU/mL.

Ngā taumata FSH noa i roto i ngā wāhine

Ko ngā taumata FSH noa i roto i ngā wāhine koia ēnei (wāhanga: mIU/mL ):

• I mua i te pakeketanga: 0 ki te 4.0 mIU/mL.
• I te wā e pakeke haere ana: 0.3 ki te 10.0 mIU/mL.
• I muri i te pakeketanga (i mua i te paheketanga): 4.7 ki te 21.5 mIU/mL.
• I muri i te paheketanga : 25.8 ki te 134.8 mIU/mL.

Me pēhea te tirotiro i te taumata FSH o te tangata e hiahia ana kia hapu?

Ina tirohia ngā taumata FSH mō te momonatanga, he mea tino nui te wā o te whakamātautau . Ka rerekē ngā taumata FSH puta noa i tō huringa paheketanga. Mō te whakamātautau momonatanga, ka mahia te whakamātautau toto FSH i te Rā 3 o tō huringa paheketanga ( ko te Rā 1 te rā ka tīmata ai tō paheketanga).

I whakaatuhia e tētahi rangahau he nui ake te tūponotanga ka hapu ngā wāhine he iti iho i te 15 mIU/mL ngā taumata FSH i te rā tuatoru o tō rātou huringa paheketanga i te hunga he iti iho i te 15 mIU/mL me te 24.9 mIU/mL ngā taumata FSH. He iti ake te maha o ngā wā ka hapu ngā wāhine he nui ake ngā taumata FSH i te 25 mIU/mL i muri i ngā ngana IVF.

Engari kia maumahara, he maha atu anō ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki tō āheinga ki te whānau tamariki – ehara i te mea ko tō taumata FSH anake te mea whakatau . Mena he pātai āu mō tō āheinga ki te whānau tamariki, mō te haputanga rānei, pātai atu ki tō tākuta, ki tētahi tohunga whakawhānau tamariki rānei.

He aha ngā mea ka tupu mēnā ka piki ake ngā taumata FSH?

I te nuinga o te wā, ko te nui ake o ngā taumata FSH i te mea noa he tohu kei te raru ngā ovaries, ngā testicles rānei (arā, ngā gonads).Ko tōna tikanga he raruraru.

Whakaarohia, ki te kore e taea e ō whekau te whakaputa i te nui o te estrogen, te testosterone, me/ranei te inhibin, ka pakaru te porowhita urupare mai i te repe pituitary ki te whakaputa i te FSH. Kātahi ka piki ake ngā taumata o te FSH me te LH. Ka kiia tēnei āhuatanga ko te hypergonadotropic-hypogonadism, ko te hypogonadism tuatahi rānei. E pā ana tēnei ki te Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) te ngoikore rānei o te testicular .

Ka taea e te hypogonadism tuatahi te whānau mai, te whiwhi mai rānei nā ētahi atu mate hauora.

Ko ngā momo o te hypogonadism whānau tuatahi ko:

• Te mate Klinefelter i roto i ngā tāne.
• Te mate Turner i roto i ngā wahine.
• Te mate kore aro o te androgen .
• Te korenga o ētahi whākōkī (he tino onge ēnei).

Ka taea e ēnei te whakararu i te hypogonadism tuatahi i muri mai:

• Ngā mea paitini ki ngā ure, hei tauira te rongoā irahiko , te rongoā matepukupuku rānei.
• Te kino, te whara rānei o ngā ovaries, o ngā testicles rānei.
• Te hekenga o ngā homoni ira tangata i te pakeketanga.
• Ko ētahi āhuatanga autoimmune .
• Ngā mate urutā pērā i te repe .

He tino onge, ka taea e ngā raruraru o te repe pituitary o te wahine te whakaputa i ngā taumata FSH teitei. Ka taea e tēnei te whakararuraru i te huringa urupare noa, ā, i ētahi wā ka arahi ki tētahi āhuatanga e kiia nei ko te ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome . Ka taea e tēnei te pupuhi i ngā ovaries, ka hanga wai kino ki roto i te puku.

Ka piki ake ngā taumata FSH i te whakatatanga mai o ngā wāhine me te wā o te menopause . He mea noa tēnei.

Mō ngā tamariki, mēnā he teitei ake ngā taumata o te FSH me te LH i te mea e tika ana mō ō rātou tau – me te putanga wawe mai o ngā āhuatanga ira tuarua – he tohu tēnei mō te pakeketanga o te wahine. He mea tino kitea tēnei i roto i ngā kōtiro. Ko te pakeketanga o te wahine e kiia ana ko te pakeketanga e puta ana i mua i te 9 tau te pakeke mō ngā kōtiro, me te 10 tau mō ngā tama.

He aha ngā mea ka tupu mēnā ka heke te taumata o te FSH?

Ko te iti iho i te taumata noa o te FSH ka hua ake te whanaketanga kāore i oti i te wā o te pakeketanga. I roto i ngā pakeke, ka ngoikore te mahi a ngā ovaries, ngā testicles rānei, ka arahi atu ki te kore tamariki .) āhuatanga. Ka kiia tēnei āhuatanga ko te hypogonadotropic-hypogonadism . Ko te tikanga ka puta mai i ngā raruraru o tō repe pituitary, hypothalamus rānei.

Ngā raruraru o te repe pituitary ka hua ai te iti o te FSH

He tino onge te hypopituitarism , e iti rawa ai te kotahi, te maha, te katoa rānei o ngā homoni e whakaputaina ana e tō repe pituitary. Nō reira, ka iti pea ngā taumata FSH i roto i te hypopituitarism.

Ahakoa he onge, he maha ngā āhuatanga me ngā take ka taea te whakararu i te hypopituitarism. I te nuinga o te wā, ko ēnei take matua e toru ka taea te whakararu i te hypopituitarism:

• Kei te pēhia tō repe pituitary, tō hypothalamus rānei e tetahi mea.
• Te kino ki tō repe pituitary, ki tō hypothalamus rānei.
• He mate onge tōu ka taea te whakararu i te hypopituitarism.

Ko tētahi tino take o te hypopituitarism tuatahi ko te pituitary adenoma . He pukupuku pai tēnei e tupu ana i roto i te repe pituitary. Mena he nui te adenoma, he tipu tonu rānei, ka taea e ia te pēhi i te repe pituitary, te aukati rānei i te rere o te toto ki reira.

Me pēhea te iti o te FSH e puta ai ngā raruraru hypothalamic

He mate tuku iho te mate Kallmann . I roto i tēnei mate, kāore e nui te homoni tuku gonadotropin (GnRH) e whakaputaina ana e tō hypothalamus. Ina kore e nui te GnRH, ka heke ngā taumata FSH, ka heke anō hoki ngā taumata homoni ira tangata. Ki te kore e rongoatia, e kore te tangata whai mate Kallmann e eke ki te pakeketanga, ā, e kore e taea e ia te whānau tamariki ā-tinana.

He aha ngā tohu o ngā rerekētanga o te taumata FSH?

Ki te kore ngā taumata FSH i roto i ngā tamariki e tino teitei rawa, ā, ka puta ai te pakeketanga wawe, ko ngā taumata FSH, ahakoa teitei, iti rānei, he tohu i te mate e kiia nei ko te hypogonadism . Ko te hypogonadism ko te wā e iti ana, e kore rānei e whakaputahia e ngā gonads, arā, ngā testicles, ngā ovaries rānei, ngā homoni ira tangata.

Ina iti ngā taumata FSH nā te raruraru o tō hypothalamus, o tō pituitary rānei, ka arahi tika atu ki te hypogonadism. Heoi, ko te nui ake o ngā taumata FSH i te mea noa he tohu, he pānga taha rānei o te hypogonadism i puta mai i te raruraru o ō gonads.

Nā te mea ina iti ake ngā homoni ira tangata e hangaia ana e ngā gonad (he maha ngā wā nā te kino), ka ngana tō repe pituitary ki te whakaoho i a rātou kia nui ake ngā homoni ira tangata e hangaia ana. Koia te take e tukuna ai e ia he nui ake te FSH. I tēnei wā, kāore he pānga o te FSH, nā te mea he hapa kei roto i ngā kiko o ngā gonad e hanga ana i ngā homoni ira tangata.

He rerekē ngā tohu o te hypogonadism i runga i tō tau me te mea he tāne koe, he wahine rānei.

Ko ngā tohu o te hypogonadism i roto i ngā pēpi hou ko:

• He iti rawa te ure ( micropenis ).
• Ngā porotiti kāore i heke iho ( Cryptorchidism ).

Ko ngā tohu o te hypogonadism i roto i ngā tamariki ko:

• Kāore ngā ū o ngā kōtiro e whanake ana i te wā o te pakeketanga.
• Te korenga, te roa rānei o te paheketanga o ia marama ( amenorrhea ).
• Kāore e nui haere ngā poro o ngā tama.
• Te korenga o te tupu ohorere i te wā o te pakeketanga.

Ngā tohu o te hypogonadism i roto i ngā tāne:

• Te hekenga o te hiahia moepuku.
• Te ngenge .
• Te kore tamariki , he maha ngā wā nā te kore o te parāoa ( Azoospermia ).
• Te ngoikore o te ure .
• Te whakanui i te ū ( gynecomastia ).
• Te ngoikore o te uaua.
• Te ngaronga o ngā huruhuru o te mata, o te tinana rānei.

Ngā tohu o te hypogonadism i roto i ngā wāhine:

• Te hekenga o te hiahia moepuku.
• Te ngenge.
• Te kore tamariki, he maha ngā wā ka puta mai i ngā raruraru o te whakaputa uri.
• Ngā mura wera .
• Te paheketanga koretake, te mutunga rawa rānei o te paheketanga.
• Te ngaro o te makawe i te wāhi tūmataiti.

Me pēhea te tirotiro i ngā taumata FSH?

Ka taea e te tākuta te tirotiro i ō taumata FSH mā te whakamātautau toto . Ko te tikanga o tēnei ko te tango i tētahi tauira toto mai i tētahi uaua i tō ringa mā te whakamahi i tētahi ngira. He tino māmā noa iho.

He maha ngā take ka tonoa pea e ngā tākuta he whakamātautau toto FSH. Tērā pea ka tonoa anō hoki e rātou ētahi atu whakamātautau toto homoni i te wā kotahi, hei tātaritanga, hei whakakore rānei i ētahi mate hauora. Hei tauira:

• Te homoni whakapūtā (LH).
• Te Testosterone.
• Estradiol me/ranei te progesterone.

I te nuinga o te wā, ka āwhina ēnei whakamātautau i ngā mea penei:

• Kimihia te take mō te kore tamariki.
• Tātarihia ngā mate e pā ana ki te kore mahi tika o ngā ovaries me ngā testicles rānei.
• Āwhina ki te tautuhi i ngā āhuatanga o te repe pituitary, hypothalamus rānei, ka pā pea ki te hanga FSH.

Hei whakarāpopototanga ake, mō ngā wāhine, ka taea e ngā whakamātautau toto FSH te whakaatu i ngā mōhiohio e whai ake nei:

• Tirohia ngā paheketanga kore taurite .
• Matapaetia mēnā kei te tata mai rātou, kua tae rānei ki te wā pāheketanga.

Mō ngā tāne, ka taea e ngā whakamātautau toto FSH te āwhina ki te whakatau i te pūtake o te iti o te maha o te parāoa.

Ka whakamahia e ngā tākuta ngā whakamātautau toto FSH me LH hei whakatau mēnā kei te pāngia ngā tamariki e te pakeketanga kua roa, kua wawe rānei .

Āhea koe me kōrero ki te tākuta mō te FSH?

Ki te mea kei a koe ngā tohu o te hypogonadism, me toro atu ki tō tākuta .

Mena kei te ahua kei te tere ake, kei te roa ake rānei te pakeketanga o tāu tamaiti i te wā e whakaarohia ana, me toro atu ki tā rātou tākuta. Tērā pea ka whakahaerehia e rātou ētahi whakamātautau toto māmā hei tirotiro mēnā he hapa kei roto i ō rātou taumata FSH.

Mena kei te raru koe ki te hapu, kōrero ki tō tākuta, ki tētahi tohunga whakawhānau rānei. Ahakoa he maha ngā take mō te kore tamariki, ko ō taumata FSH pea tētahi o aua take.

Hei whakarāpopototanga

Āe, ko te mea nui rawa atu me maumahara koe i roto i ngā kōrero kua kōrerotia nei, ko te homoni whakaoho-follicle (FSH) he homoni nui e tino pā ana ki te whanaketanga ā-ira tangata me te momonatanga . Nā te mea ko te FSH he wāhanga o tētahi pūnaha matatini e mahi tahi ana me ētahi atu homoni me ngā repe, ehara i te mea onge te koretake o ngā taumata FSH.

Mena kei a koe, kei tāu tamaiti rānei ētahi tohu e pā ana ki te whanaketanga ā-ira tangata, ki te momonatanga rānei, tēnā tirohia tō tākuta, ka kōrero mō ēnei tohu. Kei konei rātou hei āwhina. Kaua rawa e ngana ki te noho ko koe anake, he mea whakaaro nui tonu te rapu tohutohu hauora.

` Homoni whakaoho-pūmua, FSH, homoni, repe pituitary, hauora uri, pakeketanga, huringa paheketanga, kore tamariki, hypogonadism, LH, GnRH