"E te tākuta, kāore tā māua tama e mahi i tētahi mahi kotahi me te aro kotahi. He nekeneke noa iho ia, he oma, he pekepeke tonu. E mea ana ngā kaiako i te kura kāore ia e noho puku i roto i te akomanga, ā, e whakararuraru ana i ngā tamariki. He mahi hē ā-whakaaro tēnei nā māua, e te tākuta?" I haere mai a Dilhani, te whaea o Kavindu, e whitu tau te pakeke, ki te whare hauora, ā, i whakapuaki i ōna āwangawanga ki a Tākuta Priya.
I whakamarie a Tākuta Priya i a ia, ā, i whakamārama mārire, "E Dilhani, ehara tēnei i te mea e mahia ana e Kavindu. I roto i te reo hauora, ko tēnei mate e kiia ana ko te Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). He mate tēnei e puta mai ana i ngā huringa ngawari o te pūnaha io i roto i te mahi me te whanaketanga o te roro. Mā te whakangungu whanonga tika me ngā tohutohu hauora, ka taea te whakahaere katoa i tēnei whanoke me te kore aro."
He aha te mate aro nui kore mahi (ADHD), e kitea ana i roto i ngā tamariki me ētahi wā i roto i ngā pakeke? I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka matapakihia e mātou ōna tohu, ōna momo, ōna take, me pēhea te tiaki i ngā tamariki.
🤔 He aha te ADHD?
Ko te Mate Aro-Kore/Hāpai-Nui (ADHD) he mate whanaketanga roro e kitea whānuitia ana i te tamarikitanga. Ka puta mai i ngā huringa mahi i ngā wāhanga o te roro e whai wāhi ana ki te whakamahere, te aro, me te whakahaere i ngā kare ā-roto (te pito o mua).
He uaua ki ngā tamariki e pāngia ana e tēnei mate te whakahaere i ō rātou kare ā-roto, whakaaro, me ngā mahi (ngā mahi whakahaere), ā, ka whakararuraru tēnei i ā rātou mahi mātauranga me ngā mahi pāpori o ia rā.
❓ He pēhea te noa o te ADHD?
E ai ki ngā tatauranga, tata ki te 7% - 11% o ngā tamariki i waenga i te 2 - 17 tau te pakeke he ADHD. E rua ngā wā ka kitea te ADHD i roto i ngā tama i ngā kōtiro. Nā te mea e kitea mārama ana ngā tohu o te kahakore o ngā tama, he ngāwari noa iho te tuku atu ki ngā tākuta.
❓ Whakarōpūtanga ADHD (Ngā Momo ADHD)
E toru ngā momo o te ADHD, i runga i ngā tohu matua e whakaatuhia ana e te tamaiti:
1. Te Whakaaturanga Tino Kore Aro: I tēnei wā, ahakoa he iti te nekeneke, he uaua rawa te pupuri i te aro. Ahakoa i mua i huaina tēnei ko te ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder), kua whakarōpūtia inaianei ki raro i te ADHD.
2. Whakaaturanga Tino Hihiri-Hīkoi: I tēnei whakaaturanga, ko ngā whanonga tino hihiri pērā i te oma, te pekepeke, te nekeneke, me te kore manawanui te mea nui ake, kaua ko te kore aro.
3. Whakaaturanga Ngātahi: Ko te whakaaturanga tino kitea (70% o ngā tūroro kei roto i tēnei wāhanga) ko te kitea ōrite o ngā tohu o te kore aro me te hihiko rawa.
🤒 He aha ngā tohu o te ADHD?
Hei tautuhi i te mate, me noho ēnei tohu mō te iti rawa o te 6 marama karapīpiti i roto i ngā taiao e rua o te oranga o te tamaiti (hei tauira, te kāinga me te kura).
#### Ngā Tohu o te Kore Aro:
- Ngā hapa maha i roto i ngā mahi kura me ngā mahi o ia rā.
- He uaua ki te pupuri i te aro i a koe e takaro ana, e ako ana rānei.
- Te whakaatu i te kore hiahia ki te whakarongo ina kōrero tika mai tetahi.
- He uaua ki te whai i ngā tohutohu tika, me te whakaoti i ngā mahi i te wā tika.
- Te wareware tonu, te ngaro hoki o ngā mea o ia rā pēnei i ngā pukapuka, ngā taonga takaro me ngā pene.
- Te whakararuraru i a koe ahakoa ngā kaupapa o waho iti rawa.
#### Ngā Tohu o te Hihiri/Te Hihiri:
- Te nekeneke haere, te takahuri rānei o ngā waewae ina noho ana i te wāhi kotahi.
- Te ara pinepine i tō nohoanga i te akomanga, i te kāinga rānei, ka omaoma haere.
- He uaua ki te tākaro, ki te whakangā rānei i runga i te marino.
- Te kōrero nui tonu.
- Te hiahia nui ki te whakautu i tētahi pātai i mua i te otinga.
- Te kore manawanui ki te tatari mō te wā.
- Te whakararuraru i ngā kōrero a ētahi atu, i ngā kēmu rānei.
🤔 Ngā Take o te ADHD
Ahakoa kāore anō kia kitea te tino pūtake o tēnei mate, e ai ki ngā rangahau pūtaiao, ko ngā tino pūtake koia ēnei:
- Ira: Mena he ADHD tō tetahi o te whānau, e 75% te mōrearea o te tamaiti ki te pāngia e taua mate.
- Ngā huringa io i roto i te roro: Te kore taurite o ngā neurotransmitters, arā, ngā matū pēnei i te dopamine me te noradrenaline, e tuku karere ana ki roto i te roro.
- Ngā pānga i te wā e hapu ana: Te whakamahinga hikareti, waipiro, tarukino rānei e te whaea i te wā e hapu ana, te nui rawa rānei o te pānga ki ngā matū (hei tauira, te mata).
- Whānautanga wawe: He pēpi i whānau i mua i te wā katoa o te whānautanga, he iti rānei tōna taumaha i te whānautanga.
> [!TUHIRO]
> Ehara i te mea ko te kai nui rawa i te huka, te mātakitaki nui rawa i te pouaka whakaata, i ngā waea pūkoro rānei, te mātua ngoikore rānei, ngā mea e puta ai te ADHD. Engari ka taea e ēnei te whakararu i ngā tohu o nāianei.
🚨 Ngā raruraru roa ka pā mai mēnā kāore e arohia (Ngā Tohu Whero)
Ki te kore e rongoatia tika te ADHD, ka pā pea ki te tamaiti ngā raruraru e whai ake nei i a ia e tipu ake ana:
- Te whakamuri o te mātauranga me te kore pumau o te mahi.
- Te Whakaaro Pai ki a Ia Anō me te pakaru o ngā whanaungatanga pāpori.
- Ngā raruraru hinengaro pērā i te manukanuka me te pouri.
- Ngā mahi turekore, mōrearea hoki e hua mai ana i te riri ohorere, kāore i te taea te whakahaere.
- Te Mate Whakamahinga Matū.
🛠️ Ngā Mahi hei Āwhina i te Tamaiti me te ADHD
- Hipanga tuatahi: Mena he āwangawanga āu mō te whanonga a tāu tamaiti, tirohia he tākuta tiaki tuatahi, he tohunga hinengaro rānei mō ngā tamariki kia tika ai te tātaritanga.
- Hipanga tuarua (te whakarite i te mahinga):Kia mau ki tētahi mahinga whakarite mō te oho ake, te kai, te ako, me te moe.
- Hipanga Tuatoru (Whakaora Whanoke): Hei mātua, whakamoemititia tonutia tāu tamaiti ina mahi ia i tētahi mea pai (Whakapakari Pai). Whakamahia te tikanga "Wā-whakamutu" me te marino, kaua hoki e riri ina whanoke te tamaiti.
- Hipanga Tuawhā (Te Whakarite i te Taiao Kura): Whakamōhio atu ki te kaiako o te kura, ā, me mahi kia whakanohoia te tamaiti ki te tūru ki mua o te akomanga, kia wāwāhia hoki ngā mahi kia iti noa iho.
- Hipanga Tuarima (Te Whakamahinga Tika o te Rongoā): Hoatu ngā mea whakaohooho ki ngā tamariki neke atu i te 6 tau te pakeke, pērā i te Methylphenidate, e ai ki te whakahau a te tākuta.
📊 Whakataurite i ngā Kōwhiringa Maimoatanga
| Tikanga (Kōwhiringa) | Ngā Painga | Ngā ngoikoretanga |
|---|---|---|
| Te Whakaora Whanoke | Kāore he pānga taha, ā, ka taea e te tamaiti te ako i te whakahaere i a ia anō. | He roa te wā e ora ai, ā, he nui te whakapau kaha a ngā mātua. |
| Ngā mea whakaohooho | Ka tere tonu te whakahaere i ngā tohu (me te angitu o te 70% - 80%). | Tērā pea ka puta ngā pānga taha rangitahi pērā i te kore hiahia kai me te kore moe. |
| Te Whakaora Whakakotahi | Koinei te tikanga tino angitu e taunakitia ana e te rata. He whai hua i te tamarikitanga me te pakeketanga. | Me aroturukitia tika te whare hauora. |
❓ Ētahi atu raruraru ka pā mai pea ki a koe (FAQ)
He rite tonu te mate ADHD ki te autism? ▼
Kāo. He rerekē ngā mate whanaketanga roro o te ADHD me te autism (Autism Spectrum Disorder). Heoi, tera pea he rite tonu ētahi o ngā tohu o ngā āhuatanga e rua (ngā raruraru whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te noho motuhake), ā, he nui ake te mōrearea o ngā tamariki whai autism ki te whakawhanake i te ADHD.
He aha ngā pūkenga motuhake a ngā tamariki ADHD? ▼
He tino auaha te hunga whai ADHD, he manawanui i ngā wā o te raruraru, he aro nui, ā, he mutunga kore te kaha.
Kei te warangahia ngā tamariki e ngā rongoā ADHD? ▼
Kāo. Kāore ngā tamariki e waranga ki ēnei rongoā ina hoatu te horopeta tika e ai ki tā te tākuta. Inaa, ko ngā tamariki e whiwhi ana i te maimoatanga tika, he iti ake te tūponotanga ka waranga ki ētahi atu rongoā ā muri ake nei.
Ka taea e ngā pakeke te pāngia e te ADHD?
Āe. Ko ngā tohumate ADHD kāore i te kitea i te tamarikitanga ka mau tonu ki te pakeketanga. I roto i ngā pakeke, ko ngā tohumate pēnei i te wareware, te kore e taea te whakamahere i ngā mahi, me te kore e taea te whakahaere i ngā kare ā-roto he mea noa ake i te hihiko rawa.
📖 Ngā Puna me ngā Tohutoro Pūtaiao
- Aratohu a te NHS (UK) mō te ADHD: Te Mate Hinengaro Kore Aro o te NHS (I uru atu i te tau 2026)
- Ngā Rauemi Hauora a te CDC (US) mō te ADHD: Ngā Tohu me te Tātaritanga o te ADHD a te CDC (I uru atu i te tau 2026)
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