I a koe e tirotirohia ana tō uma mā te ultrasound, te mammogram, te MRI rānei, tera pea kua kite koe i tētahi mea e kiia nei ko te BI-RADS i runga i te pūrongo. Tērā pea kua kōrerotia atu e tō tākuta ki a koe. Nō reira, he mea tauhou tēnei ki te tini o te tangata, nō reira tera pea ka pōhēhē rātou, ka pātai, "He aha tēnei BI-RADS?" Kaua e manukanuka, me kōrero noa, me mārama hoki.
He aha te `BI-RADS`? He aha i whakamahia ai?
Ki te kī māmā noa, ko te kupu 'BI-RADS' he whakarāpopototanga mō ngā kupu Pākehā "Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System" . I te reo Sinhala, ko tōna tikanga he rite ki te "Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System". He pūnaha tino nui tēnei. Nā te mea, ehara i te mea i Sri Lanka anake, engari puta noa i te ao, ka whakamahia e ngā tohunga hihi-X (arā, ngā tākuta e mahi ana i ngā matawai pēnei i te '(Ultrasound)', '(Mammogram)' me te tātari i ā rātou hua) tēnei pūnaha hei tuhi i ngā mōhiohio ki roto i ō pūrongo whakamātautau ū.
Whakaarohia, i mahia he mammogram ki tētahi wāhi, ā, i mahia e tētahi atu ki tētahi atu wāhi. Kātahi te pōhēhē mēnā kāore te katoa e kōrero mō aua hua i te huarahi kotahi, i te reo kotahi? Kua whakaurua mai tēnei pūnaha BI-RADS hei otinga mō taua raruraru.
E rua ngā take matua i whakaurua mai ai tēnei pūnaha:
1. Whakapūmau i te pūrongo: Whakatūria he huarahi paerewa mā ngā tohunga hihi-X ki te pūrongo i ngā kitenga mai i ngā whakamātautau ū. Mā tēnei ka mōhio te katoa, ahakoa kei hea rātou i te ao, ki ngā mōhiohio i te ara kotahi. Mā tēnei ka tino whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā māramatanga hē.
2. Kia māmā te mārama ki te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku o te ū: Te whakaatu i tō mōrearea ki te whakawhanake i te mate pukupuku o te ū i roto i te huarahi e māmā ai ki a koe me ērā atu tākuta e rongoā ana i a koe te mārama.
Kāore pea koe e kite tika i te tohu `(BI-RADS)` i roto i tō pūkete hauora hiko (`(Electronic Medical Record)`). Heoi, kei roto tonu i te pūkete a tō tākuta. Ka taea e koe te pātai ki tō tākuta he aha te tohu `(BI-RADS)` me tōna tikanga. Nāu tēnei mana.
He aha ngā kāwai 'BI-RADS'? He aha ngā kōrero a ō kaute?
Ko ngā kāwai BI-RADS he mea tau mai i te kore (0) ki te ono (6). Koinei tonu te pūnaha e whakamahia ana ahakoa te whakamātautau ū e mahia ana e koe (Mammogram, Ultrasound, MRI). Heoi, i runga i te kaute BI-RADS ka whiwhi koe, ka rerekē pea tō tiaki whai muri. Hei tauira, ki te mea he Mammogram tōu, ā, ka whiwhi koe i te kaute BI-RADS, ka tūtohu pea tō tākuta i tētahi atu Mammogram, Ultrasound, MRI, Biopsy rānei (ka tangohia he tauira iti o te kiko hei whakamātautau).
Kia kite tātou i te kīanga o ia o ēnei kāwai:
- `BI-RADS 0`: Kāore i oti
- Ko te tikanga o tēnei, kāore e taea e te whakamātautau te whakatutuki i tētahi whakatau katoa, ā, me nui ake ngā kōrero e hiahiatia ana. Tērā pea me whakataurite ngā pūrongo `(Mammogram)` o mua, ka tonoa pea koe kia mahi i ētahi atu tirohanga `(Mammogram)`, i ngā whakamātautau `(Ultrasound)` rānei. Ehara tēnei i te kī he hapa kei roto, engari he iti noa ngā kōrero.
- `BI-RADS 1`: Kino
- Koinei te hua pai rawa atu! Ko te tikanga tēnei kāore he puku, he huringa rānei i kitea i roto i ō ū. He noa ngā mea katoa. E taunakihia ana kia tirotirohia ō ū i ia wā (`(Whakamātautau auau)`) i te wā kua whakaritea.
- `BI-RADS 2`: Te Kimi Pai
- He hua pai anō hoki tēnei. Ko te tikanga, ahakoa he mea kei roto i te ū (hei tauira, he whēwhē kī tonu i te wai, he puku kore-matepukupuku pērā i te fibroadenoma), ehara i te matepukupuku, ehara hoki i te mea pai . Kāore he mea hei manukanuka ahakoa he mea pēnei. I tēnei wā, e taunakihia ana kia tirohia ngā ū i te wā noa.
- `BI-RADS 3`: He pai pea, he poto te wā e whakaarohia ana te whai ake
- Ko te tikanga o tēnei, e 98% te tūponotanga kāore tēnei kitenga i te mate pukupuku, arā, he āhua pai pea . Heoi, kia tino mōhio ai koe, me whai whakamātautau anō (Mammogram, Ultrasound rānei) i roto i te ono marama pea. Hei tirotiro mēnā ka rerekē, ka nui haere rānei te kitenga i roto i te wā. I te nuinga o te wā, ka noho tonu ēnei mea, ka ngaro rānei. Nō reira kaua e manukanuka.
- `BI-RADS 4`: He rerekētanga whakapae, me whai whakaaro ki te koiora
- Koinei te tohu e mataku ai te tini o te tangata. Ko te tikanga tēnei he tūponotanga kei te kitea he mate pukupuku te mea i kitea i te wā o te whakamātautau, nō reira he mea whakapae . Engari ko te 'BI-RADS 4' kāore e kī ana he mate pukupuku kei reira. Ko te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku ka taea te horapa mai i te 2% ki te 95%. Nō reira, ka tūtohu pea te tākuta i tētahi '(Biopsy)', arā, me tango he wahi iti o te kiko ka tirotirohia, kia kitea ai he aha te mea i kitea.
- Kua wehea anō te wāhanga `BI-RADS 4` kia toru ngā rōpū iti (4A, 4B, 4C), e tohu ana i te iti, te āhua, me te pikinga paku o te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku. Mā tō tākuta koe e kōrero atu mō tēnei. Ko te mea nui kia kaua e wehi i ngā pānga o te `(Biopsy)`, engari me mahi kia tino kitea.
- `BI-RADS 5`: He Tino Whakaaro mō te Mate Pukupuku, He Tino Manakohia te Kohikohi
- Ko te tikanga tēnei ko te mea i kitea.He tino teitei te tūponotanga o te mate pukupuku (`(Malignancy)`) (neke atu i te 95%). Nō reira, he mea tino taunaki kia mahia he `(Biopsy)` hei whakaū i tēnei. He mea pouri te whiwhi i tēnei hua, engari he mea nui kia tika te tautuhi me te tīmata wawe i te maimoatanga.
- `BI-RADS 6`: He mate pukupuku kua mōhiotia kua whakamātauhia e te Biopsy
- Ka whakamahia tēnei kāwai mō ngā whakamātautau kua oti kē te tango i te koiora hei whakaū kei a koe te mate pukupuku ū, ā, kei te rongoatia koe mōna . Hei tauira, ka whakamahia tēnei tohu i roto i ngā whakamātautau i mua i te pokanga hei tirotiro i te rahi o te mate pukupuku, me pēhea hoki tana urupare ki te maimoatanga.
I te tau 1993 i whakaurua tuatahitia ai te pūnaha BI-RADS e te American College of Radiology (ACR) hei paerewa i ngā pūrongo mammography. Nō muri mai ka whakamahia mō te MRI me te ultrasound. Koia te take e whakamahia ai e ngā tohunga radiology huri noa i te ao ngā kupu ōrite ina kōrero ana mō ngā whakamātautau ū.
He aha ngā painga o te pūnaha `BI-RADS`?
He maha ngā painga matua o tēnei tikanga:
- Whakapūmautanga: E ai ki tā mātou i kōrero ai i mua ake nei, ka rite tonu te tuku pūrongo a ngā tohunga hihi-X i ngā kitenga, me te whakamahi i ngā kupu kotahi. Mā tēnei ōritetanga ka pai ake te kounga o ngā pūrongo, ka whakaiti hoki i ngā māramatanga hē. Ahakoa ka neke koe mai i tētahi tākuta ki tētahi atu, he ngāwari tonu te mārama ki te pūrongo.
- Aromatawai mōrearea: Mā te tikanga `(BI-RADS)` ka taea e koe te whakatau tata i tō mōrearea ki te mate pukupuku ū. Mā tēnei ka āwhina koe ki te whakamahere i te tere (`(Whakahohenga)`) me mahi ngā whakamātautau e whai ake nei.
- Whai Huatanga: Mā te whakarōpū i ngā hua whakamātautau pēnei, kāore e hiahiatia ana e ngā tohunga hihi-X te whakamārama i ā rātou kitenga i ngā huarahi rerekē i ia wā. Mā tēnei ka penapena wā, ka pai ake hoki te mahi.
Whakaarohia, mēnā kei roto i tō pūrongo te kupu "BI-RADS 2", ka mārama ohorere koe, tō tākuta whānau, me tō tākuta mate pukupuku ( mēnā e tika ana ) ki tōna tikanga. Koinei te mea tino whai hua o tēnei.
He ngoikoretanga kei te pūnaha 'BI-RADS'?
Ahakoa he tikanga whai hua tēnei, he iti noa iho ōna ngoikoretanga me ōna ngoikoretanga:
- Te Whaiaroaro: He wāhi anō kei reira mō te whakatau me te wheako whaiaro a te tohunga hihi-X i te wā e whakatau ana i tētahi kāwai i runga i ngā mea i kitea i roto i te matawai. Mēnā ka tirohia e te tokorua te matawai kotahi, he iti noa iho te rerekētanga.
- Ngā hua teka: Ahakoa he tino onge, ka puta pea ngā hua teka.- Arā, tera pea te āhua kāore he mate pukupuku - tera pea he hua kino teka - arā, tera pea ka ngaro te mate pukupuku ahakoa kei reira. Mēnā ka puta tēnei, ka puta pea he manukanuka koretake, ka whakaroa rānei i te tautuhi i te mate pukupuku. Engari, kia mahara, he tino onge ēnei.
- Kāore i te tino mārama: Ahakoa e whakaahua ana tēnei tikanga whakarōpū i ngā hua whakamātautau i te kitenga whakapae, kāore ngā taipitopito tāpiri mō te kitenga whakapae (pēnei i tōna rahi, tōna āhua, tōna tauwāhi) e whakaratohia ana e te tapanga ``(BI-RADS)`` anake. Kua whakarārangihia motuhaketia ēnei taipitopito i roto i te pūrongo.
Ka taea e te `BI-RADS` te whakaatu tika mēnā he mate pukupuku kei roto? Ko te tikanga o te `BI-RADS 4` he mate pukupuku?
He raruraru anō hoki tēnei mō te tini o te tangata. Kāore te pūnaha "BI-RADS" e whakarōpū i te mate pukupuku ("Whakarōpūtanga""), e kī rānei i te taumata o te mate pukupuku ("Whakatakotoranga"). Ko te wāhanga "BI-RADS 6" anake te mea rerekē. Nā te mea ko te tikanga kua whakaūtia kētia te aroaro o te mate pukupuku mā te "Biopsy".
Ko ngā wāhanga "BI-RADS" kē atu (ina koa ko te 3, 4, me te 5) e tohu ana i te tūponotanga o te mate pukupuku . Hei tauira, ko te tikanga o te "BI-RADS 3" kāore he whakapae i te kitenga, engari me tirotirohia anō koe i roto i ngā marama 6-12.
Ko te pātai nui rawa atu inaianei: He mate pukupuku te tikanga o te 'BI-RADS 4'?
Kāo. Ehara te 'BI-RADS 4' i te kī he mate pukupuku tōu. Ko tōna tikanga he mea rerekē, he mea whakapae rānei kei roto i ngā hua o tō whakamātautau, nō reira me mahi he '(Biopsy)' kia kitea ai he aha te mate. E ai ki tā mātou i kōrero ai i mua, ko te mōrearea o te whakawhanake i te mate pukupuku ū i roto i te wāhanga 'BI-RADS 4' ka rerekē mai i te 2% ki te 95%. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ina mahia he '(Biopsy)', ka whakaūtia ehara i te mate pukupuku i roto i te nuinga o te tangata. Nō reira, kaua e ngākau pouri, kaua hoki e mataku ina kite koe i te 'BI-RADS 4'.
He mea noa te pōhēhē me te maha o ngā pātai ina kite koe i tētahi hua whakamātautau rerekē. Ina koa he uaua ki te mārama ki ngā mea kei roto i te pūrongo whakamātautau. Koinei te wāhi e uru mai ai te pūnaha "(BI-RADS)". Kua whakauruhia he paerewa ki ngā kupu me ngā kīanga e puta ana i runga i tō pūrongo whakamātautau ū. Mā tēnei ka mārama koe ki ngā whakaaro o te tohunga hihi-X mō ngā hua o tō whakamātautau.
Ko te mea tino nui hei ako mā tātou i tēnei (Karere hei Tango ki te Kāinga)
Āe, nā, mai i ngā mea kua kōrerotia e tātou, koinei ngā mea tino nui hei maumahara māu:
- Ko te `(BI-RADS)` he tikanga mō te whakaatu i ngā hua o ngā pūrongo tirotiro ū (`(Mammogram)`, `(Ultrasound)`, `(MRI)`) i roto i te huarahi paerewa.
- Mā tēnā koe e hoatu he whakaaro whānui mō tō tupono ki te whakawhanake i te mate pukupuku.
- Kei te 0 ki te 6 ngā kaute mō te `(BI-RADS)` . Ehara i te mea ko ngā kaute katoa e tohu ana kei reira te mate pukupuku.
- He pai ngā hua o 'BI-RADS 1' me '2', kāore he mea hei manukanuka.
- Ko te tikanga o te `BI-RADS 0` he nui ake ngā mōhiohio e hiahiatia ana.
- Ko te tikanga o te "BI-RADS 3" he pai pea, engari me tirotiro anō e koe ā muri ake nei.
- Ko te tikanga o te 'BI-RADS 4', '5' rānei, he mea whakapae, nō reira me mahi he '(Biopsy)'. Ehara i te mea ko te 'BI-RADS 4' te tohu he matepukupuku.
- Ko te 'BI-RADS 6' he tohu e whakamahia ana mō te tangata kua mōhio kē kei te pāngia ia e te mate pukupuku.
Ko te mea nui ko te kōrero tuwhera ki tō tākuta mō te tohu "BI-RADS" me tōna tikanga mō tō āhua, ahakoa he aha te whakamātautau ū e mahia ana e koe. Ka taea e rātou te whakautu i ō pātai, i ō āwangawanga rānei.
He mea noa te manukanuka me te mataku mō ngā hua o ngā whakamātautau ka riro i a koe. Heoi, mā te mōhio ki ngā mōhiohio tika me te whai i ngā tohutohu a tō tākuta koe e āwhina ki te whakatau i ngā whakatau pai mō tō hauora.
` Matepukupuku ū, BI-RADS, mammogram, ultrasound, MRI, matawai ū, mōrearea matepukupuku
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