Kei roto i tō whakamātautau toto ngā "Pūtau Pahū"? Me kōrero tātou mō tēnei!

I ētahi wā ka kite pea koe i tētahi mea e kīia ana ko "Ngā Pūtau Pahū" i roto i tō pūrongo toto. He mea noa te māharahara ina kite koe. Ahakoa te rongonga i te kupu "pahū" ka mataku pea. Engari i mua i tō māharahara, me kōrero poto tātou mō te aha tonu o ēnei pūtau pahū, he aha rātou i hira ai ki ō tātou tinana, ā, he aha te mea ka tupu mēnā ka piki ake te maha?

He aha ngā pūtau pupuhi? Koinā anake ngā mea e hiahia ana koe ki te mōhio?

Ae, he mea nui kia mōhio koe ki tēnei. He kupu ngāwari, ko ngā pūtau pupuhi he momo pūtau taitamariki kāore anō kia tino whanake, kāore anō kia tino whanake, i roto i tō tātou tinana. Koinei ngā pūtau e whakaputa ana i ngā momo pūtau rerekē i roto i tō tātou tinana. Engari ki te whiwhi koe i tētahi pūrongo taiwhanga e kī ana "pūpū", ko te tikanga he pūtau toto kāore anō kia tino pakari. Nā te mea ka whakamahia e ngā tohunga toto me ngā tohunga mate pukupuku ngā mea pēnei i te maha o ngā pūtau pupuhi i roto i ō toto hei tātaritanga i ētahi mate e pā ana ki te toto, pēnei i te mate toto toto nui.

Mena he rerekē te āhua o ngā pūtau pupuhi, he nui rānei i roto i tō toto, he tohu pea tēnei nō te mate pukupuku toto. Nā reira me āwangawanga koe mō tēnei.

Nā, he aha te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā pūtau take toto me ngā pūtau pahū?

Ahakoa te āhua uaua o tēnei, he tino māmā noa iho. Whakaarohia, he wāhanga nui ēnei e rua i roto i te whanaketanga o ō tātou pūtau.

He rite ngā pūtau toto take ki ngā pūtau whaea e whakaputa ana i ngā momo pūtau katoa.

Ka whanake ngā pūtau pahū mai i ēnei pūtau take. Ka kiia hoki rātou he pūtau "tūpuna" he "pūtau mua" rānei. Arā, he wāhanga "mua" i mua i te whanaketanga o tētahi pūtau tino pakeke. Kāore i rite ki te pūtau take, kua whakatauhia kētia te pūtau pahū kia noho hei momo pūtau motuhake. He rite ki te haere ki te whare wānanga me te ako i ngā kaupapa whānui i te tuatahi, kātahi ka arotahi ki tētahi mara motuhake.

He aha ngā painga o ngā pūtau pahū ki tō tātou tinana?

He wāhanga tōmua noa iho te pūtau toto pahū. Kei te hanga tonu tō tinana i ngā pūtau toto hou (me ngā pūtau toto pahū) hei whakakapi i ngā pūtau tawhito. Ko te tikanga o tēnei tukanga hanga toto ko te hematopoiesis . I te nuinga o te wā ka tupu tēnei i roto i tō hinu wheua .

Kei roto i tō hinu wheua, he pūtau take noa e kiia nei ko te "pūtau take hematopoietic" (HSC). Mā tēnei ka puta ake ngā momo matua e rua o ngā pūtau pupuhi:

• Myeloblast: I ahu mai tēnei momo pūtau pupuhi iKa whakaputaina ngā toto whero, ngā toto mā (hei tauira, ngā granulocytes, ngā monocytes, ngā neutrophils, ngā basophils, me ngā eosinophils), me ngā platelets.
• Lymphoblast: Ka puta ake i tēnei momo pūtau pupuhi ngā lymphocytes, he momo toto mā.

Ka wehe atu ngā pūtau toto kua tino whanake, kua pakari i te hinu wheua, ka haere mā roto i ō toto. Heoi, ko ngā pūtau toto pupuhi e whanake tonu ana, nō roto i tō hinu wheua, ehara i te toto. Koia te take he raruraru pea te pūrongo taiwhanga e whakaatu ana i ngā pūtau toto pupuhi i roto i ō toto.

He aha i nui haere ai ēnei pūtau pahū? He aha te hē?

Ki te whakaatu mai tētahi pūrongo taiwhanga he nui ngā pūtau pahū i roto i tō hinu wheua, i tō toto rānei, he tohu pea tēnei nō te mate pukupuku toto, pērā i te mate toto totohu. Ina koa mēnā he āhua rerekē ngā pūtau ina tirohia i raro i te karuārai. I te nuinga o te wā, 5% noa iho o ngā pūtau toto katoa i roto i tō hinu wheua he pūtau pahū. Kāore i te pai te whai pūtau pahū i roto i tō toto.

He maha ngā take matua e piki ake ai ngā pūtau pupuhi:

• Te mate pūkahukahu myeloid whakapeka (AML)
• Te mate Myelodysplastic (MDS)
• Te mate pūkahukahu myeloid mau tonu (CML)
• Te mate toto toto nui whakapeka (ALL)
• Ētahi āhuatanga me ngā maimoatanga kore-matepukupuku

Kia tirohia tātou ia o ēnei me ētahi atu taipitopito.

Kia ako tātou mō te Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

I te nuinga o te wā, ina kōrero ngā tākuta mō ngā pūtau pahū, ko te mate pukupuku myeloid acute (AML) tā rātou e kōrero nei. He momo mate pukupuku tino kaha te AML e tere horapa ana. Nō reira, he mea tino nui kia tātaritatia te mate me te tīmata wawe i te maimoatanga. He huarahi nui te whakamātautau mō ēnei pūtau pahū ki te kite wawe i te mate.

I roto i te AML, ka kohikohi ngā pūtau pahū rerekē i roto i tō hinu wheua ka turuturu ki roto i ō toto. Ko te nuinga o ēnei he momo pūtau e kiia nei ko ngā myeloblast. Kua rite ēnei ki te huri hei pūtau toto mā (granulocytes) i mua i te huri hei pūtau matepukupuku.

Nā te mea he koretake, he rerekē hoki ēnei pūtau pupuhi, kāore e whai hua ana mō te tinana. Engari, he nui te wāhi e nohoia ana e rātou i roto i te hinu wheua, ā, ka aukati i tō tinana ki te hanga i ngā pūtau toto hou, hauora e hiahiatia ana e ia. Ki te kore ngā pūtau toto kua pakari, e mahi tika ana, kāore e taea e tō tinana te mahi noa.

Mena he 20%, neke atu rānei ngā pūtau pahū i roto i tō hinu wheua, i tō toto rānei, he tohu tēnei nō te AML.

He aha te Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)?

Ko te mate Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) he momo mate pukupuku toto anō hoki. Ko te mea e tupu ana i konei, kāore ngā pūtau pupuhi e whanake hei pūtau toto noa. He maha ngā wā ka mate ēnei pūtau pupuhi i mua i te pakeketanga tika. Ahakoa he nui rawa ngā pūtau pupuhi, ina he iti rawa ngā pūtau pakeke ka taea te mahi i tā rātou mahi, ka puta pea ngā raruraru pēnei i te anemia. Waihoki, ka pāngia pea koe e ngā mate maha (nā te iti o ngā pūtau toto mā) ka tere te toto, ka ngawari rānei te maru (nā te iti o ngā pereti toto).

Mena kei roto i tō hinu wheua te 5% me te 20% o ngā pūtau pahū, he tohu tēnei nō te mate e kiia nei ko te `MDS`. Tata ki te 30% o te hunga whai `MDS` ka pāngia e te `AML`.

Me titiro hoki tātou ki te Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML).

Ko te mate pukupuku toto roa (mau tonu) te mate pukupuku myeloid myeloid (CML) . Ka piki ake hoki te maha o ngā pūtau pupuhi i roto i te hinu wheua, i te toto rānei. Ka whakarōpūhia e ngā tākuta te kaha o te mate i runga i te taumata o tō pūtau pupuhi:

• Wāhanga Mau tonu o te CML: He iti iho i te 10% o ngā pūtau i roto i tō toto, i tō hinu wheua rānei, he pūtau pahū.
• Wāhanga Whakateretere CML: I waenga i te 10% me te 19% o ngā pūtau i roto i ō toto he pūtau pupuhi.
• CML Wāhanga Pūnga (raruraru pūnga): Neke atu i te 20% o ngā pūtau i roto i ō toto he pūtau pūnga. He rite tēnei ki te AML.

He aha te Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)?

Ko te mate pukupuku toto toto nui (ALL) te momo mate pukupuku tino noa i roto i ngā tamariki. I roto i te ALL, ka puta mai i te hinu wheua ngā pūtau rerekē (matepukupuku) e kiia nei ko ngā lymphoblast. Ka tere te wehewehe o ēnei pūtau rerekē, ā, ka hanga i ngā tārua maha o rātou anō. Nā tēnei ka uaua ake te hanga e te hinu wheua ngā pūtau noa e hiahiatia ana e tō tinana.

I roto i ngā pūtau toto katoa, neke atu i te 20% o ngā pūtau toto i roto i tō hinu wheua he pūtau pupuhi. Ko te nuinga o te hunga kua kitea he mate (tata ki te 90%) he pūtau pupuhi anō hoki kei roto i ō rātou toto.

Ka taea e ngā pūtau pahū te whakanui ake nā ētahi atu take ehara i te mate pukupuku?

Āe, he mea tino nui tēnei. Kaua e whakaaro ko te mate pukupuku te hua o tētahi pūrongo taiwhanga e whakaatu ana i ngā pūtau pupuhi nui. Ka taea hoki e ētahi āhuatanga me ngā take ehara i te mate pukupuku te whakanui ake i ngā pūtau pupuhi mō te wā poto. Ko ētahi tauira ko:

• Ngā mate urutā kino: Ki te pāngia tō tinana e tētahi mate kino, pērā i te mate urutā kino (sepsis), ka taea e ngā pūtau pupuhi te tomo ki te toto.
• Maimoatanga Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF): Tērā pea ka kitea tonu ngā pūtau pupuhi i roto i te toto i muri i te whiwhinga i tētahi momo werohanga e kiia nei ko te G-CSF. Ka whakaohokia e ēnei werohanga tō hinu wheua kia whakaputa ake i ngā pūtau toto mā hei tiaki i a koe mai i ngā mate. Tērā pea ka hiahiatia ēnei mēnā kei te whiwhi koe i te chemotherapy, mēnā rānei he iti tō tau o ngā pūtau toto mā (neutropenia).
• Ngā whakawhitinga pūtau take: Mena kua whai whakawhitinga pūtau take koe hei rongoā mō tētahi mate hauora, tera pea ka piki ake te maha o ngā pūtau pahū. Tērā pea e hiahiatia ana ngā whakawhitinga pūtau take mō ngā mate pēnei i ngā mate toto, te mate pukupuku, ngā mate pūnaha ārai mate rānei e kore ai e taea e tō tinana te hanga pūtau toto noa.

Engari ko te mea nui, he rerekē ki ngā pūtau pahū e pā ana ki te mate pukupuku, ko ngā pūtau pahū e kitea ana i roto i ēnei take he āhua hauora te āhua i raro i te karuārai. Ka taea hoki e rātou te whanake hei pūtau toto noa. I roto i te wā, ka heke iho tēnei tau.

Me pēhea te tirotiro tika i te taumata o ngā pūtau pahū? He aha aua whakamātautau?

He maha ngā whakamātautau e whakaatu ana i ngā taumata o ngā pūtau pupuhi:

• Te whakamātautau toto ā-taha (PBS): E whakaatu ana tēnei whakamātautau i te aroaro o ngā pūtau pupuhi i roto i ō toto. I roto i te PBS, ka tirohia e te tohunga mate tētahi tauira o ō toto i raro i te karuārai hei tirotiro mēnā he nui rawa ngā pūtau pupuhi, mēnā rānei he āhua rerekē.
• Ngā whakamātautau hinu wheua: Mā ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga e mahia ana i muri i te koiora hinu wheua, i te tangohanga rānei, ka taea te tautuhi i ngā pūtau pupuhi i roto i te hinu wheua. Kei roto pea i ēnei ko ngā whakamātautau pēnei i te flow cytometry, te immunohistochemistry, te fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) rānei hei rapu i ngā huringa ira i roto i ngā pūtau .
• Me whai tatau toto katoa (CBC) me te rerekētanga hei tirotiro i te tatau o ō toto whero me ō toto mā me te tatau o ngā pereti toto, i te mea ka heke te maha o ngā toto hauora i te pikinga ake o te maha o ngā pūtau pahū.

Ka whakaarohia e ngā tākuta ngā hua me ngā āhuatanga maha o ngā whakamātautau i mua i te tātaritanga i tētahi mate pēnei i te leukemia. Kāore rātou e whakatau nui i runga i te whakamātautau kotahi anake.

Hei whakamutunga, ētahi mea hei maumahara

Ko te mea nui kia kaua e mataku ina kite koe i te kupu "blasts" i roto i tō pūrongo taiwhanga.He pono ko te whai pūtau pupuhi i roto i ō toto he tohu pea mō tētahi mate kino. Engari kei tō hauora te āhua. I ētahi wā, he wā poto noa te pikinga o ngā pūtau pupuhi. Ka heke te maha i roto i te wā. I ētahi wā, he tohu pea mō tētahi mea kino ake, pērā i te mate toto toto nui. Ko tō tākuta anake ka taea te whakamārama tika i te tikanga o ō hua mō tō hauora. Nō reira, ki te mea he pātai āu, kaua e mangere ki te pātai ki tō tākuta.

Ngā pūtau pahū, te mate pukupuku toto, te hinu wheua, ngā whakamātautau toto, ngā pūtau, te hauora