Ki te pātai mai tētahi ki a koe, "He aha tō momo toto?", ka whai whakautu koe? E mōhio ana ētahi, engari kāore te nuinga i te tino mōhio. He mea nui te mōhio ki tō momo toto i ēnei rā. Whakaarohia, mēnā ka pā mai he aituā, he pokanga, he wā e hapu ana rānei, ka āwhina pea tēnei kōrero iti nei ki te whakaora i tō ora. Nō reira, kaua e manukanuka, i tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō te kaupapa o ngā momo toto i roto i tētahi huarahi māmā e mārama ai te katoa.
He aha rawa te momo toto?
He māmā noa iho, ko te momo toto he huarahi hei whakarōpū i te hototahi o tō toto ki te toto o tētahi atu tangata. He rite ki te whai rahi mō ngā kākahu.
Ko te nuinga o tēnei whakarōpūtanga e pāngia ana e ngā momo pūmua motuhake e rua kei runga i te mata o ō toto toto whero. I roto i te rongoā, ka kiia ēnei he antigens . Whakaarohia rātou he tohu ingoa iti e piri ana ki ngā toto toto whero. Ko ēnei momo tohu ingoa e rua ko te antigen 'A' me te antigen 'B' .
E whā ngā momo toto matua e ahu mai ana i te mea kei reira ēnei antigens, me te mea hoki he aha rātou.
- Momo A: Ko te ira A anake kei roto i ngā toto whero.
- Momo B: Kei roto ko te ira B anake.
- Momo AB: Kei roto ngā ira A me B.
- Momo O: Ehara i te momo ira A, i te momo ira B rānei.
Hei tāpiritanga, tētahi atu mea nui anō hoki, ko te take Rh . He pūmua anō tēnei kei te mata o ngā toto whero.
- Mena kei roto i tō toto tēnei take Rh, ko te momo toto o tō toto he pai (+) .
- Mena kāore he take Rh, he kino (-) te momo toto.
Ina honoa ēnei e rua, ka hangaia ngā momo toto matua e 8 kua rongohia e tātou katoa:
1. He Pai (A+)
2. He Kino (A-)
3. B Pai (B+)
4. B Kino (B-)
5. AB Pai (AB+)
6. AB Kino (AB-)
7. O Pai (O+)
8. Ō Kino (Ō-)
He aha i tika ai kia ōrite ngā momo toto?
Koinei te mea tino nui. Ina hoatu toto ki tētahi tangata (whakawhiti toto), he mea nui kia ōrite ngā momo toto o te kaituku me te kaiwhiwhi.
Whakaarohia tō tinana he whenua kei a ia he pūnaha ārai pai. Ko tō pūnaha ārai mate te ope taua o taua whenua. Ka mōhio tēnei ope taua ki ia pūtau o te tinana. Heoi, ki te kite ia i tētahi mea ehara i te mea nō te tinana, engari nō waho (pēnei i te iroriki), ka whakaekea e tēnei ope taua, ka whakangaromia.
Ka pērā anō te āhua ina uru mai tētahi momo toto rerekē ki te tinana. Hei tauira, ki te hoatu he toto momo 'B' ki tētahi tangata he toto momo 'A', ka mōhio te pūnaha ārai mate o te tangata he toto momo 'A' ki ngā toto toto 'B' e haere mai ana hei hoariri. Kātahi ka whakaekea, ka whakangaromia hoki aua toto toto 'B'. Ka tino kino tēnei tauhohenga, ka pāngia e te ngoikore o te whatukuhu, ka uaua te manawa, ā, i ētahi wā ka mate.
Koia te take i mua i te tuku toto, ka āta tirohia e ngā tākuta me ngā tohunga o te pēke toto mēnā he hototahi ngā momo toto.
| Tō Momo Toto | Ngā Momo Toto Ka Taea e Koe te Whiwhi |
|---|---|
| A+ | A+, A-, Ō+, Ō- |
| A- | A-, O- |
| B+ | B+, B-, O+, O- |
| B- | B-, O- |
| AB+ | Ngā momo toto katoa (Kaiwhiwhi Ao Whānui) |
| AB- | AB-, A-, B-, Ō- |
| O+ | O+, O- |
| O- | O- anake . Engari ka taea e te tangata katoa te tuku toto (Kaihoko Ao Whānui) |
Ko wai tēnei 'Kaituku Ao Whānui' me te 'Kaiwhiwhi Ao Whānui'?
Ko te momo toto O-kino (O-) e kiia ana ko te "Kaihoko Ao Whānui" . Arā, ka taea te hoatu toto momo O- ki tētahi tangata he momo toto ahakoa pēhea. Nā te mea kāore i roto i aua pūtau toto tētahi o ngā antigens A, B, Rh rānei i kōrerohia e tātou. Nō reira, kāore te tinana o te tangata e whiwhi ana i te toto e mōhio he hoariri. Ina kawea mai tētahi ki te ETU (Emergency Treatment Unit) i muri i tētahi aituā, ā, kāore he wā hei whakamātautau i te momo toto, he maha ngā wā ka hoatu e ngā tākuta he toto O-.
Ko te momo toto AB pai (AB+) e kiia ana ko te "Kaiwhiwhi Ao Whānui." Ko te tikanga tēnei ka taea e te tangata he momo toto AB+ te whiwhi toto mai i tētahi momo toto. Nā te mea kei roto i ō rātou toto ngā antigens e toru, arā, A, B, me Rh, ka whakaaetia e rātou tētahi momo toto mai i waho hei "nō rātou ake".
He aha te hiranga o te momo toto i te wā e hapu ana?
He mea tino nui kia mōhio te whaea hapū ki tōna momo toto, inā koa te take Rh.
Hei tauira, mēnā he Rh kino (-) te momo toto o te whaea, engari he Rh pai (+) te momo toto o te pāpā, ko te momo toto o te pēpi i roto i te kōpū he Rh pai (+). Mēnā ka whakaranua te toto o te whaea me te pēpi i tētahi ara (ina koa i te wā e whānau ana), ka mōhio te tinana o te whaea ki ngā toto Rh pai o te pēpi hei "hoariri". Kātahi ka tīmata te hanga paturopi hei ārai i a rātou.
Kāore pea tēnei e pā nui ki te hāputanga tuatahi. Heoi, ki te hapu tuaruatia he pēpi Rh-pai, ka taea e ngā paturopi i hangaia e te tinana o te whaea te whiti i te whenua whānau ka tīmata ki te whakangaro i ngā toto whero o te pēpi. He tino morearea tēnei mō te pēpi.
Kaua e manukanuka ki tēnei. Ina kite koe i tētahi tākuta i a koe e hapū ana, ko tētahi o ngā whakamātautau tuatahi ka mahia e koe ko te tirotiro i tō momo toto. Mena he Rh kino tōu, ka aro nui tō tākuta ki tēnā. I roto i ēnei āhuatanga, ka hoatu he kano ārai mate e kiia nei ko te Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) i te wā tika hei ārai i te kino o ngā pūtau toto o te pēpi.
Me pēhea taku mōhio ki te momo toto o taku tinana?
He maha ngā huarahi hei kimi i tō momo toto.
- Pātai atu ki tō tākuta: Mena kua whakamātauria tō toto i mua mō tētahi take, tera pea kua tuhia tō momo toto ki roto i ō pūkete hauora.
- Koha toto:Koinei te huarahi pai rawa atu, te huarahi tino whai hua hoki. Ina koha toto koe, ka whakamātautau kore utu te Ratonga Whakawhiti Toto ā-Motu i tō momo toto, ka hoatu hoki he kāri ki a koe. Mā tēnei, ka taea e koe te mōhio ki tō momo toto, ā, ka taea hoki e koe te whakaora i te ora o tētahi.
- Whakamātautauhia tō momo toto: Ka taea e koe te kimi i tō momo toto mā te hoatu i tētahi tauira toto i tētahi hōhipera, i tētahi taiwhanga tūmataiti rānei.
I te nuinga o te wā, kāore te momo toto o te tangata e rerekē puta noa i te oranga. Heoi, i roto i ngā wā tino onge, pērā i te whakawhitinga wheua, i roto rānei i ētahi āhuatanga hauora pērā i te leukemia, ka rerekē pea te momo toto.
Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga
- He mea tino nui te mōhio ki tō momo toto i roto i tētahi āhuatanga ohorere, i te wā pokanga, i te wā rānei e tuku toto ana.
- Ka taea e te hunga he toto momo O kino (O-) te koha ki te tangata katoa (Kaihoko Ao), ko te hunga he toto momo AB pai (AB+) ka taea te koha ki tetahi momo toto (Kaiwhiwhi Ao).
- Mena kei te hapu koe, he mea nui kia whakamōhio atu koe ki tō tākuta mō tō momo toto, inā koa te take Rh (+/-).
- Ki te kore koe e mōhio ki tō momo toto, ka taea e koe te kimi mā te koha toto, mā te whakamātautau toto rānei.
- Mena he āwangawanga āu e pā ana ki ngā momo toto me te hauora, me rapu tohutohu i tētahi tākuta whai tohu.
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