Kei te pōuri haere tō tirohanga? Me kōrero tātou mō te katarata!

Kei te whakaaro koe i ētahi wā me te mea kei te titiro koe ki te ao mā roto i te matapihi paru? Kei te whakaaro rānei koe kei te kikorangi ō kanohi i ngā rama o mua ina taraiwa koe i te pō? Me nui ake pea te māramatanga hei pānui i te nūpepa. Ehara ēnei i te mea noa iho, kāore pea koe e mōhio kei te pāngia ō kanohi e te katarata . Kaua e manukanuka, ka kōrerohia e tātou tēnei i tēnei rā.

He aha ngā katarata?

I roto i ngā kupu māmā noa iho, he kiriata iti te katarata, he kapua rānei, e puta mai ana i runga i te karāhe o roto i tō kanohi. He mārama, he ngāwari hoki tō karāhe. Ko te nuinga o te wā he pūmua , inā koa ko ngā pūmua e kiia nei ko ngā tioata . I a tātou e pakeke haere ana, ka pakaru ēnei pūmua, ka hanga i ngā mea e kiia nei e tātou he kapua, he ira mā i runga i te karāhe. Koinei te mea e pā tika ana ki tō tirohanga.

I roto i te wā, ka kino haere tēnei āhuatanga, ā, ka kino haere pea tō tirohanga. Ka uaua pea te mahi i ngā mahi o ia rā, ahakoa ngā mahi tino taketake. E ai ki ngā tākuta, kāore e taea te karo i te mate katarata i te kaumātuatanga. Koia te take ko ngā katarata e pā ana ki te kaumātuatanga te momo tino noa o tēnei mate.

Kaua e manukanuka! Kāore koe e tatari kia memeha haere tō tirohanga. Ka taea e ngā tākuta kanohi te mahi pokanga hei tango i ēnei katarata me te whakahoki mai i tō tirohanga.

He rerekē ngā momo katarata?

Ae, he maha ngā momo katarata. Engari i roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka kōrerohia te nuinga o ngā katarata e puta mai ana i te kaumātuatanga. Me arotake hoki tātou i ētahi atu momo:

• Ngā katarata tamariki: Ka pā mai ēnei ki ngā pēpi me ngā tamariki nohinohi . Ka whānau mai pea ētahi pēpi me tēnei mate, ka puta rānei i muri tata mai i te whānautanga. I te nuinga o te wā, he mea tuku iho ēnei. Engari ka pā mai anō hoki i ngā whara kanohi, i ētahi atu mate kanohi rānei. Mena ka pā mai tēnei mate ki ngā pēpi me ngā tamariki nohinohi, me rongoā tonu. Ki te kore, ka pā mai pea ngā raruraru pēnei i te amblyopia , te 'kanohi mangere' rānei.
• Ngā katarata whara: Ka puta ēnei ina pāngia tō kanohi e tetahi mea. He uaua ake te rongoā i ēnei nā te mea ka pakaru pea ētahi atu wāhanga o te kanohi.
• Ngā katarata tuarua: Ko te pōuriuri o te arotahi kanohi ēnei, ehara i te arotahi tonu, engari ko te kāpū arotahi kanohi , arā, te kiriuhi e hipoki ana i te arotahi kanohi. Ko tētahi atu ingoa mō tēnei ko te whakapōuri o ngā kāpū arotahi kanohi o muri . He āhuatanga noa tēnei ka puta i muri i te pokanga katarata, engari he ngāwari noa te rongoā.

He aha ngā momo raruraru ka puta mai i te koroheketanga?

He maha ngā momo katarata ka puta i te pakeketanga. Ka tapaina ēnei i runga i te wāhi e hangaia ai i roto i te karu. Hei mārama ki tēnei, he mea āwhina kia whai whakaaro iti ki te Aufbau o tō karu.

Whakaarohia he rite tō karaihe whakapā ki te aporo:

• Pūtake: Kei waenganui o te arotahi tēnei, he rite ki te pū o te aporo.
• Uho: Koinei te paparanga e karapoti ana i te uho. He rite ki te uho o te aporo e kainga ana e tātou.
• Pūpū karu: Koinei te kiri angiangi e kapi ana i te kornea. Ehara i te mea he wāhanga o te karu tonu, engari he kiri tiaki i te taha o te kanohi, e kapi ana, e tiaki ana hoki i te karu. He rite ki te kiri o te āporo.

Ka whakarōpūhia e ngā tākuta kanohi ngā katarata i runga i te wāhi e puta ai i roto i te karu arotahi. He maha ngā wā ka pāngia te tangata e te neke atu i te kotahi momo i te wā kotahi. Nā te mea he mea noa te puta o ēnei ira kapua i ētahi wāhi o te karu arotahi. Ko ngā momo katarata e toru e tino kitea ana i a tātou e pakeke haere ana ko:

• Te katarata sclerotic nuclear: Ka puta tēnei i waenganui (nucleus) o te arotahi.
• Te katarata cortical: Ka puta tēnei i roto i te cortex.
• Te katarata subcapsular o muri: Ka puta tēnei i te tuara o te arotahi . Ko te tikanga o "Posterior" i konei ko "muri" o te arotahi. Arā, ko te wāhanga e tata ana ki tō retina (kei muri i te arotahi). Ko te tikanga o "Subcapsular" ka puta tēnei katarata i te taha o waho o te arotahi, i raro noa iho i te kāpū arotahi.

I tehea tau ka tīmata te puta o ngā katarata?

I te nuinga o te wā, ka tīmata te pakaru o ngā pūmua i roto i te karu o tō kanohi i te 40 tau te pakeke. Engari, kāore pea koe e kite i ngā tohu tae noa ki te 60 tau te pakeke, neke atu rānei. Heoi, ki te mea he mate tōu, pērā i te mate huka , tera pea ka pāngia koe e ngā tohu i mua atu.

E hia te auau o tēnei āhuatanga?

He tino noa te mate katarata i Sri Lanka me te ao katoa. E ai ki te World Health Organization, tata ki te 17% o te taupori o te ao he mate katarata e pā kino ana ki ō rātou tirohanga. Heoi, he rerekē tēnei tau i ia whenua, i ia rohe. He pono rawa tēnei i ngā whenua whai rawa waenga me ngā whenua whai rawa iti. Nā te mea he nui ake ngā tūponotanga mōrearea o aua tāngata, ā, he iti ake ngā whare rongoā mō te mate katarata.

I te Hononga o Amerika, 1 i roto i te 5 o ngā tāngata i waenga i te 65 me te 74 tau te pakeke he katarata e pā kino ana ki ō rātou tirohanga. Neke atu i te 50% o ngā tāngata neke atu i te 80 tau te pakeke he katarata, kua pokangahia rānei hei tango i aua katarata.

He aha ngā tohu o te katarata?

Mena he katarata tōu, tera pea ka pāngia koe e ngā tohu penei:

• He tirohanga e āhua kapua ana, e pōuriuri ana, e kohu ana rānei .
• Ngā panonitanga o te āhua o ngā tae (tērā pea ka memeha, ka iti rānei te kanapa o ngā tae).
• KanapaKa pāngia ngā kanohi e te hihi o te rā, ngā rama o te motuka, me te rama.
• Ka huri kikorangi ngā kanohi ina titiro ki te mārama, ka kite i ngā porowhita huri noa i ngā mārama, ā, ka kite i ngā rārangi.
• Te whakaiti i te tirohanga i te pō .
• He panonitanga ki te whakahaunga mō ngā mōhiti kanohi, inā koa te hekenga o te tirohanga tawhiti me te pikinga o te tirohanga tata .
• Me nui ake te māramatanga hei pānui.
• Tirohanga takirua .

Ka mamae te cataract?

Kāore e mamae te katarata i te nuinga o te wā, engari tera pea ka pāngia koe e te mamae ina ka tairongo haere ō kanohi.

He aha i puta ai ngā katarata?

Ko te tino take o te katarata ko te pakaru haere o ngā pūmua i roto i te karu o te kanohi. Heoi anō, ka piki ake pea te tūponotanga o te mate katarata i ētahi āhuatanga ira me te taiao i te wā o mua, i te wā rānei o muri ake i ētahi atu.

He aha ngā āhuatanga mōrearea e pā ana ki te whanaketanga o te katarata?

Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā āhuatanga mōrearea mō te whanaketanga o ngā katarata ki ngā wāhanga matua e toru: te taiao, te hauora, me te ira.

Ngā āhuatanga mōrearea taiao

Koinei ngā mea ka tūtaki koe ki te taiao e karapoti ana i a koe. I ētahi wā, he paitini ēnei ka manawahia e koe, ka horomia hoki. He kino ngā āhuatanga taiao nā te mea ka whakanui ake i te nui o ngā rauropi kore utu i roto i tō tinana, arā, he matūriki kore pumau e kino ai ngā pūtau hauora. Ka taea e ēnei rauropi kore utu te kino i ngā pūtau i roto i te karu o tō kanohi, ka puta ai te katarata.

Ko ngā āhuatanga mōrearea taiao ko:

• Te parahanga o te hau.
• Auahi tupeka .
• Waipiro.
• Ngā matū i tukuna mai i ngā wheketere.
• Patupatu pepeke.
• Te roa o te wā e pāngia ana e ngā hihi ultraviolet (rama UV) mai i te rā.
• Mena kua whiwhi koe i te rongoā irahiko ki te wāhanga o runga o tō tinana.

Mā te whakawhāiti i ēnei pānga ki te taiao ka āwhina pea ki te whakaroa i te whanaketanga o ngā katarata. Kei te rangahau tonu ngā kairangahau i te whai huatanga o ēnei tikanga ārai.

Ngā āhuatanga mōrearea hauora

Ko ngā āhuatanga hauora e whakanui ake ana i te mōrearea o te whakawhanake i ngā katarata ko:

• Te mate huka mellitus , te huka toto tiketike rānei.
• Kua oti ētahi pokanga kanohi, pērā i te glaucoma.
• Te whakamahinga o ngā corticosteroids hei rongoā mō ētahi āhuatanga (hei tauira, te rumatiki rheumatoid).
• Kei a koe ētahi mate kanohi, pērā i te Retina pigmentosa , te Uveitis rānei.

Ngā āhuatanga mōrearea ira

Mena he mate katarata tō tētahi o tō whānau, he nui ake tō tūponotanga ki te pāngia e ēnei mate. Ka taea e ētahi whakarerekētanga ira te whakararu i ngā katarata whānau. Mō ngā katarata e pā ana ki te kaumātuatanga, ka taea e ngā whakarerekētanga ira te whakararu i tō karu ki ngā āhuatanga mōrearea taiao. Kei te haere tonu ngā kairangahau ki te rangahau i ēnei hononga.

Nō reira, ahakoa kāore e taea te whakarerekē i tō mōrearea ira, he mea nui kia mōhio koe ki te hītori hauora o tō whānau, ā, kia whakapuakina atu ki tō tākuta.

Me pēhea koe e mōhio ai mēnā he katarata tōu?

Mā te whakamātautau kanohi whānui ka tātarihia e ngā tākuta kanohi te katarata. Ka tirotirohia ō kanohi e tō tākuta kia kite ai mēnā he tohu o te katarata, me te kaha o aua tohu. Ka pātai atu hoki rātou mō tō tirohanga, tō hītori hauora, me te mea kāore tō tirohanga i te pai pērā i mua, ā, ka uaua ki te mahi i ō mahi o ia rā.

Ko ngā whakamātautau motuhake e whakamahia ana hei kite i te katarata ko:

• Whakamātautau rama kutikuti.
• Whakamātautau tirohanga.

He aha te rongoā pai rawa atu mō te katarata?

Ko te pokanga katarata anake te huarahi hei tango i te katarata me te whakahoki mai i tō tirohanga mārama. I te wā o te pokanga katarata, ka tangohia e te tohunga kanohi tō karāhe tūturu kapua, ka whakakapia ki tētahi karāhe horihori (kanāhe kanohi-roto - IOL) . Ko te IOL he karāhe horihori kua whakatōkia tūturu ki roto i tō kanohi. He maha ngā momo IOL, ā, ka taea e tō tākuta te kōrero ki a koe mō ēnei.

Ko te painga matua o te IOL he mārama rite tonu ki tō karāhe mata tūturu. Ko tētahi atu painga ko te taea e ia te whakatika i ngā hapa tirohanga , arā, ētahi atu take mō te mau mōhiti. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ka taea e koe te whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā mōhiti, ngā karāhe whakapā rānei i muri i te pokanga.

He mea mōrearea te pokanga katarata?

Ko te pokanga katarata tētahi o ngā pokanga haumaru me te tino noa o te ao. Kāore te nuinga o te tangata e pāngia e ngā raruraru nui. Heoi, he mea nui kia mōhio ki ngā tūponotanga katoa, pērā i te wehenga o te retina me te mate.

Ka taea e ētahi mate kanohi, ētahi atu āhuatanga hauora rānei te whakanui ake i te mōrearea o ngā raruraru. Nō reira, me kōrero koe ki tō tākuta mō te taumata mōrearea o tō ake tangata i mua i te pokanga. Pātai atu hoki me pēhea te rongoā i ngā raruraru ka pā mai.

Kia pēhea te roa o te wā e ora ai i muri i te pokanga?

Tērā pea ka pāngia koe e te mamae me te kore whakamarie i muri i te pokanga. Ka hoatu e tō tākuta he rongoā whakamamae hei tango māu mō te rā tuatahi, e rua rānei.

E whā ki te waru wiki pea te roa hei whakaora katoa, engari ka tīmata koe ki te kite i te whakapainga o tō tirohanga i te wā wawe atu. Mā tō tākuta koe e kī atu āhea te wā haumaru ki te hoki anō ki ō mahi o ia rā.

He aha ngā mea hei tumanako atu mēnā he katarata tōu?

Mā te tākuta kanohi, mā te tākuta kanohi rānei koe e āwhina ki te kōrero tika mō tō āhua. Ka tirohia ō kanohi, ka aromatawaihia hoki te kaha o te katarata kei a koe.

I ngā wāhanga tōmua, kāore pea koe e hiahia ki te pokanga. Tērā pea he iti noa ngā panonitanga o tō tirohanga. Engari i te tipu haere o te katarata i roto i te wā, ka kitea pea ngā tohu. Mēnā ka tīmata ō tohu ki te whakararuraru i tō oranga o ia rā, ka tūtohu pea tō tākuta kia pokanga koe hei āwhina i a koe ki te haere tonu i ō mahi o ia rā me te haumaru.

Ka taea te ārai i te katarata?

He wāhanga noa te katarata o te koroheketanga. Heoi, he iti noa ngā mea ka taea e koe te mahi hei tiaki i te hauora o ō kanohi, hei whakaroa pea i te tukanga:

• Kaua e momi hikareti. Ka whakanui ake te morearea o te katarata i te momi hikareti. Mena he kai momi hikareti koe i tēnei wā, pātai atu ki tō tākuta kia āwhina koe ki te whakamutu.
• Tiakina ō kanohi i te rā. Mauria he mōhiti kanohi, he mōhiti rānei he paninga ārai-UV. He āwhina anō hoki te mau i tētahi pōtae he pari tōna.
• Me tirotiro kanohi i ia wā. Pātai atu ki tō tākuta kia hia te auau o tō haerenga mai ki te tirotiro. Kaua e mahue ngā rā o tō whakamātautau, ā, me kōrero ki tō tākuta mēnā he tohu hou, he tohu rerekē rānei kei a koe.

He aha ngā mea ka taea e te tangata he katarata te mahi hei tiaki i a ia anō?

Mena he katarata tōu, he maha ngā mea ka taea e koe te mahi hei tiaki i a koe anō. Anei ētahi o aua mea:

• Mauria he mōhiti kanohi porowhita hei whakaiti i te kanapa i te rā kanapa.
• Whakamahia he karāhe whakanui hei āwhina i a koe ki te pānui.
• Kia pai ake ai te titiro i a koe e pānui ana, tāpirihia he pūrama kanapa ake ki roto i ā koutou rama.
• Ki te mea ka kikorangi ō kanohi i ngā rama i a koe e taraiwa ana i te pō, kāore he aha, engari ki te mea he raruraru, ngana kia kaua e taraiwa i te pō .
• Tirohia tō tākuta kanohi kia rite ki tāna wātaka, ā, whakahoutia ō mōhiti mēnā e tika ana.
• Kia mau tonu te whakahaere i ngā mate hauora o roto, pērā i te mate huka .

Āhea ahau me toro atu ki te tākuta?

Mena kei a koe ngā tohu o te katarata, ki te kite rānei koe i ētahi huringa o tō tirohanga, toro atu ki tō tākuta. Ko ngā raruraru pēnei i te tirohanga pōuri he tohu pea mō ētahi atu mate kanohi, tae atu ki te katarata. Nō reira, he mea nui kia toro atu koe ki te tākuta kia kitea ai te pūtake o ō tohu, kia whiwhi ai hoki i te maimoatanga tika.

Āhea koe me haere ki te Wāhanga Maimoatanga Ohotata (ETU) ?

Te wehenga o te retinaMena ka puta ngā tohu, rapua tonutia he awhina hauora ohorere. He raruraru onge engari he kino tēnei ka puta i muri i te pokanga katarata. E pāngia ana te 1 i roto i te 100 tāngata. Ko ngā tohu whakatūpato:

• Kātahi ka tīmata te kite i ngā mea e mānu ana me ngā hihi mārama i mua i ō kanohi.
• Te kite i te māramatanga me ō kanohi e tuwhera ana, e katia ana rānei.
• Te kare o te atarangi, o te mata rānei e horapa ana puta noa i tō tirohanga.

He aha ngā pātai me pātai atu koe ki tō tākuta kanohi?

Anei ētahi pātai ka hiahia pea koe ki te pātai atu ki tō tākuta:

• He tohu kei a au mō te katarata?
• He pēhea te kaha o te katarata?
• He aha te momo, ā, kei hea rātou e tū ana i runga i taku karāhe whakapā?
• Ka pāngia ōku kanohi e rua?
• Āhea koe e whakaaro ai ka hiahiatia he pokanga?
• He aha ngā mōrearea ka pā mai ki ahau mai i te pokanga?
• He aha te momo IOL e pai ana mōku?
• Me aha ahau kia pai ake ai te āhua i mua i taku pokanga?
• He aha ngā huringa āhua noho me mahi e au?

Ahakoa he wāhanga noa o te koroheketanga te katarata, ehara i te mea ahuareka te whiwhinga o te tātaritanga mō tēnei mate. Mā te whakaaro ki te pokanga kanohi ka mataku koe, ka āwangawanga hoki mō te āhua o tō tirohanga i muri i te pokanga.

Kaua e manukanuka rawa. Kia maumahara, ko te pokanga katarata tētahi o ngā pokanga tino noa, tino noa hoki o te ao. Tērā pea e mōhio ana koe ki tētahi tangata kua pokangahia, ā, he tangata pai pea rātou hei kōrero atu mōna. Kōrero ki a rātou, pātai atu hoki mō ō rātou wheako. Engari kaua e pēhia, kaua hoki e tere ki te pokanga. Kōrero ki tō tākuta, ā, whakatauhia te wā e pai ana mōu.

Hei whakamutunga, ngā mea hei maumahara

Nō reira, ahakoa he mea ka puta mai te katarata i te kaumātuatanga, ehara i te mea hei wareware noa iho. Ki te mea kei te heke haere tō tirohanga, kaua e mataku, engari me toro atu ki tētahi tākuta kanohi . Ki te kitea wawetia, ka taea e koe te whiwhi i te maimoatanga e tika ana, ā, ka ora noa koe i tō oranga, me te tirohanga mārama. He mea tino nui kia tirotirohia ō kanohi i te wā tika, kia tiakina hoki ō kanohi . Kia mahara, ko ō kanohi te taonga tino nui hei kite i te ao!

` Kataract, ngoikore o te tirohanga, karāhe kanohi, pokanga kanohi, koroheketanga, hauora kanohi