Kia ako tātou i ngā mea katoa mō te Mate Huka Mellitus i roto i te huarahi māmā, tika hoki!

He mate te mate huka e kōrerohia ana e te tini o te tangata i ēnei rā, ā, tera pea he mea whakamataku ki roto i tō hinengaro. E kīia ana hoki e ētahi ko te 'mate huka'. He aha rawa te mate huka? Me kōrero mārama tātou, i roto i te huarahi e mārama ai koe. Kaua e mataku, ina mārama koe ki tēnei mate, ehara i te mea nui te whakahaere.

He whakarāpopototanga noa iho, ko te mate huka he āhuatanga e teitei tonu ana te taumata o te huka toto ( te hukahuka rānei). Ka puta tēnei nā te mea kāore e nui te hanga o te homoni insulin e tō repe taiaki, nā te mea rānei kāore ngā pūtau o tō tinana e aro tika ki te insulin e hangaia ana e ia. Ka taea te whanake i ngā tau katoa. He maha ngā momo mate huka e mau tonu ana mō te wā katoa (he roa tonu), engari ka taea te whakahaere i ngā momo katoa mā te rongoā me ngā huringa momo noho.

Ko te nuinga o te huka, te huka rānei, e riro mai ana i ō tātou tinana mai i ngā kai e kainga ana e tātou, inā koa ngā kai kei roto ngā warowaihā (pēnei i te raihi, te taro, me ngā mea reka). Ko tēnei huka te wahie matua e homai ana i te pūngao ki ngā pūtau o tō tātou tinana. He rite ki te penehīni mō te motuka. Nō reira, me haere tēnei huka ki roto i ngā pūtau mai i te toto hei hanga pūngao. Whakaarohia te huka hei tangata e ngana ana ki te tomo ki roto i tētahi whare, ā, me whai kī hei tomo ki roto i taua whare. Ko taua kī ko te insulin. Ko tēnei homoni e kiia nei ko te insulin ka hangaia e tō tātou okana e kiia nei ko te pancreas.

Nā, ki te kore e nui te insulin e hangaia e tō repe taiaki, ki te mea rānei e nui ana, engari kāore ngā pūtau o tō tinana e whakatuwhera tika i te tatau (arā, kāore e aro tika ki te insulin), kāore e taea e taua huka te uru ki roto i ngā pūtau. Kātahi ka kohia katoatia taua huka ki roto i te toto, ā, ka piki noa te taumata huka toto. Koinei te mea e kiia nei e tātou ko te huka toto tiketike (hyperglycemia) .

Mena ka noho teitei tonu te taumata o te huka toto mō te wā roa, ka pā mai he maha ngā raruraru hauora, pērā i te mate manawa, te kino o ngā io, me ngā raruraru kanohi.

Ko te ingoa hauora mō te mate huka ko te Mate Huka . Tērā tētahi atu mate kei roto te kupu 'mate huka', ko te Mate Huka Insipidus te ingoa. Engari he tino rerekē i te mate huka e kōrerohia nei e tātou. Kua hoatu te ingoa 'mate huka' ki ngā mea e rua nā te mea ka nui te matewai me te mimi pinepine e puta mai ana i a rāua. Heoi, he tino onge te Mate Huka Insipidus.

Ngā Momo Mate Huka Noa

Āe, me titiro tātou ki ngā momo matua o te mate huka. Kua rongo pea koe i ēnei ingoa.

Mate Huka Momo 2

Koinei te momo mate huka tino noa. Ka puta mai ina kore e nui te insulin e hangaia e tō tinana, kāore rānei ngā pūtau o tō tinana e aro tika ki te insulin. Ka kiia tēnei he ātete insulin.Whakaarohia kei a koe te kī, engari kua waikura te raka o te tatau, ā, kāore e mahi tika ana. Ko te nuinga o tēnei ka pā ki ngā pakeke, engari i ētahi wā ka pā anō hoki ki ngā tamariki nohinohi.

Te mate huka i mua i te mate huka

He wāhanga tēnei i mua i te whanaketanga o te Mate Huka Momo 2. He teitei ake ō taumata huka toto i te mea noa, engari kāore i te tino teitei hei tautuhi i te mate Huka Momo 2. He rite ki te rama kōwhai, he tohu whakatūpato . Ki te whakahaere tika koe i tēnei wāhanga, ka taea e koe te ārai, te whakaroa rānei i te whanaketanga o te Mate Huka Momo 2.

Mate Huka Momo 1

He mate pūnaha ārai mate tēnei. Arā, ko te pūnaha ārai mate o tō tinana, mō tētahi take kāore i te mōhiotia, ka whakaeke, ka whakangaro hoki i ngā pūtau whakaputa insulin i roto i tō repeure. He rite ki tā tātou ake ope taua e whakaeke ana i tō tātou ake puni. Tata ki te 10% o te hunga mate huka he mate huka tēnei. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka kitea i roto i ngā tamariki me ngā taiohi, engari ka taea te whanake i ngā tau katoa.

Mate huka hāputanga

He momo mate huka tēnei ka pā ki ētahi wāhine i te wā e hapu ana. He maha ngā wā ka memeha haere i muri i te whānautanga o te pēpi. Heoi, ki te pāngia koe e te mate huka i te wā e hapu ana, ka nui ake tō tūponotanga ki te pāngia koe e te mate huka momo 2 i muri mai.

Ētahi atu momo mate huka

Haunga ēnei momo matua, he maha atu anō ngā momo mate huka. He onge ake te kitea, engari he mea pai kia mōhio koe ki ēnei.

• Mate Huka Momo 3c: Ka puta tēnei ina he kino (ehara i te kino ā-pūnaha) ki tō repe taiaki, ka pā ki tōna kaha ki te hanga insulin. Hei tauira, ko ngā mate pēnei i te pancreatitis, te mate pukupuku repe taiaki, te cystic fibrosis, me te hemochromatosis ka puta ai tēnei āhuatanga. Ka puta anō hoki tēnei momo mate huka mēnā ka tangohia te repe taiaki mā te pokanga (pancreatectomy).
• Te Mate Huka Ā-Iwi Tūmatanui i roto i ngā Pakeke (LADA): Ka puta anō hoki tēnei i te tauhohenga ā-iwi, pērā i te Mate Huka Momo 1, engari ka puta i roto i te taupori pakeke ake i te Momo 1. Ko te hunga kua tātaritatia he LADA kei runga ake i te 30 tau te pakeke.
• Te Mate Huka o te Taiohi e Puta Ana ki te Pakeketanga (MODY): Ka kiia hoki tēnei ko te mate huka monogenic . Ka puta mai i tētahi whakarerekētanga ira ka tukuna iho i roto i ngā whakatipuranga. Ka pā tēnei whakarerekētanga ki te āhua o te hanga me te whakamahinga o te insulin e tō tinana. Neke atu i te 10 ngā momo MODY. Tata ki te 5% o te hunga mate huka ka pāngia pea e tēnei momo, ā, he maha ngā wā ka puta mai i roto i ngā whānau.
• Mate huka pēpi hou:He momo mate huka tino onge tēnei e puta ana i roto i ngā pēpi nohinohi i roto i ngā marama tuatahi e ono o te oranga. He momo mate huka monogenic anō hoki tēnei.
• Mate Huka Pakaru: He momo mate huka momo 1 kino rawa tēnei. Ka kitea i roto i ngā wā maha, ā, he kino hoki o te huka toto tiketike me te huka toto iti.

He Pēhea te Noa o te Mate Huka?

He mate noa ake te mate huka i tō whakaaro. E miriona ngā tāngata huri noa i te ao e noho tahi ana me te mate huka. Ko te mate huka momo 2 te momo tino noa. E whakaatu ana ngā tatauranga kei te piki haere te tokomaha o ngā tāngata e pāngia ana e te mate huka i tō tātou whenua. Nō reira, he mea nui kia mōhio ki tēnei.

He aha ngā tohu o te mate huka? (He aha ngā tohu o te mate huka?)

Ka rerekē ngā tohu o te mate huka i ia tangata, i ia tangata, ā, ka rerekē anō hoki i runga i te momo mate huka. Engari tera ētahi tohu noa ka pā ki a koe. Mena kei a koe tētahi o ēnei, he pai ake te toro atu ki te tākuta mō ētahi tohutohu.

Ngā tohu noa:

• Te matewai nui (polydipsia) me te waha maroke.
• Te hiahia tonu ki te mimi (ina koa i te pō)
• Te ngenge nui me te ngenge ahakoa te moe pai.
• Te tirohanga pōuri.
• Te whakahekenga taumaha kāore i te mārama (ina koa i te mate huka momo 1)
• Te ngenge, te mākūkū rānei o ngā peka.
• He roa te wā e ora ai ngā patunga.
• Ngā mate rewena maha o te kiri me/ranei te tara.

He mea nui: Mena kei a koe, kei tāu tamaiti rānei ēnei tohu, me toro atu ki te tākuta.

Inaianei, kia tirohia te rerekētanga o ngā tohu i runga i te momo mate huka:

Ngā Tohu o te Mate Huka Momo 1:

Ka tere te puta o ngā tohu o te mate huka momo 1, i roto i ētahi wiki, i ētahi marama rānei. I ētahi wā, ka tīmata ngā tohu me ngā tohu o tētahi raruraru kino e kiia nei ko te Diabetes-related Ketoacidosis (DKA) . He mate morearea te DKA e hiahia ana kia arohia wawetia e te hauora. Ko ngā tohu o te DKA ko te ruaki, te mamae o te puku, te kakara hua ki te manawa, me te uaua ki te manawa.

Ngā Tohu o te Mate Huka Momo 2 me te Mate Huka o mua:

I roto i ēnei momo mate, tērā pea kāore he tohu e kitea ana e koe. Kāore rānei koe e kite i aua tohu nā te puhoi o te puta mai o ngā tohu. I ētahi wā, mā te whakamātautau toto noa ka kitea pea he nui te huka toto. Ko tētahi atu tohu o te mate huka mate ko te pōuri o te kiri i ētahi wāhi o tō tinana (pērā i tō kaki me ō ringaringa). Ka kiia tēnei ko te acanthosis nigricans .

Ngā Tohu o te Mate Huka Hāputanga:

Kāore pea koe e kite i ngā tohu o te mate huka hapūtanga i te wā e hapū ana. Ka whakamātauhia koe e tō tākuta i waenga i te 24 me te 28 wiki o te hapūtanga.

He aha ngā take o te mate huka?

Ahakoa te momo mate huka, ka puta te mate huka ina tino teitei rawa ngā taumata huka toto. Heoi, he rerekē te take o tēnei taumata huka toto tiketike i runga i te momo mate huka.

Anei ngā take matua:

• Te Ātete ki te Insulin: Koinei te tino take o te mate huka momo 2. Ka puta pea i te momona, te kore whakakori tinana, te kai koretake, te kore taurite o ngā homoni, ngā awe ira, me ētahi rongoā.
• Mate Pūnaha Ārai Mate: Ka puta te mate huka momo 1 me te mate pukupuku toto (LADA) ina whakaekea e tō ake pūnaha ārai mate ngā pūtau e whakaputa ana i te insulin i roto i tō repe taiaki.
• Ngā Tauritekore o ngā Homoni: I te wā e hapu ana, ka taea e ngā homoni e tukuna ana e te whenua whānau te whakararu i te ātete ki te insulin. Waihoki, ko ētahi atu mate e pā ana ki ngā homoni pērā i te acromegaly me te mate Cushing ka taea te whakararu i te mate huka.
• Te Pakaru o te Repeure: Ka pāngia te kaha o te repeure e te kino tinana ki tōna kaha ki te whakaputa i te insulin, ka hua ake te mate huka momo 3c.
• Ngā Huringa Ira: Ka taea e ētahi whakarerekētanga ira te whakaputa i te mate huka MODY me te mate huka pēpi hou.

Ka taea hoki e te whakamahinga roa o ētahi rongoā (hei tauira, ngā rongoā mō te HIV/AIDS, corticosteroids) te whakaputa i te mate huka.

He aha ngā raruraru o te mate huka? (He aha ngā raruraru o te mate huka?)

Ki te kore e tika te whakahaere i te mate huka, ka puta he maha ngā raruraru whakapeka me te wā roa.

Ngā raruraru ohorere o te mate huka:

Ka taea e ēnei te whakararu i te ora, ā, me aro tonu ki te hauora:

• Āhua Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic (HHS): Ka tino teitei te taumata o te huka toto, ka puta he matewai nui me te pōhēhē.
• Ketoacidosis e pā ana ki te mate huka (DKA): Ina kore te insulin i roto i te tinana, ka tahuna te ngako hei hanga ketone, ka waikawa ai te toto.
• Te huka toto tino iti: He tino iti te taumata huka toto. He mea noa i roto i te hunga e tango ana i te insulin. Tērā pea me rongoā tonu te glucagon .

Ngā raruraru roa o te mate huka:

Mena ka noho teitei tonu te huka toto mō te wā roa, ka pakaru ngā uaua toto me ngā io.

• Ngā raruraru o te pūnaha manawa: Te mate pūkahukahu, te mate ngakau, te whiu, te atherosclerosis.
• Te pakaru o ngā io (Neuropathy): te ngoikore, te mamae.
• Nephropathy: Te ngoikore o te whatukuhu.
• Mate kanohi (Retinopathy): matapo.
• Ngā raruraru waewae e pā ana ki te mate huka, ngā mate kiri, me ngā tapahi waewae.
• Te ngoikore o te ira tangata, te mate puku, te ngaronga o te rongo, ngā raruraru hauora waha (hei tauira, te mate niho).

Ka pāngia hoki tō hauora hinengaro e te noho me te mate huka. He nui ake te tūponotanga ka pāngia te hunga mate huka e te pouri .

Me pēhea te tātaritanga o te mate huka?

Mā te tirotiro i ō taumata huka toto ki tētahi tauira toto, ka tātaritatia e ngā tākuta te mate huka. E toru ngā whakamātautau matua:

• Whakamātautau Huka Toto Nohopuku: He whakamātautau e mahia ana i muri i te nohopuku mō te 8 hāora.
• Te Whakamātautau Huka Toto Matapōkere: Ka taea te mahi i ngā wā katoa.
• Whakamātautau A1c (whakamātautau HbA1c): E whakaatu ana i ngā taumata huka toto toharite mō ngā marama 2-3 kua hipa.

Ka whakahaerehia he whakamātautau ā-waha mō te manawanui huka hei tautuhi i te mate huka hapūtanga.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i te mate huka?

E whā ngā wāhanga matua o te whakahaere i te mate huka:

• Te Aroturuki i te Huka Toto: Ka taea tēnei te mahi mā te mita huka toto, mā te aroturuki huka toto tonu rānei (CGM).
• Ngā Rongoā mō te Mate Huka ā-Waha: Ko ngā rongoā pēnei i te Metformin, e tohua ana mō te mate huka momo 2 me te prediabetes.
• Te Inirini: He mea nui mō te mate huka momo 1. Me whakamahi anō hoki ētahi tūroro momo 2. Ka taea te tango hei ngira, hei pene, hei papu, hei inirini manawa rānei.
• Kai: He kai hauoraHe mea nui hoki te tatau i ngā warowaihā.
• Whakakorikori Tinana: Mā te whakakorikori tinana auau ka piki ake te aro o te tangata ki te insulin.

He mea tino nui anō hoki te pupuri i te taumaha hauora, te toto toto tiketike , me te taumata cholesterol .

Te Matapae mō te Mate Huka

Ko te heke mai o te mate huka e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo mate, te āhua o te whakahaere, te pakeke i te wā i kitea ai te mate, ētahi atu mate, me ngā raruraru.

Engari, ko te mea nui ko te noho ora me te mate huka. Hei whakatutuki i tēnei, he mea nui ngā huringa āhua noho, te whakakori tinana auau, te whakahaere kai, me te whakamātautau huka toto auau.

E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau mā te pupuri i ngā taumata A1c i raro i te 7% ka taea te whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā raruraru.

Me pēhea taku ārai i te mate huka?

Kāore e taea te ārai i ngā momo mate huka ā-pūnaha ārai mate me ngā momo ira. Heoi, ka taea e koe te whakaiti i tō tupono ki te whakawhanake i te prediabetes, te mate huka momo 2, me te mate huka hapūtanga mā te mahi i ēnei e whai ake nei:

• Kai i tētahi kai hauora (hei tauira, te kai Mediterranean ).
• Kia kaha te korikori tinana (kia 30 meneti pea ia rā, kia 5 ngā rā ia wiki).
• Kia mau tonu te taumaha hauora.
• Whakahaerehia te ahotea.
• Whakawhāitihia te inu waipiro.
• Kia nui te moe.
• Kati te momi hikareti.

Āhea ahau me toro atu ki taku kaiwhakarato hauora?

Mena kāore anō kia tautuhia he mate huka tōu, me toro atu ki te tākuta tonu mēnā kei te pāngia koe e ngā tohu o te mate huka (hei tauira, te nui o te matewai, te mimi pinepine).

Mena he mate huka tōu, me toro atu ki te tākuta e āwhina ana i a koe ki te whakahaere i tō mate huka (hei tauira, he tākuta endocrinologist).

Hei whakamutunga, kia maumahara ki tēnei (Karere hei tango ki te kāinga)

He mea nui te mate huka ina kitea he mate huka koe. Engari, ehara i te mea kāore e taea e koe te noho harikoa, hauora hoki. Me whai whakaaro nui, me aro tonu ki te whakahaere i te mate huka. Ahakoa he ahua taumaha pea i te tīmatanga, i roto i te wā ka pai ake tō māramatanga ki te whakahaere i te mate, ā, ka tīmata koe ki te pai ake te āhua o tō tinana.

Kia tūpato ki te toro atu ki ō tākuta i ia wā, i ia wā. He mahi tahi te whakahaere i te mate huka. Me tautoko koe e ngā tohunga hauora, e ngā hoa, e te whānau. Kaua e wehi ki te tono āwhina mai i a rātou mēnā e hiahiatia ana. Kia maumahara, ehara koe i te mea ko koe anake!

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