He aha kei roto i ō kanohi? Me titiro tātou ki te whakamātautau (Fundoscopy/Ophthalmoscopy)!

Kua whakaaro koe he aha te mea e kitea ana e te tākuta ina whiti mai he rama iti ki roto i ō kanohi? Koinei te mea ka kōrerohia e tātou i tēnei rā, e kiia nei ko te "Fundoscopy" me te "Ophthalmoscopy". He whakamātautau tino māmā tēnei, engari he mea nui rawa atu. Me kōrero taipitopito atu tātou mō tēnei?

He aha tēnei `(Fundoscopy)`? He māmā noa iho...

Ki te whakarapopoto, ko te "fundoscopy" he tirotiro i te tuara o tō kanohi, te pakitara o roto. Ka whakamahia e te tākuta he taputapu whakanui me te rama iti e piri ana ki reira. Ka whakamahia tēnei mō ngā whakamātautau hauora o ia rā, me te tautuhi i ētahi mate me ngā whara kanohi.

Ko te kupu "fundus" te tikanga o te pakitara o muri o te kanohi. Koia te take i huaina ai tēnei whakamātautau he "fundoscopy." Waihoki, ko te taputapu matua e whakamahia ana mō tēnei ko te "ophthalmoscope." Nō reira, koia te take i huaina ai tēnei whakamātautau he "ophthalmoscopy." He ingoa e rua mō te whakamātautau kotahi.

Titiro mai, e rua ngā tikanga matua mō te mahi i tēnei whakamātautau "(Fundoscopy)". He rerekē ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana mō ia tikanga.

1. Tirotiro Mata Tika:

• Ka whakamahia he taputapu iti, he mea pupuri ringa, he matapihi whakanui me te rama. Ka noho te tākuta ki mua i a koe, ka pupuri i te taputapu ki tōna ringa, ka titiro ki roto i tō kanohi mā te karāhe. He rite ki te titiro mā te rama iti, engari ka nui ake te āhua o roto o tō kanohi.

2. Te tirotiro kanohi ā-kore:

• He rerekē tēnei. Tērā pea kua kite koe i te tākuta e mau ana i tētahi anga porowhita e mau ana i tōna mahunga. He wāhanga iti, he rite ki te tokotoko, ka taea e koe te kite i mua. Ka taea e koe te kite mā te kanohi kotahi, mā ngā kanohi e rua rānei. Hei tāpiri, kei te ringa o te tākuta tētahi atu karāhe iti e kiia nei ko te "karāhe whakapūpū". Ka puritia e ia ki mua i tō kanohi, ā, ka whakarerekē i te koki. Ina titiro koe ki tēnei ara, ka taea e koe te kite i te tuara o te kanohi me te mārama ake . Ki te titiro te tākuta mā ngā kanohi e rua, he tirohanga toru-ahu (3D) . Ko te tikanga ka taea e koe te kite mārama me te hōhonu.

Haunga ēnei tikanga e rua, he rerekētanga iti anō kei roto i te `(Indirect Ophthalmoscopy)`. Ka kiia ko `(Monocular Indirect Ophthalmoscopy)`. I tēnei, ka pupuri te tākuta i te `(Ophthalmoscope)` ki te ringa kotahi ka titiro mā te kanohi kotahi, me te whakamahi i te `(condensing glance)` ki te ringa kē. Heoi, i tēnei take, he iti ake te tirohanga toru-ahu me te tirohanga hōhonu.

Āhea tēnei whakamātautau ka oti?

Ko tēnei whakamātautau, e kiia nei ko te "fundoscopy," he mea e mahia ana i ngā wā tirotiro hauora o ia rā. Tērā pea kua kite koe i tēnei mahi, inā koa ka haere koe ki te kite i tō tākuta whānau (Kaiwhakarato Manaaki Tuatahi) ka haere rānei tō tamaiti ki te tākuta tamariki. Hei tāpiri, ka mahia anō hoki tēnei whakamātautau i roto i ngā take pēnei i:

• Ngā whakamātautau kanohi: He mea tēnei e tino mahia ana.
• Ngā whakamātautau io: Ka āwhina ēnei whakamātautau ki te kite i ngā raruraru o te roro me te pūnaha io.
• Ngā whakamātautau tinana: I ētahi wā ka mahia hei wāhanga o te tirotiro tinana katoa.

I ētahi wā, ka whakahaerehia e ngā tākuta tēnei whakamātautau kia hohonu ake. Ka kiia ko te "extended ophthalmoscopy." Ka tirohia tata atu ngā mea kei roto i te kanohi, ā, ka hangaia he pikitia mōna. Ka mahia tēnei i muri i te pokanga i te retina, i roto rānei i ētahi āhuatanga.

He pēhea te mahi a tēnei whakamātautau "(Fundoscopy)"?

Kei te mōhio koe, ko te porowhita pango iti i waenganui o tō kanohi, te karu , he rite ki te matapihi te whakatuwheratanga ki roto i te kanohi. Ko te iris , he kiko uaua e homai ana te tae ki tō kanohi, e whakahaere ana i te rahi o tēnei karu. Ka uru te mārama ki te kanohi mā roto i tēnei karu. Koinei te taahiraa tuatahi ki tō kaha ki te kite.

Ka whakamahia e ngā tākuta tēnei tikanga tirotiro i roto i ō kanohi mā te whakamahi i tētahi ophthalmoscope. Mā te mārama i roto i te ophthalmoscope ka whakamārama te roto o te kanohi, ā, mā ngā karāhe whakanui ka taea e te tākuta te kite i ngā mea kei roto i te kanohi me te mārama me te taipitopito .

Ina tirohia e te tākuta mā te ophthalmoscope, ka rapua e ia ngā mea motuhake i roto i te tuarongo o te kanohi. Ko ngā mea matua e rapua ana e rātou ko:

• Ngā ākonga me te āhua o tā rātou urupare ki te mārama: Ka mimiti, ka nui rānei ngā ākonga ina pā te mārama ki a rātou?
• Te whakaata o te fundus reflex: Koinei te ara e whakaata ai te mārama i te pakitara o muri o te kanohi. Koinei te mea e whakaatu ana i te kanapa o ngā kanohi o ngā tamariki nohinohi.
• Retina: Koinei te kiriuhi e tairongo ana ki te mārama i roto i te kanohi, he rite ki te kiriata i roto i te kāmera.
• Hanganga o te Io Whatu: Ka haria e tēnei io ngā kōrero mō ngā mea e kitea ana mā roto i ngā kanohi ki te roro.

He aha ngā mea hei tumanakohia i mua i te fundoscopy?

I te nuinga o te wā, kāore e nui te whakarite e hiahiatia ana e koe mō tēnei whakamātautau "fundoscopy". Heoi, i ētahi wā motuhake, ka kī atu tō tākuta, tō tākuta kanohi rānei mēnā me mahi tetahi mea.

I ētahi wā, ka tāpirihia e te tākuta, e te tākuta kanohi rānei he pata kanohi ki roto i ō kanohi hei whakanui i ō karu . He pono rawa tēnei ina mahia hei wāhanga o te whakamātautau kanohi. Mā te whakanui i ō kanohi ka taea e te tākuta te kite pai ake, te whānui ake hoki i te roto o tō kanohi.

He aha ngā mea ka tupu i te wā o te whakamātautau `(Fundoscopy)`?

I te wā o te tirotiro kanohi, ka noho tō tākuta, tō tākuta kanohi rānei i runga i tētahi tūru, ka takoto rānei koe i runga i tētahi moenga i mua i a rātou. He maha ngā wā ka mahia tēnei whakamātautau i roto i tētahi rūma pōuriuri . Mā tēnei ka māmā ake te kite i roto i ō kanohi. Ka tono te tākuta kia titiro tika koe ki mua, ā, i ētahi wā ka tono kia tahuri ō kanohi ki tētahi taha.

Ki te mea kei te titiro koe mā te tikanga "Indirect Ophthalmoscopy", ka pupuri te tākuta i tētahi karāhe iti i te ringaringa ki mua i tō kanohi. Kātahi ka whakarite ia i taua karāhe ki te matapihi tiro i runga i te taputapu e mau ana i tōna mahunga.

E ai ki taku kōrero i mua ake nei, ka taea te whakawhānui i te kanohi hei wāhanga o tēnei whakamātautau, inā koa i te wā e tirotirohia ana te kanohi. Mā te whakawhānui i ō kanohi ka āwhina i tō tākuta kia kite i ngā raruraru iti, ngaro rānei i roto i tō kanohi. Ka taea e tō tākuta te kī atu ki a koe he aha tāna e titiro ana, me te mea ka kite ia i tētahi mea whakapae.

Tērā pea kei te whakaaro koe, "Ka mamae tēnei whakamātautau?" Kāore rawa! He whakamātautau kore mamae tēnei. Tērā pea ka pāngia koe e te mamae ina pā te mārama ki tō kanohi, engari ka mutu i roto i ētahi meneti. Kāore he mea hei manukanuka.

He aha te mea hei tumanako atu i muri i te whakamātautau?

Ki te kite tō tākuta i tētahi mea whakapae, ka tonoa pea e ia ētahi atu whakamātautau. Hei tauira, he whakaahua fundus (he tango pikitia o roto o tō kanohi) he whakamātautau rama kutikuti rānei (he tirotiro i tō kanohi me te karuārai motuhake). Ka rerekē pea tēnei i ia tangata, i ia tangata. Nō reira, kaua e mangere ki te pātai atu ki tō tākuta mō ētahi atu kōrero mō ngā whakamātautau e tūtohutia ana e ia me ōna āwangawanga.

He aha te tikanga o ngā hua o tō whakamātautau?

Mā tō tākuta, mā tō tākuta kanohi rānei koe e kōrero ki a rātou mō ngā mea i kitea i roto i ō kanohi. Mā rātou anō hoki e whakamārama mēnā he mea hei aro atu. Mā rātou anō hoki koe e ārahi mō ngā mea hei mahi i muri mai, me ngā mea hei mārama.

Tērā pea ētahi tākuta e kōrero ana mō ngā mea e tupu ana i a koe e mahi ana i te whakamātautau. Ko ētahi atu e kōrero taipitopito ana mō ngā mea i kitea e rātou i muri i te mutunga o te whakamātautau. He mea whaiaro tēnei i ētahi wā. Heoi, ki te mea kei te āwangawanga koe, kei te manukanuka rānei mō te whakamātautau, kōrero atu ki tō tākuta i mua i te tīmatanga o te whakamātautau. Ka taea e ia te mārama ki ō kare ā-roto, te āwhina i a koe kia marino, me te āwhina i a koe ki te wikitoria i ō mataku.

Hei whakamutunga, ngā mea hei maumahara (Karere hei tango ki te kāinga)

E kīia ana "ko ngā kanohi ngā matapihi ki te wairua." Hei tāpiri, ka taea te kī ko ngā kanohi ngā matapihi ki tō hauora . Ka whakamahia e ngā tākuta i ngā momo mara tēnei whakamātautau `(Fundoscopy)` hei tirotiro i roto i ō kanohi, hei kimi i ngā kōrero nui mō te hauora o ō kanohi, o tō roro, me tō tinana katoa. Ko te `(Fundoscopy)`, `(Ophthalmoscopy)` rānei, he tikanga e whakamahia ana e ngā tākuta hei tirotiro i ngā raruraru e hiahia ana kia rongoatia.He tikanga tino nui.

Ko te mea pai ake , he tere, he kore mamae, ā, ka taea te mahi me te iti o ngā taputapu . Nō reira, ka taea te mahi ngāwari i ngā wāhi katoa o te ao, ahakoa i ngā wāhi he iti noa ngā whare hauora me ngā hangarau. Nō reira, i te wā e whai ake nei ka whiti te rama o te tākuta ki roto i tō kanohi, ka mōhio koe ki te hiranga o tēnei whakamātautau!

` Te tirotiro i te mata, te tirotiro kanohi, te tirotiro kanohi, te retina, te io whatu, te hauora o te kanohi, ngā whakamātautau hauora