He rite tonu ō ira? Me kōrero tātou mō te āhua "homozygous"!

I tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō tētahi mea tino nui e pā ana ki ō tātou ira. Kua rongo pea koe i te kupu 'homozygous'. He māmā noa iho, ko te tikanga he rite tonu te tārua o tētahi ira motuhake mai i tō whaea me tō pāpā. Tērā pea he ahua pūtaiao tēnei, engari he tino māmā noa iho. Me whakamārama anō tātou i tēnei.

He aha rā te ira?

Whakaarohia, e rua ngā tārua o ia ira ka riro mai i a tātou, tētahi mai i tō tātou whaea, tētahi mai i tō tātou pāpā. Ko te nuinga o ngā ira i roto i ō tātou tinana he rite tonu mō te katoa. Engari he iti noa iho (iti iho i te 1%) o ngā ira he iti noa ngā rerekētanga. He rerekē ngā āhua o ngā arel o te ira kotahi me ngā rerekētanga iti. Ko ēnei rerekētanga iti o ngā raupapatanga DNA te mea e hoatu ana ki a koe ō āhuatanga ahurei. He rite ki ngā reka rerekē o te tunu kotahi, tika?

He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te homozygous me te heterozygous?

Kua mōhio koe inaianei mō ngā ira. Ko te tikanga o te ira homozygous kua riro mai i a koe ngā ira e rua rite tonu o te ira kotahi mai i ō mātua e rua. Ko te tikanga o tēnei he rite tonu te tārua o te ira mai i tō whaea me te tārua o te ira mai i tō pāpā.

I tētahi atu taha, ko te tikanga o te heterozygous kua riro mai i a koe ngā ira rerekē e rua o te ira kotahi mai i ō mātua. Ko te tikanga o tēnei he rerekē te raupapatanga DNA o te tārua o te ira i riro mai i a koe i tō whaea i tērā i riro mai i a koe i tō pāpā. Ko te tikanga o te 'Hetero' he 'rereke', ko te tikanga o te 'Homo' he 'rite'. He māmā noa iho, tika?

Nā, he aha te momoira homozygous?

He ahua pūtaiao te ahua o te momoira ira, kāore? Kaua e manukanuka, ka māmā noa iho. Ko te momoira ira e pā ana ki te momo, te āhua rānei o te raupapatanga DNA ka riro i a koe. Nō reira, ko te tikanga o te momoira homozygous kua riro i a koe ngā ira e rua o te momo kotahi. Arā, he rite tonu ngā raupapatanga DNA o tētahi ira motuhake i homai e ō mātua e rua ki a koe, kāore he rerekētanga.

He aha te hononga o ngā āhuatanga matua me ngā āhuatanga whakaheke ki ngā ira homozygous?

Ko ētahi iraira he 'tino' , arā, he tino kaha. Ko ētahi he 'whakaheke' , arā, he paku pēhia. Inaianei whakaarohia he momoira heterozygous tōu, arā, kotahi te iraira matua me te iraira whakaheke. Ka ahatia? Ka pehia e te iraira matua te iraira whakaheke, ā, ka puta te āhuatanga matua. He rite ki te tamaiti whanoke i roto i te akomanga e pehi ana i ētahi atu.

Heoi, i roto i te iraira homozygous, ehara tēnei i te āhua. Ka taea e koe te whai i ngā iraira matua e rua mō tētahi āhuatanga (homozygous dominant). Mēnā rānei, ka taea e koe te whai i ngā iraira whakaroa e rua (homozygous recessive).Ahakoa pēhea, ka whakaatuhia te āhuatanga o ngā ira e rua e ōrite ana. I roto i te ira, ka tohuhia te āhuatanga homozygous matua e ngā reta matua e rua (hei tauira, BB). Ka tohuhia te āhuatanga homozygous recessive e ngā reta iti e rua (hei tauira, bb).

He aha ngā tauira o ngā āhuatanga homozygous?

Ina riro mai i a koe ngā ira kotahi i ō mātua, ka taea e rātou te arahi ki ngā āhuatanga homozygous. Kei roto i ēnei ko tō āhua, tō pūnaha angaiwi, me te mea kei te pāngia koe e ētahi mate. Me titiro tātou ki ētahi tauira.

Ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te āhua

• Tae kanohi: Ka pā pea te ira homozygous ki te tae o ō kanohi. Ko te parauri te āhuatanga matua mō te tae kanohi. Ko te tohu tēnei ko BB. Ko ngā tae kanohi katoa he kikorangi. Ko ēnei he tohu bb. Nō reira, ko te tangata he kanohi parauri engari he ira homozygous tōna, kei a ia te ira BB. Ko te tangata he kanohi kikorangi engari he ira homozygous tōna, kei a ia te ira bb. Whakaarohia, mēnā he tārua o te ira (bb) kei ngā mātua o te tangata kanohi kikorangi e rua e whai wāhi ana ki ngā kanohi kikorangi, ko te tangata kanohi kikorangi pea he kanohi kikorangi tōna.
• Ngā iraira: He āhuatanga autosomal matua anō hoki ngā iraira. He nui ake te melanin i roto i te tinana o te tangata he iraira tōna. Ko te FF te tohu mō tēnei. Ko te tangata kāore he iraira, ko te ira autosomal matua tōna, e tohuhia ana e te ff.
• Ngā Pokapū: He āhuatanga autosomal matua anō hoki ngā pokapū. Ka tohuhia tēnei e te DD. Kāore he pokapū o te hunga whai āhuatanga autosomal matua (dd).
• Makawe Pikopiko: He āhuatanga matua anō hoki te makawe pikopiko. Ko te HH te tohu. Ko te āhuatanga matua ko te makawe tika. Ko te hh te tohu.

Ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te pūnaha angaiwi

• Taringa kore e piri: Mena he taringa kore e piri, kei a koe te ira UU matua. Mena kei te piri ō taringa ki te tinana, kei a koe te ira uu heke.

He aha te hononga o ētahi āhuatanga hauora ki ngā ira homozygous?

• Te whakarongo me te kōrero: Ko te āhuatanga matua ko te kaha ki te whakarongo me te kōrero noa. Ko te ira matua SS tēnei e tohuhia ana. Mena kei a koe ngā ira ss e rua, kāore pea koe e taea te kōrero, te whakarongo rānei noa. Ko te tikanga he turi, he wahangu rānei koe.
• Ātete ki te Poison Ivy: Ko te ātete ki te poison ivy tētahi atu āhuatanga matua. Ko tēnei āhuatanga matua e tohuhia ana e te tohu PP. Mena kei a koe ngā ira PP e rua, kāore koe e ātete ki te poison ivy.

He aha ngā āhuatanga ira ka puta mai i ngā ira homozygous?

Nā, me kōrero tātou mō tētahi mea nui ake. He ira whakarerekē tōu nō ō mātua e rua., arā, ki te mea e rua ō ira kotahi te momo, engari kāore e mahi tika ana, he homozygous koe mō taua whakarerekētanga ira. Ko te tikanga tēnei he nui ake te tūponotanga ka pā mai te āhua ira i puta mai i taua ira. Anei ētahi o ngā āhua ira ka taea te tuku iho:

• Te Pūmua Pūmua: He pūmua e neke ana i ngā wai i roto i ngā pūtau o tō tātou tinana ka hangaia e te ira e kīia nei ko te 'CFTR'. Mēnā ka riro i a koe ngā tārua e rua kua whakarerekētia o tēnei ira 'CFTR', ka pāngia koe e te mate e kīia nei ko te 'Cystic Fibrosis'. Ka puta he hūpē matotoru ki ngā wāhi pērā i ngā pukahukahu me te pūnaha nakunaku.
• Te Mate Kore Pūtau Hīnati: Ko te ira HBB, he wāhanga o te hemoglobin i roto i ō tātou toto whero, ka āwhina i te kawe hāora puta noa i te tinana. Mēnā ka riro i a koe ngā tārua e rua kua whakarerekētia o te ira HBB, ka pāngia koe e te mate kore pūtau hīnati. I roto i tēnei āhuatanga, ka huri te āhua o ngā toto whero, ka rite ki te āhua hīnati, koia te take i tapaina ai. Ka taea e tēnei te whakararuraru i te rere o te toto.
• Phenylketonuria: Ko te ira PAH e kī ana ki ngā pūtau kia hanga he whākōkī hei wawahi i te waikawa amino phenylalanine. Mēnā ka riro mai i a koe ngā tārua e rua kua whakarerekētia o te ira PAH, ka pāngia koe e te mate e kiia nei ko te phenylketonuria. I roto i tēnei āhuatanga, ka nui haere te phenylalanine i roto i te tinana, ā, ka taea te kino i te roro.

Ko te mea nui, ki te mea he "ira rite" koe mō tētahi ira motuhake, ko te tikanga kua riro mai i a koe ngā tārua ōrite (ngā allele) o taua ira mai i ō mātua e rua. Nā ēnei ira rite rite, ka taea e koe te whai i ō ake āhuatanga tinana ahurei.

Nā, he aha ngā mea tino nui hei maumahara mā tātou i tēnei pūrākau?

Āe, kua maha ā tātou kōrero mō tēnei pūrākau 'Homozygous'. Anei ētahi mea hei maumahara poto:

• Ko te tikanga o te ira homozygous e rua ō ira ōrite mō tētahi ira motuhake, mai i tō whaea me tō pāpā.
• Ka taea e ēnei ira e rua te noho hei ira matua, hei ira whakaheke rānei, ā, koia tēnei te mea e whakatau ana i ō āhuatanga.
• I ētahi wā, mēnā ka tukuna iho ngā iraira kua whakarerekētia e rua o te momo kotahi i tēnei ara, ka puta pea ētahi āhuatanga ira . Hei tauira, te cystic fibrosis, te anemia pūtau mariao rānei.
• Heoi, ehara i te mea ko ngā ira homozygous te pūtake o ngā mate i ngā wā katoa. He maha ngā āhuatanga noa, pērā i te tae o ō kanohi, te kakano o ō makawe, me te mea he rua i ō paparinga, he mea puta mai anō hoki i ēnei ira homozygous.

Nā, koinei te kōrero māmā mō ngā ira homozygous. Mā te mōhio ki ngā mea pēnei ka āwhina i a tātou ki te mārama ki ō tātou tinana, kāore? Mena he pātai anō āu mō tēnei, kaua e mangere ki te pātai ki te tākuta, ki te kaitohutohu ira rānei.

` Ira-ira, Ira-ira, Ārai, Āhuatanga Matua, Āhuatanga Whakahoki, Mate Ira