Kua rongo kē koe i te HTLV-1 (Human T-lymphotropic Virus momo-1)? Me kōrero tātou mō tēnei!

Kua rongo pea koe i ngā huaketo pēnei i te 'HIV'. Engari, kāore pea koe i te tino rongo mō te huaketo 'HTLV-1'. He momo huaketo anō hoki tēnei ka uru ki roto i ngā pūtau o tō tātou tinana, ka puta he mate. Kaua e manukanuka, mō te nuinga o te tangata, ehara tēnei i te raruraru nui. Engari he mea pai kia mōhio, tika? Nō reira, me titiro tātou he aha te 'HTLV-1', me pēhea tōna whanaketanga, me ngā mea ka taea te mahi mōna.

He aha te `HTLV-1`? Kia mārama tātou!

Ko te tikanga o te kupu 'HTLV-1' ko 'Human T-lymphotropic Virus type-1' . Nō tētahi rōpū huaketo tēnei e kiia nei ko 'Retrovirus'. Kei te mahara koe i kōrero tātou mō te huaketo 'HIV' (HIV) hei 'Retrovirus'? Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga motuhake o ēnei 'Retrovirus' ko te wā e uru ana ki roto i ō tātou pūtau, ka whakaurua ō rātou mōhiohio ira, arā, ō rātou 'rauemi ira', ki roto i te 'DNA' (DNA) o ō tātou pūtau. Whakaarohia me te mea kua uru mai tētahi huaketo ki roto i te rorohiko.

Ka whakaekea e te huaketo 'HIV' me te huaketo 'HTLV-1' ngā 'pūtau-T' o roto i tō tātou pūnaha ārai mate. Engari he rerekē rawa te āhua o tā rātou mahi. Ka whakangaromia e te 'HIV' ngā 'pūtau-T' me te ngoikore i te pūnaha ārai mate. Engari kāore te 'HTLV-1' e whakangaro i aua 'pūtau-T'. Inaa, he maha ngā tāngata kua pangia e te 'HTLV-1' kāore e whakaatu i tētahi tohu. Ka noho rite tonu rātou ki te hunga hauora.

Heoi, he iti noa te ōrau o te hunga pangia ka pāngia e rua ngā āhuatanga i muri i ngā tau maha, arā, 30 ki te 60 tau pea i muri mai. Ko tētahi he momo matepukupuku toto e kiia nei ko te Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL, ATLL rānei). Ko tētahi he mate o te pūnaha io e kiia nei ko te HTLV-1- associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP).

He momo 'HTLV' anō kei reira?

Ae, he maha ngā momo huaketo `HTLV` e pangia ai te tangata. Hei tauira, ko `HTLV-1`, `HTLV-2`, `HTLV-3` me `HTLV-4`. Ka pangia katoatia ēnei mō te wā roa. Heoi, tae noa mai ki tēnei wā, ko `HTLV-1` anake te take o ngā mate motuhake.

He pēhea te noa o tēnei `HTLV-1`? Kei te kitea i Sri Lanka?

Kei te kitea te huaketo `HTLV` i ngā wāhi maha o te ao. E ai ki ngā tohunga, kei waenganui i te 5 me te 20 miriona tāngata puta noa i te ao e pangia ana e te `HTLV-1`. Heoi, he rerekē rawa te auau pangia i waenga i ngā whenua me ngā rohe.

Hei tauira, i Amerika Te Raki, he iti iho i te 1% o te taupori kua pangia e tēnei mate. Heoi, i ētahi wāhi o Hapani, o Āwherika, o Amerika Te Tonga, o Ahitereiria, o Īrāna, me ētahi wāhi o te Moana Karipiana, e kīia ana neke atu i te hautoru o te taupori kua pangia e tēnei mate. He uaua ki te kimi raraunga mārama mō te āhuatanga i Sri Lanka, engari he mea nui kia mōhio ki ēnei momo huaketo.

He aha ngā tohu o tēnei? Ka pā ki te katoa?

E ai ki te kōrero i mua,Ko te nuinga o te hunga kua pangia e te HTLV-1 kāore e whakaatu i tētahi tohu. Kāore rātou e mōhio kei a rātou te huaketo. Ka puta noa ngā tohu i muri i ngā tau o te pangia, ina puta ngā āhuatanga kua whakahuatia i mua, pērā i te ATL, te HAM/TSP rānei.

Ko ngā tohu o te `ATL` (Pakeke T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma) ko:

• Te ngenge tonu (‘Fatigue’)
• Ngā ponana kiri, ngā mate rite ki te ekisema
• Ngā kōpū lymph pupuhi - pērā i te kaki, ngā kēkē, me te uma
• Te kōroke
• Ngaronga o te mahara, te pōhēhē
• Mamae wheua

Ko ngā tohu o te `HAM/TSP` (HTLV-1-associated myopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis) ko:

• Te ngoikore, te pakari rānei e piki haere ana i roto i tetahi waewae, i ngā waewae e rua rānei
• Mamae tuara
• Te kore e taea te pupuri i te mimi
• Te ngenge o ngā peka, te mākūkū o te tinana (Peripheral neuropathy)

He aha atu ngā mate ka puta mai i te `HTLV-1`?

Tata ki te kotahi i roto i te 20 tāngata (tata ki te 5%) kua pangia e te huaketo HTLV-1 ka pāngia e ngā āhuatanga e kiia nei ko te ATL (mate pukupuku) me te HAM/TSP rānei (mate io).

• Ko te `ATL` he momo mate pukupuku e puta ana i roto i te toto . He maha anō hoki ōna momo (pēnei i te `acute`, te `lymphoma`, te `smoldering`, te `chronic`). Tērā pea ka rerekē te maimoatanga me te putanga o ia momo.
• He mate te `HAM/TSP` e pā ana ki te pūnaha io. He rite tonu ki te mate `Multiple Sclerosis` (`MS`). Ka ngoikore te uaua me ngā raruraru haere tonu ki te pūnaha io.

Haunga ēnei mate matua e rua, kua kitea e ngā kairangahau ka taea hoki e te HTLV-1 te whakaputa i ētahi mate mumura me ngā mate pūnaha ārai mate . Heoi, kāore anō kia mārama te hononga tuturu i waenganui i a rāua. Ko ētahi o ēnei mate ko:

• Te kiri kiri
• Mate rumatiki
• Te mumura o ngā wāhanga o roto o te kanohi ('Uveitis')
• Te mate a Sjögren

Me pēhea te whanaketanga o ngā mate e pā ana ki te HTLV-1? He aha te kore ai e pāngia te katoa?

Ina uru te huaketo `HTLV-1` ki roto i ō tātou tinana, ka haere tika atu ki ngā pūtau `CD4` (e mōhiotia ana ko ngā `pūtau-T āwhina`) i roto i tō tātou pūnaha ārai mate. He rite ēnei pūtau `CD4` ki ngā pirihimana o tō tātou tinana, he momo pūtau e āwhina ana ki te tiaki i a tātou mai i te mate.

Ināianei, ko ngā retrovirus pēnei i te HTLV-1 e kawe ana i ō rātou mōhiohio ira i roto i tētahi ngota e kiia nei ko te RNA. Ina uru rātou ki roto i ō tātou pūtau, ka hurihia e te huaketo tana RNA ki tētahi mea rite ki te DNA kei roto ngā mōhiohio o ō tātou pūtau. Kātahi, ko te wahi DNA (e kiia nei ko te provirus) i hangaia e ia ka whakauru i a ia anō ki roto i te DNA o ō tātou pūtau. Arā, ka whakaurua e te huaketo tētahi wahi o ia anō ki roto i te pūmanawa e whakahaere ana i ō tātou pūtau.

Ināianei, e whakaaro ana ō tātou pūtau he wāhanga o te 'DNA' o te huaketo, ka tīmata ki te hanga i ētahi atu tārua o te huaketo. Ka haere ēnei tārua huaketo 'HTLV' hou ki te pangia he maha atu ngā pūtau 'CD4'. Ahakoa te horapa o te huaketo i roto i te tinana i tēnei ara, kāore e puta he tohu.

Heoi, i roto i ētahi tāngata, i muri i ngā tau maha, ka nui rawa ngā 'pūtau-T' e puta mai ana i tēnei mate i roto i ō rātou tinana. Koinei te wā ka puta ai te mate e kiia nei ko te mate toto 'ATL'. I ētahi atu wā, ka taea e tēnei huaketo te pangia te pūnaha io, ā, ka puta he mate e kiia nei ko te 'HAM/TSP'. Kei te rangahauhia tonutia te take e puta ai tēnei ki ētahi tāngata anake.

Me pēhea te horapa o tēnei huaketo 'HTLV-1' mai i tētahi tangata ki tētahi atu?

He maha ngā huarahi matua e taea ai te horapa o te huaketo `HTLV-1`. He mea tino nui kia mōhio koe ki ēnei:

• Mā te moe tāne: te moe tāne, te moe whakarara, te moe ā-waha rānei, kāore he ārai.
• Mai i te whaea ki te tamaiti mā te whāngai ū: Ina whāngai ū te whaea pangia i tana tamaiti.
• Mā te tiritiri ngira: Ina koa i waenga i te hunga e wero ana i ngā raau taero.
• Onge: Mā te whakawhiti toto, mā te whakawhitinga okana rānei. Heoi, i roto i te maha o ngā whenua, ka tirotirohia te huaketo mō ngā toto me ngā koha okana, nō reira he onge te horapa mā roto i ēnei tikanga.

Ko wai kei te mōrearea nui ake ki te whakawhanake i te `HTLV-1`?

He maha ngā āhuatanga e whakanui ake ai i te mōrearea o te mate HTLV-1:

• Te werohanga i ngā rongoā me te kore he whakahaunga.
• Te whānautanga, te noho rānei i tētahi rohe e horapa ana te huaketo 'HTLV'.

Ko ētahi o ngā wāhi he nui te mate HTLV-1:

• Te Tonga-mā-uru o Hapani
• Ngā whenua o Āwherika ki te tonga o te Koraha o Sahara ('Āwherika ki te Tonga o te Sahara')
• Ko ētahi wāhanga o Amerika ki te Tonga
• Ngā Moutere o te Karipiana
• Te Tai Tokerau o Īrāna
• Ahitereiria Waenganui

He mea nui: Ahakoa i roto i te whenua kotahi, kāore te auau pangia e rite ana i ngā rohe katoa. Tērā pea he nui te auau pangia o ētahi rohe iti, ahakoa he iti te auau whānui.

He aha ngā raruraru ka pā mai i te mate HTLV-1?

Kāore te huaketo `HTLV-1` anake e ngoikore ai te pūnaha ārai mate. Heoi, ki te puta he `ATL` (mate pukupuku) he `HAM/TSP` rānei (mate roro), ka ngoikore pea te pūnaha ārai mate.Ka taea e tēnei te arahi ki ngā mate urutā kāore e kitea i roto i te hunga hauora. Ka taea e ētahi o ēnei mate te whakamomori i te ora.

Me pēhea te tautuhi tika i te mate `HTLV-1`?

Mā te whakamātautau toto ka tātarihia te mate HTLV-1 e ngā tākuta. Ka rapua e tēnei whakamātautau ngā paturopi (ngā paturopi) kua hangaia i roto i te tinana hei ārai i te huaketo HTLV, i te aroaro rānei o te rauemi ira (RNA) o te huaketo.

Heoi, ehara tēnei i te whakamātautau noa mō te katoa. Tērā pea ka tukuna koe e te tākuta mō tēnei whakamātautau i ngā wā e whai ake nei:

• Mena kei a koe tētahi āhuatanga hauora (hei tauira, ngā tohu o te ATL, HAM/TSP rānei) e whakaaro ana koe he hononga pea ki te mate HTLV-1.
• Mena kei te noho koe i tētahi rohe e kitea whānuitia ana te mate HTLV, ā, kei te whakaaro koe ki te whāngai u.
• Mena kei te tumanako koe kia noho hei kaituku toto, hei kaituku okana rānei (he whakamātautau whakahau tēnei i ngā wāhi maha).

He rongoā kei te wātea mō te `HTLV-1`? Ka taea te whakaora?

Ki te pono, kāore anō kia kitea he rongoā mō te huaketo `HTLV-1`. Arā, kāore e taea te whakakore katoa i te huaketo i te tinana. Heoi, kei reira ngā maimoatanga mō ngā mate `ATL` me `HAM/TSP` i puta mai i te `HTLV-1`.

Ka whakamahia ēnei hei rongoā mō te `ATL` (matepukupuku):

• Ngā rongoā e whakamahia ana mō ētahi atu momo lymphoma, hei tauira te chemotherapy .
• Ngā rongoā ārai huaketo, pērā i te zidovudine (Retrovir®) me te interferon alfa. Heoi, kāore ngā momo ATL katoa e pai ki ēnei rongoā ārai huaketo.
• Te whakawhitinga pūtau take. Kāore e taea tēnei e te katoa he ATL tōna. Engari ki te angitu, ka taea te whakaroa ake i te roanga o te oranga.

Mō te hunga whai mate io (HAM/TSP), ka whakamahia ēnei maimoatanga hei whakahaere i ngā tohu me te whakaora:

• "Interferon alpha".
• Whakaitihia te mumura ki ngā `Corticosteroids`.
• Interferon beta. Tērā pea ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakaiti i te mumura me te ārai i te kino o ngā io.
• Whakaitihia te pīrori me te pakari o ngā uaua mā te whakamahi i te Baclofen (Lioresal ®) me te tizanidine rānei.
• Oxybutynin mō te kore e taea te pupuri i te mimi.

He aha te mea ka puta mēnā kei a au te `HTLV-1`? Me āwangawanga ahau?

Koinei te mea tino nui. Ehara i te mea ka pāngia te katoa e te huaketo HTLV-1 e te ATL, e te HAM/TSP rānei. Inaa, ko te nuinga o te hunga kua pangia ka taea te noho noa me te kore e pāngia e ēnei mate kino.

Heoi, ki te pāngia koe e ēnei āhuatanga, ko te tirohanga whānui kei te momo kei a koe. Ko te hunga whai momo ATL mura, mau tonu rānei, ka pai ake te putanga i ērā he momo kē atu. Ahakoa ka kino haere te HAM/TSP i te roanga o te wā, ka taea e koe te ora mō ngā tekau tau i muri i te tātaritanga.

Me pēhea taku tiaki i ahau i tēnei huaketo 'HTLV-1'? He huarahi anō hei ārai i tēnei?

Ae, kei reira ngā mea ka taea e tātou te mahi hei ārai i te horapa o te huaketo 'HTLV-1'.

• Mā te whakamātautau i te toto me ngā whekau i kohaina mō te HTLV-1 ka āwhina i te aukati i te horapa o te huaketo.
• Ka taea e koe te mahi i ēnei mea hei whakaiti i tō mōrearea whaiaro:
• Āta karohia te werohanga i ngā rongoā me te kore he whakahaunga.
• Kaua e whakamahi anō i ngā ngira werohanga kotahi, kaua hoki e tohatoha ki ētahi atu.
• Āta karohia te moe tāne me te wahine kāore i te tiakina. Me whakamahi tonu i te ure rapa i ngā wā katoa e moe tāne ana (te tara, te pūkahukahu, te waha rānei).
• Mena kua whakamātauhia he pai tō HTLV-1, kaua e whāngai ū, kaua hoki e tuku toto. Mena kei a koe te HTLV-1, ā, e hiahia ana koe ki te whāngai ū, rapua he tohutohu mai i tētahi tākuta e mōhio ana ki te HTLV-1. Mā te whakaputa i te waiū ū me te whakatio, kātahi ka whakarewa, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te horapa o te huaketo ki tō pēpi, engari he mea nui kia rapu tohutohu hauora i mua i te mahi pera.

He aha te tikanga o te 'HTLV pai'?

Ko te tikanga o te 'HTLV' he pai kei roto i tō tinana he 'HTLV-1', he momo 'HTLV' rānei. Ehara i te mea ka tino pāngia koe e te 'ATL', 'HAM/TSP' rānei. Mēnā he 'HTLV-1' koe, he maha ngā mahi hei ārai i te horapa o te huaketo ki ētahi atu (pēnei i te kore e whāngai ū, te karo i te moe tāne me te wahine kāore i te tiakina).

He pēhea te mōrearea o tēnei 'HTLV'?

Ko te huaketo `HTLV`, ina tangohia ko ia anake, kāore i te tino mōrearea, ā, kāore hoki e puta he tohu. Heoi, he mea nui kia mōhio koe ki tēnei, nā te mea ka taea e te `HTLV-1` te whakaputa i te mate pukupuku, i ngā mate pūnaha io, i ngā mate mumura rānei.

Āhea ahau me toro atu ki te tākuta?

Mena he pātai āu mō te whakamātautau HTLV-1, mēnā rānei he pai tō HTLV-1, ā, e hiahia ana koe ki te mōhio ki ngā mahi ārai me mahi e koe, me kōrero koe ki te tākuta. He mea nui rawa kia mōhio koe ki tēnei mena kei te noho koe i tētahi rohe e kitea whānuitia ana te HTLV-1.

Hei whakamutunga, ngā mea hei maumahara

Āe, kua maha ā tātou kōrero mō te `HTLV-1,' kāore? Kia maumahara, ahakoa he huaketo tēnei e kitea ana puta noa i te ao, kāore i te kitea noa i ngā wāhi maha. He iti noa iho te ōrau o te hunga kua pangia ka pāngia e te mate kino.

Ko te mea nui, kaua e manukanuka kei pai te whakamātautau mō te HTLV-1.Ka taea e te nuinga o te tangata te noho ora me te kore he tohu. Heoi, mā te mōhio ki tēnei huaketo, me pēhea te horapa, me pēhea te ārai, ka āwhina i a koe me te hunga e karapoti ana i a koe ki te tiaki i a koe anō.

Mena he pātai anō āu mō tēnei, kaua e mangere ki te pātai atu ki tō tākuta whānau, ki tētahi tākuta rānei e mōhio ana ki tēnei. Kia ora tonu!

` HTLV-1, Retrovirus, ATL, HAM/TSP, Matepukupuku, Mate roro, Mate huaketo