Kua rongo kē koe i te HTLV-1 (Human T-lymphotropic Virus momo-1) ? Me kōrero tātou mō tēnei!

Kua rongo pea koe i ngā huaketo pēnei i te 'HIV'. Engari, kāore pea koe i te tino rongo mō te huaketo 'HTLV-1'. He momo huaketo anō hoki tēnei ka uru ki roto i ngā pūtau o tō tātou tinana, ka puta he mate. Kaua e manukanuka, mō te nuinga o te tangata, ehara tēnei i te raruraru nui. Engari he mea pai kia mōhio, tika? Nō reira, me titiro tātou he aha te 'HTLV-1', me pēhea tōna whanaketanga, me ngā mea ka taea te mahi mōna.

He aha te HTLV-1? Kia mārama tātou!

Ko te tikanga o te kupu 'HTLV-1' ko 'Human T-lymphotropic Virus type-1' . Nō tētahi rōpū huaketo tēnei e kiia nei ko 'Retrovirus'. Kei te mahara koe i kōrero tātou mō te huaketo 'HIV' (HIV) hei 'Retrovirus'? Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga motuhake o ēnei 'Retrovirus' ko te wā e uru ana ki roto i ō tātou pūtau, ka whakaurua ō rātou mōhiohio ira, arā, ō rātou 'rauemi ira', ki roto i te 'DNA' (DNA) o ō tātou pūtau. Whakaarohia me te mea kua uru mai tētahi huaketo ki roto i te rorohiko.

Ka whakaekea e te huaketo 'HIV' me te huaketo 'HTLV-1' ngā 'pūtau-T' o roto i tō tātou pūnaha ārai mate. Engari he rerekē rawa te āhua o tā rātou mahi. Ka whakangaromia e te 'HIV' ngā 'pūtau-T' me te ngoikore i te pūnaha ārai mate. Engari kāore te 'HTLV-1' e whakangaro i aua 'pūtau-T'. Inaa, he maha ngā tāngata kua pangia e te 'HTLV-1' kāore e whakaatu i tētahi tohu. Ka noho rite tonu rātou ki te hunga hauora.

Heoi, he iti noa te ōrau o te hunga pangia ka pāngia e rua ngā āhuatanga i muri i ngā tau maha, arā, 30 ki te 60 tau pea i muri mai. Ko tētahi he momo matepukupuku toto e kiia nei ko te Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL, ATLL rānei). Ko tētahi he mate o te pūnaha io e kiia nei ko te HTLV-1- associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP).

He momo 'HTLV' anō kei reira?

Ae, he maha ngā momo huaketo HTLV e pangia ai te tangata. Hei tauira, ko HTLV-1, HTLV-2, HTLV-3 me HTLV-4. Ka pangia katoatia ēnei mō te wā roa. Heoi, tae noa mai ki tēnei wā, ko HTLV-1 anake te take o ngā mate motuhake.

He pēhea te noa o tēnei HTLV-1? Kei te kitea i Sri Lanka?

Kei te kitea te huaketo HTLV i ngā wāhi maha o te ao. E ai ki ngā tohunga, kei waenganui i te 5 me te 20 miriona tāngata puta noa i te ao e pangia ana e te HTLV-1. Heoi, he rerekē rawa te auau pangia i waenga i ngā whenua me ngā rohe.

Hei tauira, i Amerika Te Raki, he iti iho i te 1% o te taupori kua pangia e tēnei mate. Heoi, i ētahi wāhi o Hapani, o Āwherika, o Amerika Te Tonga, o Ahitereiria, o Īrāna, me ētahi wāhi o te Moana Karipiana, e kīia ana neke atu i te hautoru o te taupori kua pangia e tēnei mate. He uaua ki te kimi raraunga mārama mō te āhuatanga i Sri Lanka, engari he mea nui kia mōhio ki ēnei momo huaketo.

He aha ngā tohu o tēnei? Ka pā ki te katoa?

E ai ki te kōrero i mua,Ko te nuinga o te hunga kua pangia e te HTLV-1 kāore e whakaatu i tētahi tohu. Kāore rātou e mōhio kei a rātou te huaketo. Ka puta noa ngā tohu i muri i ngā tau o te pangia, ina puta ngā āhuatanga kua whakahuatia i mua, pērā i te ATL, te HAM/TSP rānei.

Ko ngā tohu o te ATL (Pakeke T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma) ko:

• Te ngenge tonu (‘Fatigue’)
• Ngā ponana kiri, ngā mate rite ki te ekisema
• Ngā kōpū lymph pupuhi - pērā i te kaki, ngā kēkē, me te uma
• Te kōroke
• Ngaronga o te mahara, te pōhēhē
• Mamae wheua

Ko ngā tohu o te HAM/TSP (HTLV-1-associated myopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis) ko:

• Te ngoikore, te pakari rānei e piki haere ana i roto i tetahi waewae, i ngā waewae e rua rānei
• Mamae tuara
• Te kore e taea te pupuri i te mimi
• Te ngenge o ngā peka, te mākūkū o te tinana (Peripheral neuropathy)

He aha atu ngā mate ka puta mai i te HTLV-1?

Tata ki te kotahi i roto i te 20 tāngata (tata ki te 5%) kua pangia e te huaketo HTLV-1 ka pāngia e ngā āhuatanga e kiia nei ko te ATL (mate pukupuku) me te HAM/TSP rānei (mate io).

• Ko te ATL he momo mate pukupuku e puta ana i roto i te toto . He maha anō hoki ōna momo (pēnei i te acute, te lymphoma, te smoldering, te chronic). Tērā pea ka rerekē te maimoatanga me te putanga o ia momo.
• He mate te HAM/TSP e pā ana ki te pūnaha io. He rite tonu ki te mate Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Ka ngoikore te uaua me ngā raruraru haere tonu ki te pūnaha io.

Haunga ēnei mate matua e rua, kua kitea e ngā kairangahau ka taea hoki e te HTLV-1 te whakaputa i ētahi mate mumura me ngā mate pūnaha ārai mate . Heoi, kāore anō kia mārama te hononga tuturu i waenganui i a rāua. Ko ētahi o ēnei mate ko:

• Te kiri kiri
• Mate rumatiki
• Te mumura o ngā wāhanga o roto o te kanohi ('Uveitis')
• Te mate a Sjögren

Me pēhea te whanaketanga o ngā mate e pā ana ki te HTLV-1? He aha te kore ai e pāngia te katoa?

Ina uru te huaketo HTLV-1 ki roto i ō tātou tinana, ka haere tika atu ki ngā pūtau CD4 (e mōhiotia ana ko ngā pūtau-T āwhina) i roto i tō tātou pūnaha ārai mate. He rite ēnei pūtau CD4 ki ngā pirihimana o tō tātou tinana, he momo pūtau e āwhina ana ki te tiaki i a tātou mai i te mate.

Ināianei, ko ngā retrovirus pēnei i te HTLV-1 e kawe ana i ō rātou mōhiohio ira i roto i tētahi ngota e kiia nei ko te RNA. Ina uru rātou ki roto i ō tātou pūtau, ka hurihia e te huaketo tana RNA ki tētahi mea rite ki te DNA kei roto ngā mōhiohio o ō tātou pūtau. Kātahi, ko te wahi DNA (e kiia nei ko te provirus) i hangaia e ia ka whakauru i a ia anō ki roto i te DNA o ō tātou pūtau. Arā, ka whakaurua e te huaketo tētahi wahi o ia anō ki roto i te pūmanawa e whakahaere ana i ō tātou pūtau.

Ināianei, e whakaaro ana ō tātou pūtau he wāhanga o te 'DNA' o te huaketo, ka tīmata ki te hanga i ētahi atu tārua o te huaketo. Ka haere ēnei tārua huaketo 'HTLV' hou ki te pangia he maha atu ngā pūtau 'CD4'. Ahakoa te horapa o te huaketo i roto i te tinana i tēnei ara, kāore e puta he tohu.

Heoi, i roto i ētahi tāngata, i muri i ngā tau maha, ka nui rawa ngā 'pūtau-T' e puta mai ana i tēnei mate i roto i ō rātou tinana. Koinei te wā ka puta ai te mate e kiia nei ko te mate toto 'ATL'. I ētahi atu wā, ka taea e tēnei huaketo te pangia te pūnaha io, ā, ka puta he mate e kiia nei ko te 'HAM/TSP'. Kei te rangahauhia tonutia te take e puta ai tēnei ki ētahi tāngata anake.

Me pēhea te horapa o tēnei huaketo 'HTLV-1' mai i tētahi tangata ki tētahi atu?

He maha ngā huarahi matua e taea ai te horapa o te huaketo HTLV-1. He mea tino nui kia mōhio koe ki ēnei:

• Mā te moe tāne: te moe tāne, te moe whakarara, te moe ā-waha rānei, kāore he ārai.
• Mai i te whaea ki te tamaiti mā te whāngai ū: Ina whāngai ū te whaea pangia i tana tamaiti.
• Mā te tiritiri ngira: Ina koa i waenga i te hunga e wero ana i ngā raau taero.
• Onge: Mā te whakawhiti toto, mā te whakawhitinga okana rānei. Heoi, i roto i te maha o ngā whenua, ka tirotirohia te huaketo mō ngā toto me ngā koha okana, nō reira he onge te horapa mā roto i ēnei tikanga.

Ko wai kei te mōrearea nui ake ki te whakawhanake i te HTLV-1?

He maha ngā āhuatanga e whakanui ake ai i te mōrearea o te mate HTLV-1:

• Te werohanga i ngā rongoā me te kore he whakahaunga.
• Te whānautanga, te noho rānei i tētahi rohe e horapa ana te huaketo 'HTLV'.

Ko ētahi o ngā wāhi he nui te mate HTLV-1:

• Te Tonga-mā-uru o Hapani
• Ngā whenua o Āwherika ki te tonga o te Koraha o Sahara ('Āwherika ki te Tonga o te Sahara')
• Ko ētahi wāhanga o Amerika ki te Tonga
• Ngā Moutere o te Karipiana
• Te Tai Tokerau o Īrāna
• Ahitereiria Waenganui

He mea nui: Ahakoa i roto i te whenua kotahi, kāore te auau pangia e rite ana i ngā rohe katoa. Tērā pea he nui te auau pangia o ētahi rohe iti, ahakoa he iti te auau whānui.

He aha ngā raruraru ka pā mai i te mate HTLV-1?

Kāore te huaketo HTLV-1 anake e ngoikore ai te pūnaha ārai mate. Heoi, ki te puta he ATL (mate pukupuku) he HAM/TSP rānei (mate roro), ka ngoikore pea te pūnaha ārai mate.Ka taea e tēnei te arahi ki ngā mate urutā kāore e kitea i roto i te hunga hauora. Ka taea e ētahi o ēnei mate te whakamomori i te ora.

Me pēhea te tautuhi tika i te mate HTLV-1?

Mā te whakamātautau toto ka tātarihia te mate HTLV-1 e ngā tākuta. Ka rapua e tēnei whakamātautau ngā paturopi (ngā paturopi) kua hangaia i roto i te tinana hei ārai i te huaketo HTLV, i te aroaro rānei o te rauemi ira (RNA) o te huaketo.

Heoi, ehara tēnei i te whakamātautau noa mō te katoa. Tērā pea ka tukuna koe e te tākuta mō tēnei whakamātautau i ngā wā e whai ake nei:

• Mena kei a koe tētahi āhuatanga hauora (hei tauira, ngā tohu o te ATL, HAM/TSP rānei) e whakaaro ana koe he hononga pea ki te mate HTLV-1.
• Mena kei te noho koe i tētahi rohe e kitea whānuitia ana te mate HTLV, ā, kei te whakaaro koe ki te whāngai u.
• Mena kei te tumanako koe kia noho hei kaituku toto, hei kaituku okana rānei (he whakamātautau whakahau tēnei i ngā wāhi maha).

He rongoā kei te wātea mō te HTLV-1? Ka taea te whakaora?

Ki te pono, kāore anō kia kitea he rongoā mō te huaketo HTLV-1. Arā, kāore e taea te whakakore katoa i te huaketo i te tinana. Heoi, kei reira ngā maimoatanga mō ngā mate ATL me HAM/TSP i puta mai i te HTLV-1.

Ka whakamahia ēnei hei rongoā mō te ATL (matepukupuku):

• Ngā rongoā e whakamahia ana mō ētahi atu momo lymphoma, hei tauira te chemotherapy .
• Ngā rongoā ārai huaketo, pērā i te zidovudine (Retrovir®) me te interferon alfa. Heoi, kāore ngā momo ATL katoa e pai ki ēnei rongoā ārai huaketo.
• Te whakawhitinga pūtau take. Kāore e taea tēnei e te katoa he ATL tōna. Engari ki te angitu, ka taea te whakaroa ake i te roanga o te oranga.

Mō te hunga whai mate io (HAM/TSP), ka whakamahia ēnei maimoatanga hei whakahaere i ngā tohu me te whakaora:

• "Interferon alpha".
• Whakaitihia te mumura ki ngā Corticosteroids.
• Interferon beta. Tērā pea ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakaiti i te mumura me te ārai i te kino o ngā io.
• Whakaitihia te pīrori me te pakari o ngā uaua mā te whakamahi i te Baclofen (Lioresal ®) me te tizanidine rānei.
• Oxybutynin mō te kore e taea te pupuri i te mimi.

He aha te mea ka puta mēnā kei a au te HTLV-1? Me āwangawanga ahau?

Koinei te mea tino nui. Ehara i te mea ka pāngia te katoa e te huaketo HTLV-1 e te ATL, e te HAM/TSP rānei. Inaa, ko te nuinga o te hunga kua pangia ka taea te noho noa me te kore e pāngia e ēnei mate kino.

Heoi, ki te pāngia koe e ēnei āhuatanga, ko te tirohanga whānui kei te momo kei a koe. Ko te hunga whai momo ATL mura, mau tonu rānei, ka pai ake te putanga i ērā he momo kē atu. Ahakoa ka kino haere te HAM/TSP i te roanga o te wā, ka taea e koe te ora mō ngā tekau tau i muri i te tātaritanga.

Me pēhea taku tiaki i ahau i tēnei huaketo 'HTLV-1'? He huarahi anō hei ārai i tēnei?

Ae, kei reira ngā mea ka taea e tātou te mahi hei ārai i te horapa o te huaketo 'HTLV-1'.

• Mā te whakamātautau i te toto me ngā whekau i kohaina mō te HTLV-1 ka āwhina i te aukati i te horapa o te huaketo.
• Ka taea e koe te mahi i ēnei mea hei whakaiti i tō mōrearea whaiaro:
• Āta karohia te werohanga i ngā rongoā me te kore he whakahaunga.
• Kaua e whakamahi anō i ngā ngira werohanga kotahi, kaua hoki e tohatoha ki ētahi atu.
• Āta karohia te moe tāne me te wahine kāore i te tiakina. Me whakamahi tonu i te ure rapa i ngā wā katoa e moe tāne ana (te tara, te pūkahukahu, te waha rānei).
• Mena kua whakamātauhia he pai tō HTLV-1, kaua e whāngai ū, kaua hoki e tuku toto. Mena kei a koe te HTLV-1, ā, e hiahia ana koe ki te whāngai ū, rapua he tohutohu mai i tētahi tākuta e mōhio ana ki te HTLV-1. Mā te whakaputa i te waiū ū me te whakatio, kātahi ka whakarewa, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te horapa o te huaketo ki tō pēpi, engari he mea nui kia rapu tohutohu hauora i mua i te mahi pera.

He aha te tikanga o te 'HTLV pai'?

Ko te tikanga o te 'HTLV' he pai kei roto i tō tinana he 'HTLV-1', he momo 'HTLV' rānei. Ehara i te mea ka tino pāngia koe e te 'ATL', 'HAM/TSP' rānei. Mēnā he 'HTLV-1' koe, he maha ngā mahi hei ārai i te horapa o te huaketo ki ētahi atu (pēnei i te kore e whāngai ū, te karo i te moe tāne me te wahine kāore i te tiakina).

He pēhea te mōrearea o tēnei 'HTLV'?

Ko te huaketo HTLV, ina tangohia ko ia anake, kāore i te tino mōrearea, ā, kāore hoki e puta he tohu. Heoi, he mea nui kia mōhio koe ki tēnei, nā te mea ka taea e te HTLV-1 te whakaputa i te mate pukupuku, i ngā mate pūnaha io, i ngā mate mumura rānei.

Āhea ahau me toro atu ki te tākuta?

Mena he pātai āu mō te whakamātautau HTLV-1, mēnā rānei he pai tō HTLV-1, ā, e hiahia ana koe ki te mōhio ki ngā mahi ārai me mahi e koe, me kōrero koe ki te tākuta. He mea nui rawa kia mōhio koe ki tēnei mena kei te noho koe i tētahi rohe e kitea whānuitia ana te HTLV-1.

Hei whakamutunga, ngā mea hei maumahara

Āe, kua maha ā tātou kōrero mō te HTLV-1,' kāore? Kia maumahara, ahakoa he huaketo tēnei e kitea ana puta noa i te ao, kāore i te kitea noa i ngā wāhi maha. He iti noa iho te ōrau o te hunga kua pangia ka pāngia e te mate kino.

Ko te mea nui, kaua e manukanuka kei pai te whakamātautau mō te HTLV-1.Ka taea e te nuinga o te tangata te noho ora me te kore he tohu. Heoi, mā te mōhio ki tēnei huaketo, me pēhea te horapa, me pēhea te ārai, ka āwhina i a koe me te hunga e karapoti ana i a koe ki te tiaki i a koe anō.

Mena he pātai anō āu mō tēnei, kaua e mangere ki te pātai atu ki tō tākuta whānau, ki tētahi tākuta rānei e mōhio ana ki tēnei. Kia ora tonu!