He nui te huka toto? Me ako tātou i ngā mea katoa e pā ana ki te hyperglycemia!

Kei te ahua kino koe i ētahi wā? He ngenge noa iho, he matewai tonu rānei? He tohu pea ēnei kua teitei ake te huka toto. I tēnei rā, ka kōrero tātou mō tēnei āhuatanga e kiia nei ko te huka toto tiketike, e kiia nei rānei e ngā tākuta ko te "Hyperglycemia." Kaua e manukanuka, he āhuatanga tēnei e pāngia ana e te tini o te tangata, ā, he mea nui kia mōhio koe ki tēnei.

He aha te tikanga o te huka toto tiketike? (Hyperglycemia)

Ki te whakarapopototanga, ko te tikanga o te `(Hyperglycemia)` he nui rawa te huka, te hukahuka rānei, i roto i tō toto. Ka puta tēnei ina iti rawa te insulin i roto i tō tātou tinana, ina kore rānei e taea e tō tātou tinana te whakamahi tika i te insulin (e kiia ana tēnei he ātete insulin) .

Ko te hyperglycemia he tohu kei a koe te mate huka . He maha ngā wā ka pāngia te hunga mate huka e te taumata huka toto teitei. Ki te kore e rongoatia tēnei taumata huka toto tiketike mō te wā roa, ka kino pea ō io, ō uaua toto, ō kiko me ō whekau.

I ētahi wā, ki te tino teitei rawa te taumata o te huka toto, ka arahi pea ki tētahi āhuatanga ohorere, morearea hoki e kiia nei ko te diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) . He tino morearea tēnei mō te hunga mate huka e tango ana i te insulin me te hunga kāore anō kia kitea he mate huka momo 1. Me rapu awhina hauora tonu tēnei.

E hia te nui o te huka i roto i te toto e kiia ana he 'tiketike'?

He mea tēnei e tika ana kia whakamāramahia ake.

• Mō te tangata kāore anō kia tāpaetia he mate huka tōna, mēnā he nui ake te taumata huka toto i te 125 mg/dL (miramira ia teririta) i muri i te nohopuku mō te iti rawa o te 8 hāora , ka kiia tēnei he "Hyperglycemia".
• Mena kei waenga i te 100 mg/dL me te 125 mg/dL te taumata huka toto nohopuku o te tangata, ka kiia tēnei he prediabetes . Ko te tikanga he nui te mōrearea ki te whakawhanake i te mate huka.
• Mena he teitei ake ngā taumata huka toto i te 125 mg/dL i te wā nohopuku, ko te tikanga ka kitea te mate huka – ko te nuinga o te wā ko te mate huka momo 2 tēnei. Ina kitea te mate huka momo 1 i te tangata, he tino teitei ngā taumata huka toto (neke atu i te 250 mg/dL).

Mō te tangata mate huka, ko te taumata huka toto neke atu i te 180 mg/dL i te haora, i ngā haora e rua rānei i muri i te kai ka kiia he "Hyperglycemia." Heoi, ka rerekē pea ēnei uara i runga i ō whāinga huka toto. Me kōrero koe ki tō tākuta kia mōhio ai koe he aha te whāinga.

He aha tēnei 'huka' (Glucose) i roto i te toto?

Ko te hukahuka, arā, ko te 'huka' noa iho, te pūtake matua o te pūngao mō ō tātou tinana, e ahu mai ana i ngā warowaihā e kainga ana e tātou. Koinei te pūtake matua o te pūngao o tō tātou tinana. Ka haria tēnei hukahuka mai i ō toto ki ia pūtau o tō tinana, ā, ka whakamahia hei pūngao.

Mena kāore koe i te mate huka, he maha ngā tukanga taiao i roto i ō tātou tinana ka āwhina i te pupuri i ngā taumata huka toto ki te taumata hauora. Ko te mea matua e whai wāhi ana ki tēnei ko te homoni e kiia nei ko te insulin , e hangaia ana e ō tātou repeure.

Ko te korenga o te insulin, te ātete rānei ki te insulin, te take o te huka toto tiketike. Koinei te take o te mate huka. Me tango rongoā te hunga mate huka (rongoā ā-waha, rongoā insulin hangai rānei) me/ranei me whakarerekē i te āhua noho hei whakahaere i ō rātou taumata huka toto.

He pēhea te noa o tēnei āhuatanga?

He tino noa te hyperglycemia me te mate huka. Hei tauira, kotahi i roto i te tekau tāngata i Amerika he mate huka. He tino noa hoki te huka toto tiketike i waenga i te hunga mate huka. Kua tino noa tēnei āhuatanga i roto i tō tātou whenua.

He aha ngā tohu o te huka toto tiketike?

Ina piki ake te taumata o te huka toto, kāore pea koe e kite wawe i ngā tohu nui. Heoi, ka tīmata pea koe ki te kite mārire i ēnei tohu.

Ngā tohu e puta wawe ana:

• Te nui o te matewai (polydipsia) me/te hiakai rānei.
• Te hiahia kia mimi pinepine.
• Mamae upoko (mamae upoko).
• He pōuri te tirohanga.

Ngā tohu e puta ana ina piki haere te taumata o te huka i roto i te wā:

• Tino ngenge noa iho.
• Te whakaheke taumaha (kāore he take).
• He nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā wāhine ki te pāngia e ngā mate rewena tara .
• Ngā mate kiri .
• He roa te wā e ora ai ngā patunga.

Mena kei a koe, kei tāu tamaiti rānei tētahi o ēnei tohu, he mea tino nui kia toro atu koe ki te tākuta mō ētahi tohutohu.

He rerekē te taumata huka toto e tīmata ai te hunga mate huka ki te pāngia e ngā tohu i ia tangata, i ia tangata. Ko te nuinga o te tangata kāore e pāngia e ngā tohu nui tae noa ki te ekenga o te huka toto ki te 250 mg/dL, neke atu rānei. Heoi, ko te hunga kāore anō kia tautuhia he mate huka rātou, ka pāngia pea e ngā tohu i ngā taumata iti iho.

Ki te tango koe i te insulin, i ētahi atu rongoā mate huka rānei, he mea nui kia mōhio koe ki ngā tohu tōmua o te huka toto tiketike, me te tirotiro i ō taumata huka toto i ia wā. Ki te kore e rongoatia, ka arahi pea tēnei āhuatanga (hyperglycemia) ki te ketoacidosis mate huka (DKA).Ka taea e tēnei te arahi ki tētahi āhuatanga morearea e kiia nei ko te ketoacidosis. Koinei te wā ka waikawa te toto nā te korenga o te insulin me te pikinga o ngā matū e kiia nei ko ngā ketones. Ka pā hoki tēnei ki te hunga kāore anō kia kitea he mate huka momo 1. Ka taea tēnei te noho hei āhuatanga ohorere, ka arahi ki te koma, ki te mate rānei.

Āhuatanga mōrearea: Ngā tohu o te ketoacidosis mate huka (DKA):

• Whakapairuaki me te ruaki.
• Te matewai - te ngaronga o te wai i roto i te tinana.
• Mamae puku.
• He manawa kakara hua.
• Te manawa hohonu, te manawa uaua, te manawa tere rānei (te manawa Kussmaul).
• Te tere o te manawa o te ngakau.
• Te pōhēhē me te kore aro.
• Te ngaronga o te māramatanga.

Mena kei a koe, kei tāu tamaiti rānei ēnei tohu o te `(DKA)`, rapua tonutia he awhina hauora!

He aha te take e piki ai te huka toto pēnei? He aha ngā take?

Ko te take matua o te huka toto tiketike ko te korenga o te insulin. Tērā pea nā te ātete ki te insulin, nā ngā raruraru rānei o te repe taiaki e whakaputa ana i te insulin.

Ka taea hoki e ētahi atu homoni te whai wāhi ki te huka toto tiketike. Hei tauira, ko te nui haere o te cortisol (e mōhiotia ana ko te "hormone ahotea"), te homoni tipu rānei, ka taea hoki te whai wāhi ki te huka toto tiketike.

Te Ātete ki te Insulin

Ko te tino take o te hyperglycemia ko te ātete ki te insulin . Koinei te wā kāore ō pūtau uaua, ngako, me te ate e aro tika ki te insulin.

Ina kore ō pūtau e aro tika ki te insulin, me nui ake te insulin e hiahiatia ana e tō tinana hei whakahaere i tō huka toto. Ki te kore e taea e tō tinana te hanga i te insulin e ranea ana (ki te kore rānei e nui te insulin e tangohia ana e koe), ka piki ake ngā taumata huka toto.

Ko te ātete ki te insulin te tino take o te mate huka momo 2. Heoi, ka taea hoki te pā ki te hunga kāore he mate huka, me te hunga he momo mate huka anō hoki. Ka taea te noho mō te wā poto, te wā roa rānei.

Ko ētahi o ngā tino take o te ātete ki te insulin:

• Momonatanga: E whakapono ana ngā kaipūtaiao ko te momonatanga, inā koa te ngako nui rawa atu i te puku me te taha o ngā whekau (e kiia ana e mātou ko te 'ngako visceral' ), tētahi o ngā tino take o te ātete ki te insulin.
• Te kore mahi ā-tinana.
• He kai e whai ana i ngā kai tino tukatukahia, he nui te warowaihā me te ngako kukū.
• Ētahi rongoā: Hei tauira , ngā corticosteroids, ētahi rongoā toto toto tiketike, ētahi rongoā HIV, me ētahi rongoā hinengaro. Ka taea e ēnei te whakararu i te ātete insulin, mō te wā poto, mō te wā roa rānei, i runga i te roa o te wā e tangohia ana e koe.

Ka taea hoki e ētahi āhuatanga homoni te whakararu i te ātete ki te insulin:

• Te mate a Cushing (te pikinga o te cortisol).
• Acromegaly (te pikinga o te homoni tipu).
• Hapūtanga: I te wā e hapū ana, ka taea e ngā homoni e tukuna ana e te whenua whānau te whakararu i te ātete ki te insulin. Ka taea e tēnei te arahi ki te mate huka hapūtanga i roto i ētahi tāngata.

Ko ētahi āhuatanga ira tuku iho e pā ana ki te ātete ki te insulin:

• Te mate Rabson-Mendenhall
• Te mate Donohue
• 'Te mate pukupuku myotonic'
• Te mate Alström
• Te mate a Werner

Ngā raruraru o te repeure

Ka taea e te kino o tō repe taiaki te whakaiti i te hanga o te insulin, ka arahi ki te hyperglycemia. Ko ētahi o ngā mate repe taiaki ka taea te hua ake te hyperglycemia me te mate huka ko:

• Mate pūmua ā-tinana: I roto i te mate huka momo 1, ka whakaekea e tō pūnaha ārai mate ngā pūtau whakaputa insulin i roto i tō repe taiaki mō tētahi take kāore i te mōhiotia. Ko te tikanga tēnei kāore e taea e tō repe taiaki te hanga insulin, ka hua ake te hyperglycemia. Ko tētahi āhuatanga e kiia nei ko te Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) ka puta mai anō i tētahi tauhohenga pūmua ā-tinana, engari ka puhoi ake te whanaketanga i te mate huka momo 1.
• Pancreatitis mau tonu: Ka puta te mumura roa o te pancreas i tēnei mate, ka kino pea ngā pūtau e hanga ana i te insulin. Ka arahi pea tēnei ki te korenga o te insulin (hyperglycemia). Ko te Pancreatitis tētahi o ngā tino take o te mate huka momo 3c .
• Matepukupuku repeure: Ka taea e te matepukupuku repeure te kino i ngā pūtau e hanga ana i te insulin, ka puta te korenga o te insulin (hyperglycemia). Tata ki te 25% o te hunga he matepukupuku repeure ka kitea he mate huka i roto i te 6 ki te 36 marama i mua i te tautuhi i te matepukupuku.
• Te mate pukupuku kiriuhi: Ka pāngia pea te hunga whai mate pukupuku kiriuhi e te kiriuhi nā te nui rawa o te hūpē. Ka whakaitihia te nui o te insulin e hangaia ana e te mate pukupuku kiriuhi, ka hua ake te hyperglycemia me te mate huka e pā ana ki te mate pukupuku kiriuhi (CFRD) .

Ngā take o te pikinga huka mō te wā poto

I ētahi wā, ka pāngia pea te hunga whai mate huka me te hunga kāore he mate huka e te pikinga wā poto o te huka toto (hyperglycemia).

• Te ahotea tinana, pērā i te mate, te pokanga, te whara rāneiKa taea e tēnei te whakanui ake i te huka toto mō tētahi wā poto.
• Ka taea hoki e te ahotea kare ā-roto ohorere , pērā i te aituā mamae, te ahotea mahi rānei, te piki ake o te taumata huka toto. Nā te tukunga o ngā homoni e kiia nei ko te cortisol me/ranei te epinephrine (adrenaline) .

Ngā take motuhake e hua ai te huka toto tiketike i roto i te hunga mate huka

He maha ngā take e nui ai te huka toto o te hunga mate huka. Ka tupu pea tēnei mena kāore i te taurite ngā kai me ngā rongoā mate huka.

Ngā āhuatanga noa ka pā mai te "Hyperglycemia" i roto i te hunga mate huka:

• Kāore i te nui te insulin e tangohia ana, te momo insulin hē e tangohia ana, te insulin kua pau te wā e tangohia ana, te raruraru rānei ki te wāhi werohanga insulin (hei tauira, he raruraru ki te wāhi werohanga mō te tangata e whakamahi ana i te papu insulin).
• Te wā hē o te kai insulin me te kai warowaihā.
• Kāore pea te nui o ngā warowaihā e kainga ana e koe e rite ana ki te nui o te insulin ka taea e tō tinana te whakaputa, ki te nui rānei o te insulin ka werohia e koe.
• Kāore i te rawaka te nui o ō rongoā mate huka e tangohia ana e koe.
• Te iti ake o te kaha o te tinana i tō te tikanga.
• Te āhua o te atatu: Te pikinga o te huka toto i te atatu.

He aha ngā raruraru ka puta mai mēnā ka piki tonu te huka toto?

Mena he nui te huka toto (hyperglycemia mau tonu) mō ngā tau maha, ka taea e ia te kino i ō oko toto me ō kiko. Ka arahi pea tēnei ki ngā momo raruraru. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko:

• Retinopathy, e pā ana ki ngā kanohi .
• Te nephropathy, e pā ana ki ngā whatukuhu .
• Neuropathy, e pā ana ki ngā io .
• Ko te Gastroparesis, e whakaroa ana i te whakawātea o te puku .
• Mate ngakau .
• Te whiu .

Ko te mea nui kia maumahara ko ētahi atu āhuatanga, pērā i ngā awe ira me te roa o te wā e pāngia ana koe e te mate huka, ka pā pea ki te whanaketanga o ngā raruraru mate huka.

Mā te pikinga ohorere me te nui o te huka toto (te hyperglycemia acute) ka arahi pea ki tētahi mate morearea e kiia nei ko te diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) .

Me pēhea te tautuhi i tēnei?

Ka whakahaua e ngā tākuta ngā whakamātautau toto hei tirotiro mō te hyperglycemia me te tautuhi i te mate huka. Kei roto i ēnei whakamātautau ko:

• Ngā whakamātautau huka toto nohopuku.
• Ngā whakamātautau manawanui huka.
• Whakamātautau A1c.

Ka whakamātauhia e te hunga mate huka ō rātou huka toto ki te kāinga (mā te whakamahi i te mita huka toto). Mā tēnei ka taea e rātou te aroturuki i ō rātou taumata huka toto me te tirotiro mō te hyperglycemia. Mena ka whakamahia e koe he pūnaha aroturuki huka toto tonu (CGM) , ka taea e ia te whakatūpato i a koe ina teitei tō huka toto. Heoi, ka hē pea tēnei hangarau i ētahi wā, nō reira, ki te kore ngā pānui CGM e ōrite ki ō kare ā-roto, he mea nui kia tirohia tō huka toto me te mita huka toto.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i te huka toto tiketike? (Maimoatanga)

Ki te tango koe i te insulin hei whakahaere i tō mate huka, ko te huarahi matua ki te rongoā i te huka toto tiketike ko te werohanga insulin. He rerekē te nui o te insulin e hiahiatia ana e te katoa. Mā kōrua ko tō tākuta e whakatau tahi ko tēhea te horopeta pai hei rongoā me te ārai i te huka toto tiketike māu. Ka taea hoki e ngā whakarerekētanga kai me te mahere whakakori tinana te āwhina ki te whakahaere i tō huka toto me te ārai i te hyperglycemia.

Ka taea e te hunga mate huka momo 2 kāore e hiahiatia he insulin te whakahaere i ō rātou toto toto tiketike mā te whakarerekē i te momo noho (pēnei i te kai me te whakakori tinana) me ngā rongoā mate huka ā-waha. Mā kōrua ko tō tākuta e whakatau ko tēhea te mahere e pai ana māu.

He aha te momo tumanako ka taea e koe i a koe e noho ana i roto i tēnei āhuatanga?

Ko te matapae mō te hunga e pāngia ana e te hyperglycemia e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pai o tā rātou whakahaere i tō rātou mate huka whānui.

He maha ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te pai o te whakahaere a te tangata i tana mate huka:

• Te urunga atu ki ngā ratonga hauora.
• Te urunga atu ki te mātauranga mate huka.
• Te urunga atu ki ngā hangarau me ngā rongoā mō te whakahaere mate huka.
• Te āheinga ki te uru atu ki ngā rauemi mō te kai hauora me te whakakori tinana.
• Tautoko mai i te hunga e arohaina ana.
• Ngā āhuatanga hauora hinengaro (hei tauira, te pouri, te manukanuka).
• Ētahi atu āhuatanga hauora tinana.

Ka taea e te hyperglycemia roa te arahi ki ngā raruraru kino, ā, he maha ngā wā kāore e taea te whakatika i ēnei raruraru. He maha ngā rangahau kua whakaatu ko te hyperglycemia roa kāore i te rongoatia ka whakapoto i te roanga o te oranga, ā, ka kino ake te kounga o te oranga.

Ko te mea nui ko te mōhio ka taea e koe te noho ora me te mate huka. He mea tino nui ēnei mea mō te tirohanga pai:

• Ngā huringa o te āhua noho.
• Te whakakorikori tinana i ia wā, i ia wā.
• Ngā huringa o te kai.
• Te tirotiro i te huka toto i ia wā (ina koa mō te hunga e tango ana i te insulin).

Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau he mate huka te hunga e mate anaMā te pupuri i te taumata A1C i raro i te 7% ka taea te whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā raruraru.

Me pēhea te ārai i te huka toto tiketike pinepine?

Heoi, he uaua ki te ārai katoa i te huka toto tiketike ina he mate huka koe. Heoi, ka taea e koe te whakarerekē i tō mahere whakahaere mate huka hei whakaiti i te auau o te huka toto tiketike.

He māmā ake tēnei ina mārama kōrua ko tō tākuta ki te take o te tiketike o te huka toto. Hoatu ki tō tākuta ngā kōrero taipitopito katoa e taea ana mō ia wā e teitei ana te huka toto. I ētahi wā, ko te otinga ki te raruraru he ngāwari noa iho mā te whakarerekē i ngā wā e tango ai koe i tō rongoā, e kai ai, e whakakorikori tinana ai rānei.

Ka āwhina ēnei mahi ki te aukati i te huka toto tiketike:

• Tangohia ō rongoā katoa kia rite ki te mea i whakaritea.
• Whāia ngā tohutohu a tō tākuta mō te kai me te whakakori tinana.
• Tirohia tō huka toto i ia wā, i ia wā.

Āhea koe me toro atu ki te tākuta mō te huka toto tiketike?

Mena he mate huka tōu, ā, he maha ngā wā ka nui haere te huka toto, tirohia tō tākuta, māna koe e āwhina ki te whakahaere i tō mate huka. Ka taea e ia te āwhina i a koe ki te whakarerekē i tō mahere whakahaere. Kei roto pea i tēnei ko ngā huringa ki tō tikanga rongoā, ki tō mahere kai, ki tō mahinga whakakori tinana rānei.

Āhea koe me haere ki te Wāhanga Maimoatanga Ohotata (ETU) ?

Mena kei a koe ngā tohu o te `(DKA)` (hei tauira, te ruaki me te matewai nui me te huka toto tiketike), haere tonu ki te rūma whawhati tata. Me tere tonu te awhina hauora ki te `(DKA)`.

He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te huka toto tiketike (Hyperglycemia) me te huka toto iti (Hypoglycemia)?

• Ko te hyperglycemia he pikinga o te huka toto. Ko te tikanga o te "Hyper-" he "teitei" he "rahi rawa" rānei.
• Ko te hypoglycemia he huka toto iti. Ko te tikanga o "Hypo-" he "iti".

He tino noa te hyperglycemia i waenga i te hunga mate huka. Mā te tirotiro i tō huka toto me te toro atu ki tō tākuta mate huka i ia wā ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakahaere i tō mate huka me te hyperglycemia. Kia maumahara, ehara te huka toto tiketike i te mea me mahi tonu koe. Kia mōhio koe he mea ka taea e koe te mahi hei ārai i tēnei. Mena kei te pōuri koe ki te whakahaere i tō mate huka, kōrero ki tō tākuta. Ka taea e kōrua te hanga tahi i tētahi mahere hei whakatutuki i ō whāinga whakahaere.

Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga

Nō reira, mai i ngā mea kua kōrerotia e tātou, me mārama koe ki te tikanga o te huka toto tiketike, te "Hyperglycemia" rānei, ōna take, ōna tohu, me pēhea te whakahaere.

Ko te mea nui ko te toro atu ki te tākuta mēnā kei a koe ēnei tohu. Mēnā ka kitea wawetia, ā, ka whakahaerea tika, ka taea e koe te ora hauora, harikoa hoki.

• Kia tūpato ki ngā taumata huka o tō toto.
• Whakamahia tika te rongoā kua tohua.
• Kai i tētahi kai hauora .
• Whakakorikori tinana i ia wā, i ia wā.
• Ngāna kia whakaitihia te ahotea .

Ki te tika āu mahi i ēnei mea, ka tino āwhinahia koe ki te tiaki i a koe anō mai i te "Hyperglycemia" me ngā raruraru ka puta mai i te mate huka. Kāore koe i te mokemoke, ā, he tokomaha ngā tāngata ka taea te āwhina i a koe i tēnei haerenga.

Te huka toto nui, te mate huka, te huka toto, te insulin, ngā tohu, te DKA, te ātete ki te insulin