Skip to main content

He pokanga mō tō mamae tuara? Me ako tātou i ngā mea katoa mō te laminectomy!

He pokanga mō tō mamae tuara? Me ako tātou i ngā mea katoa mō te laminectomy!

Ahakoa te nui o te rongoā e tangohia ana e koe, kāore rānei e memeha haere tō mamae tuara? I ētahi wā ka heke iho tēnei mamae i ō waewae, ā, ka rite ō waewae ki te ngoikore haere? Mena kei te pāngia koe e tēnei mamae tae noa ki te kore e taea e koe te mahi tika i ō mahi o ia rā, kua kōrero pea tō tākuta ki a koe mō tētahi pokanga e kiia nei ko te laminectomy. Tērā pea he ahua whakamataku te ingoa, engari he pokanga tino noa. Nō reira, i tēnei rā, kia kitea ngā whakautu ki ō pātai katoa mō tēnei, pērā i te kōrero ki tētahi hoa.

He aha te laminectomy? He māmā noa iho...

Whakaarohia ko te taurakira me ngā io e puta mai ana i reira he rite ki ngā motuka i runga i te rori pukumahi. Ko ngā whare i ngā taha e rua o te rori (arā, ko te tuaiwi) kei te aukati i te rori, ka hanga he ara waka. Ko te pokanga laminectomy he rite ki te whakawhānui i te rori.

Hei whakamārama tika, i roto i tēnei pokanga, ka tangohia e te tākuta tētahi wahi iti o te wheua e kiia nei ko te 'lamina' kei muri o tētahi o ō tuaiwi. Mā tēnei ka whānui ake te wāhi (awa tuaiwi) kei reira te taura tuaiwi me ngā io. Mā tēnei ka wātea ngā io i pēhia, i pēhia hoki. Mā tēnei ka whakaiti i te mamae me te ngoikore o tō tuara me ō waewae.

He aha koe i hiahia ai ki te Laminectomy?

Kāore ngā tākuta e whakamahi tonu i te pokanga. Ka whakamātau tuatahi rātou i ngā rongoā pēnei i te whakaora tinana me ngā rongoā whakamamae mamae. Engari mēnā kāore aua rongoā e whakahaere i ō tohumate, kātahi rātou ka whakaaro ki te pokanga.

I te nuinga o te wā, ko te tino take o tēnei he mate e kiia nei ko te spinal stenosis . I a tātou e pakeke haere ana, ka memeha haere te kiriuhi i waenganui i ō tātou tuaiwi, ā, i ētahi wā ka puta he wheua tāpiri. Mā tēnei ka āta whaiti haere te ara mō te taurakira. Mā tēnei whaiti ka pēhia ngā io.

Ka taea e te stenosis spinal te whakaputa i ngā tohu penei:

  • Mamae kaki
  • Mamae pakihiwi
  • Mamae nui o te tuara
  • Te ngoikore o ngā peka
  • Te wiri i ngā waewae
  • He uaua ki ētahi tāngata te whakahaere i ō rātou puku me te mimi.

Ētahi atu take ka arahi pea ki te pokanga laminectomy
Mate rumatiki Ka puta ngā huringa ki te tuaiwi i te pupuhi o ngā hononga, ā, ka kōpiko hoki ngā io.
Kōpae Herniated Ka pupuhi te urunga rite ki te tiēre i waenganui i ngā tuaiwi, ka pēhi i ngā io. Ka kiia hoki tēnei he 'herniation kōpae tuaiwi'.
Whati wheua He whati te taurakira me te pakaru o ngā io i roto i tētahi aituā.
Puku Tuaiwi Te pēhanga o ngā io nā te tipu o te pukupuku e tata ana ki te taurakira.

Me pēhea te whakarite i mua i te pokanga?

I mua i te pokanga, ka hoatu e tō tākuta he tohutohu mārama ki a koe mō ngā mea hei mahi. He mea tino nui kia whai tika koe i ēnei tohutohu.

Te tohutohu a te tākuta

  • Whakamātauria: Me whai pūrongo whakamātautau hou pea koe, pērā i ngā hihi-X me ngā MRI, hei aromatawai mārama i te āhua o tō tuara.
  • Kati te tango i ētahi rongoā: Ka taea e ētahi rongoā e tangohia ana e koe (tae atu ki ngā rongoā whakamamae mamae me ngā huaora) te whakararu i te pokanga me tō whakaoranga. Nō reira, me kōrero ki tō tākuta mō ngā rongoā katoa e tangohia ana e koe. Kati te tango i aua rongoā mō ētahi rā e ai ki ngā tohutohu.
  • Kaua e kai paipa: Mena he kai paipa koe, he mea tino nui kia mutu te kai i mua i te pokanga. Ka pā mai pea ngā raruraru i muri i te pokanga me te whakaroa i te whakaora o te patunga.
  • Whakaritea ngā mahi o te whare i mua i te wā: Me okioki koe mō tētahi wā i muri i te pokanga. Nō reira, hokoa ngā taonga o te whare e tika ana i mua i te wā. Kōrero ki te whānau me ngā hoa, ā, whakaritea he tangata hei āwhina i a koe.

Kaua e kai, kaua e inu i tetahi mea i muri i te waenganui pō i te pō i mua i te pokanga. He mea tino nui tēnei mō te rongoā whakamoe.

I te rā o te pokanga...

  • Kākahuria he kākahu whakamarie, he kākahu koretake.
  • Tangohia ngā whakapaipai katoa, pērā i ngā whakakai taringa, ngā hei kaki, me ngā poroporo, ka waiho ki te kāinga.
  • Kawea atu tō kāri inihua, tō kāri tuakiri, me ētahi atu.
  • I muri i te pokanga, ka haere tahi koe me tētahi hei kawe i a koe ki te kāinga, hei tiaki hoki i a koe.

He aha ngā mea ka tupu i te wā o te pokanga?

Ka mahia tēnei pokanga i raro i te rongoā whakamoe whānui. Ko te tikanga, kāore koe e mamae, ā, ka moe katoa koe.

1. Whakamoemiti: Ka hipokina tō mata e te tākuta whakamoemiti, ā, ka hoatu he hau whakamoemiti ki a koe. Tērā pea ka hoatu e ia he rongoā mā te uaua. Ka moe koe i roto i ētahi manawa torutoru. Ka aroturukihia tō tere o te ngakau me tō manawa e tētahi rōpū tohunga puta noa i te pokanga.

2. Pokanga:

  • Ka hurihia tō mata ki raro, ka meinga kia takoto ki raro me tō tuara ki runga.
  • Ka tapahia e te tākuta e mahi ana i te pokanga he kiri iti ki runga i te wāhi mamae.
  • Kātahi ka panaia mārire ngā uaua me ngā kiko ki te taha kia kitea te tuaiwi.
  • Nā, ko te wāhanga nui tēnei. Ko ngā kongakonga wheua tāpiri, ko ngā whēkau wheua, ko ngā hononga rānei e whakawhāiti ana i ngā io, ka tapahia marietia, ka tangohia.
  • I ētahi wā, ka taea te whakakotahi i tēnei pokanga me ētahi atu tikanga. Hei tauira, ki te kore e pumau te tuaiwi, ka taea te mahi i tētahi pokanga honohono tuaiwi , e hono ana i ngā tuaiwi e rua. Ka taea rānei te mahi i tētahi diskectomy , e tango ana i tētahi kōpae herniated.

I te nuinga o te wā ka roa te tango i te laminectomy i waenga i te 1 ki te 3 hāora. Heoi, ki te uaua te āhua, ka roa ake pea. I te mutunga o te pokanga, ka katihia te tapahi ki ngā tuitui, ki ngā staples rānei. Kātahi ka hurihia koe ki tō taha, ā, ka whakaarahia koe i muri i te rongoā whakamoe.

He aha ngā mea ka tupu i muri i te pokanga?

I te hōhipera...

I muri i tō oho ake, ka haria koe ki te wāhanga whai muri i te pokanga, ā, mā ngā nēhi koe e tiaki pai ki reira.

  • Tērā pea ka ahua pōuri koe: Tērā pea ka ahua hiamoe koe mō ētahi haora i muri i te oho ake. He mea noa tēnei.
  • Tērā pea ka pāngia koe e te mamae: He mea noa te pāngia e te mamae i te wāhi i pokangahia ai. Ka hoatu he rongoā whakamamae mamae ki a koe mō tēnei.
  • Ka tīmata koe ki te hikoi: I runga i te āhua o te pokanga, ka tonoa koe kia ara ake, kia hikoi haereere me te āwhina a te nēhi i taua ahiahi, i te aonga ake rānei. He mea tino nui tēnei nā te mea ka pai ake te rere o te toto i te hikoi, ā, ka ārai i te toto e pupuhi ana i ō waewae.
  • Whakaora tinana: Ka tukuna koe e tō tākuta ki tētahi kaiwhakaora tinana. Māna koe e ako ki ngā mahi whakakori tinana kia āta haere.

I muri i te hokinga ki te kāinga...

  • Kaua e taraiwa mō te 1-2 wiki.
  • Kaua e piko whakamua, e hiki rānei i ngā mea taumaha mō ētahi wiki.
  • Kia ma, kia maroke hoki te patunga. He uaua ki te pania te rongoā ki te whara o te tuara ko koe anake, nō reira tonoa he āwhina mai i tētahi mema o te whānau.
  • Pātai atu ki tō tākuta mō te āhua o te kaukau.
  • Ka taea te tango i ngā tuitui, i ngā tāpiri rānei i roto i te rua wiki pea. Kaua e ngana ki te tango i a rātou anō .
  • Āta karohia ngā rerenga roa me ngā haerenga waka mō tētahi wā. Ki te tika, whakatikahia, ka hikoi haere i ia hāora.

He aha ngā mōrearea ka pā mai i tēnei pokanga?

Pērā i ngā pokanga katoa, he tūponotanga kei reira. Engari he onge ēnei. Mā tō tākuta ēnei e whakamārama ki a koe i mua i te wā.

Mōrearea He whakamārama māmā
Te toto Te toto iti i te wā o te pokanga, i muri rānei i te pokanga.
Mate pāwera He iti te tūponotanga o te pangia e te patunga.
Ngā Putunga Toto Ngā toto totoka, inā koa i ngā waewae. Ko te hikoi tere te huarahi hei ārai i tēnei.
Te Pakaru o te Io He tino onge te pakaru o te io, ka ngoikore ai, ka māuiui rānei.
Te turuturu o te wai tuaiwi He turuturu iti o te wai cerebrospinal (CSF) e karapoti ana i te taurakira.

He aha mēnā kei te mamae tonu i muri i te pokanga? Te Mate Whai Muri i te Laminectomy

I ētahi wā, he tino onge, kāore te mamae e memeha haere pērā i te mea e tumanakohia ana i muri i te pokanga. I ētahi wā ka puta mai pea he tohu hou. Koinei te āhuaKo te ingoa o tēnei ko te Post-Laminectomy Syndrome.

Ki te pāngia koe e tēnei, he mea nui kia kōrero tonu atu koe ki tō tākuta . Ka taea te kimi i te pūtake, ā, ka taea te tīmata i te maimoatanga tika (pēnei i ngā mahi whakakori tinana motuhake, ngā rongoā, ngā werohanga, me ētahi atu). Kaua e manukanuka, kei reira ngā otinga mō ngā mea katoa.

Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga

  • He pokanga noa te laminectomy hei rongoā i te mamae o te tuara me te waewae i puta mai i te pēhanga o te io. Ka nui ake te wāhi mō ngā io.
  • I te nuinga o te wā ka tūtohu te tākuta i tēnei pokanga mēnā kāore i angitu ētahi atu maimoatanga.
  • He mea tino nui kia tere ai te ora me te whai i ngā tohutohu a te tākuta i mua atu, i muri hoki i te pokanga.
  • He roa te wā e ora ai. Kia manawanui. Kāore e rite te whakaora o te katoa. Kaua e tere.
  • Mena ka mau tonu te mamae i muri i te pokanga, ka puta rānei he tohu hou, kaua e mangere ki te kōrero ki tō tākuta.

Laminectomy, laminectomy, pokanga tuara sinhala, stenosis tuaiwi sinhala, stenosis tuaiwi, mamae tuara
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Kaore ano kia tukuna he korero. Tāpirihia to korero ki konei mo te wa tuatahi.

Tāpirihia to korero

Tātaihia koa: 7 + 2 =
He pokanga mō tō mamae tuara? Me ako tātou i ngā mea katoa mō te laminectomy!
Ngā pokanga6 Hūrae 2026

He pokanga mō tō mamae tuara? Me ako tātou i ngā mea katoa mō te laminectomy!

Ahakoa te nui o te rongoā e tangohia ana e koe, kāore rānei e memeha haere tō mamae tuara? I ētahi wā ka heke iho tēnei mamae i ō waewae, ā, ka rite ō waewae ki te ngoikore haere? Mena kei te pāngia koe e tēnei mamae tae noa ki te kore e taea e koe te mahi tika i ō mahi o ia rā, kua kōrero pea tō tākuta ki a koe mō tētahi pokanga e kiia nei ko te laminectomy. Tērā pea he ahua whakamataku te ingoa, engari he pokanga tino noa. Nō reira, i tēnei rā, kia kitea ngā whakautu ki ō pātai katoa mō tēnei, pērā i te kōrero ki tētahi hoa.

He aha te laminectomy? He māmā noa iho...

Whakaarohia ko te taurakira me ngā io e puta mai ana i reira he rite ki ngā motuka i runga i te rori pukumahi. Ko ngā whare i ngā taha e rua o te rori (arā, ko te tuaiwi) kei te aukati i te rori, ka hanga he ara waka. Ko te pokanga laminectomy he rite ki te whakawhānui i te rori.

Hei whakamārama tika, i roto i tēnei pokanga, ka tangohia e te tākuta tētahi wahi iti o te wheua e kiia nei ko te 'lamina' kei muri o tētahi o ō tuaiwi. Mā tēnei ka whānui ake te wāhi (awa tuaiwi) kei reira te taura tuaiwi me ngā io. Mā tēnei ka wātea ngā io i pēhia, i pēhia hoki. Mā tēnei ka whakaiti i te mamae me te ngoikore o tō tuara me ō waewae.

He aha koe i hiahia ai ki te Laminectomy?

Kāore ngā tākuta e whakamahi tonu i te pokanga. Ka whakamātau tuatahi rātou i ngā rongoā pēnei i te whakaora tinana me ngā rongoā whakamamae mamae. Engari mēnā kāore aua rongoā e whakahaere i ō tohumate, kātahi rātou ka whakaaro ki te pokanga.

I te nuinga o te wā, ko te tino take o tēnei he mate e kiia nei ko te spinal stenosis . I a tātou e pakeke haere ana, ka memeha haere te kiriuhi i waenganui i ō tātou tuaiwi, ā, i ētahi wā ka puta he wheua tāpiri. Mā tēnei ka āta whaiti haere te ara mō te taurakira. Mā tēnei whaiti ka pēhia ngā io.

Ka taea e te stenosis spinal te whakaputa i ngā tohu penei:

  • Mamae kaki
  • Mamae pakihiwi
  • Mamae nui o te tuara
  • Te ngoikore o ngā peka
  • Te wiri i ngā waewae
  • He uaua ki ētahi tāngata te whakahaere i ō rātou puku me te mimi.

Ētahi atu take ka arahi pea ki te pokanga laminectomy
Mate rumatiki Ka puta ngā huringa ki te tuaiwi i te pupuhi o ngā hononga, ā, ka kōpiko hoki ngā io.
Kōpae Herniated Ka pupuhi te urunga rite ki te tiēre i waenganui i ngā tuaiwi, ka pēhi i ngā io. Ka kiia hoki tēnei he 'herniation kōpae tuaiwi'.
Whati wheua He whati te taurakira me te pakaru o ngā io i roto i tētahi aituā.
Puku Tuaiwi Te pēhanga o ngā io nā te tipu o te pukupuku e tata ana ki te taurakira.

Me pēhea te whakarite i mua i te pokanga?

I mua i te pokanga, ka hoatu e tō tākuta he tohutohu mārama ki a koe mō ngā mea hei mahi. He mea tino nui kia whai tika koe i ēnei tohutohu.

Te tohutohu a te tākuta

  • Whakamātauria: Me whai pūrongo whakamātautau hou pea koe, pērā i ngā hihi-X me ngā MRI, hei aromatawai mārama i te āhua o tō tuara.
  • Kati te tango i ētahi rongoā: Ka taea e ētahi rongoā e tangohia ana e koe (tae atu ki ngā rongoā whakamamae mamae me ngā huaora) te whakararu i te pokanga me tō whakaoranga. Nō reira, me kōrero ki tō tākuta mō ngā rongoā katoa e tangohia ana e koe. Kati te tango i aua rongoā mō ētahi rā e ai ki ngā tohutohu.
  • Kaua e kai paipa: Mena he kai paipa koe, he mea tino nui kia mutu te kai i mua i te pokanga. Ka pā mai pea ngā raruraru i muri i te pokanga me te whakaroa i te whakaora o te patunga.
  • Whakaritea ngā mahi o te whare i mua i te wā: Me okioki koe mō tētahi wā i muri i te pokanga. Nō reira, hokoa ngā taonga o te whare e tika ana i mua i te wā. Kōrero ki te whānau me ngā hoa, ā, whakaritea he tangata hei āwhina i a koe.

Kaua e kai, kaua e inu i tetahi mea i muri i te waenganui pō i te pō i mua i te pokanga. He mea tino nui tēnei mō te rongoā whakamoe.

I te rā o te pokanga...

  • Kākahuria he kākahu whakamarie, he kākahu koretake.
  • Tangohia ngā whakapaipai katoa, pērā i ngā whakakai taringa, ngā hei kaki, me ngā poroporo, ka waiho ki te kāinga.
  • Kawea atu tō kāri inihua, tō kāri tuakiri, me ētahi atu.
  • I muri i te pokanga, ka haere tahi koe me tētahi hei kawe i a koe ki te kāinga, hei tiaki hoki i a koe.

He aha ngā mea ka tupu i te wā o te pokanga?

Ka mahia tēnei pokanga i raro i te rongoā whakamoe whānui. Ko te tikanga, kāore koe e mamae, ā, ka moe katoa koe.

1. Whakamoemiti: Ka hipokina tō mata e te tākuta whakamoemiti, ā, ka hoatu he hau whakamoemiti ki a koe. Tērā pea ka hoatu e ia he rongoā mā te uaua. Ka moe koe i roto i ētahi manawa torutoru. Ka aroturukihia tō tere o te ngakau me tō manawa e tētahi rōpū tohunga puta noa i te pokanga.

2. Pokanga:

  • Ka hurihia tō mata ki raro, ka meinga kia takoto ki raro me tō tuara ki runga.
  • Ka tapahia e te tākuta e mahi ana i te pokanga he kiri iti ki runga i te wāhi mamae.
  • Kātahi ka panaia mārire ngā uaua me ngā kiko ki te taha kia kitea te tuaiwi.
  • Nā, ko te wāhanga nui tēnei. Ko ngā kongakonga wheua tāpiri, ko ngā whēkau wheua, ko ngā hononga rānei e whakawhāiti ana i ngā io, ka tapahia marietia, ka tangohia.
  • I ētahi wā, ka taea te whakakotahi i tēnei pokanga me ētahi atu tikanga. Hei tauira, ki te kore e pumau te tuaiwi, ka taea te mahi i tētahi pokanga honohono tuaiwi , e hono ana i ngā tuaiwi e rua. Ka taea rānei te mahi i tētahi diskectomy , e tango ana i tētahi kōpae herniated.

I te nuinga o te wā ka roa te tango i te laminectomy i waenga i te 1 ki te 3 hāora. Heoi, ki te uaua te āhua, ka roa ake pea. I te mutunga o te pokanga, ka katihia te tapahi ki ngā tuitui, ki ngā staples rānei. Kātahi ka hurihia koe ki tō taha, ā, ka whakaarahia koe i muri i te rongoā whakamoe.

He aha ngā mea ka tupu i muri i te pokanga?

I te hōhipera...

I muri i tō oho ake, ka haria koe ki te wāhanga whai muri i te pokanga, ā, mā ngā nēhi koe e tiaki pai ki reira.

  • Tērā pea ka ahua pōuri koe: Tērā pea ka ahua hiamoe koe mō ētahi haora i muri i te oho ake. He mea noa tēnei.
  • Tērā pea ka pāngia koe e te mamae: He mea noa te pāngia e te mamae i te wāhi i pokangahia ai. Ka hoatu he rongoā whakamamae mamae ki a koe mō tēnei.
  • Ka tīmata koe ki te hikoi: I runga i te āhua o te pokanga, ka tonoa koe kia ara ake, kia hikoi haereere me te āwhina a te nēhi i taua ahiahi, i te aonga ake rānei. He mea tino nui tēnei nā te mea ka pai ake te rere o te toto i te hikoi, ā, ka ārai i te toto e pupuhi ana i ō waewae.
  • Whakaora tinana: Ka tukuna koe e tō tākuta ki tētahi kaiwhakaora tinana. Māna koe e ako ki ngā mahi whakakori tinana kia āta haere.

I muri i te hokinga ki te kāinga...

  • Kaua e taraiwa mō te 1-2 wiki.
  • Kaua e piko whakamua, e hiki rānei i ngā mea taumaha mō ētahi wiki.
  • Kia ma, kia maroke hoki te patunga. He uaua ki te pania te rongoā ki te whara o te tuara ko koe anake, nō reira tonoa he āwhina mai i tētahi mema o te whānau.
  • Pātai atu ki tō tākuta mō te āhua o te kaukau.
  • Ka taea te tango i ngā tuitui, i ngā tāpiri rānei i roto i te rua wiki pea. Kaua e ngana ki te tango i a rātou anō .
  • Āta karohia ngā rerenga roa me ngā haerenga waka mō tētahi wā. Ki te tika, whakatikahia, ka hikoi haere i ia hāora.

He aha ngā mōrearea ka pā mai i tēnei pokanga?

Pērā i ngā pokanga katoa, he tūponotanga kei reira. Engari he onge ēnei. Mā tō tākuta ēnei e whakamārama ki a koe i mua i te wā.

Mōrearea He whakamārama māmā
Te toto Te toto iti i te wā o te pokanga, i muri rānei i te pokanga.
Mate pāwera He iti te tūponotanga o te pangia e te patunga.
Ngā Putunga Toto Ngā toto totoka, inā koa i ngā waewae. Ko te hikoi tere te huarahi hei ārai i tēnei.
Te Pakaru o te Io He tino onge te pakaru o te io, ka ngoikore ai, ka māuiui rānei.
Te turuturu o te wai tuaiwi He turuturu iti o te wai cerebrospinal (CSF) e karapoti ana i te taurakira.

He aha mēnā kei te mamae tonu i muri i te pokanga? Te Mate Whai Muri i te Laminectomy

I ētahi wā, he tino onge, kāore te mamae e memeha haere pērā i te mea e tumanakohia ana i muri i te pokanga. I ētahi wā ka puta mai pea he tohu hou. Koinei te āhuaKo te ingoa o tēnei ko te Post-Laminectomy Syndrome.

Ki te pāngia koe e tēnei, he mea nui kia kōrero tonu atu koe ki tō tākuta . Ka taea te kimi i te pūtake, ā, ka taea te tīmata i te maimoatanga tika (pēnei i ngā mahi whakakori tinana motuhake, ngā rongoā, ngā werohanga, me ētahi atu). Kaua e manukanuka, kei reira ngā otinga mō ngā mea katoa.

Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga

  • He pokanga noa te laminectomy hei rongoā i te mamae o te tuara me te waewae i puta mai i te pēhanga o te io. Ka nui ake te wāhi mō ngā io.
  • I te nuinga o te wā ka tūtohu te tākuta i tēnei pokanga mēnā kāore i angitu ētahi atu maimoatanga.
  • He mea tino nui kia tere ai te ora me te whai i ngā tohutohu a te tākuta i mua atu, i muri hoki i te pokanga.
  • He roa te wā e ora ai. Kia manawanui. Kāore e rite te whakaora o te katoa. Kaua e tere.
  • Mena ka mau tonu te mamae i muri i te pokanga, ka puta rānei he tohu hou, kaua e mangere ki te kōrero ki tō tākuta.

Laminectomy, laminectomy, pokanga tuara sinhala, stenosis tuaiwi sinhala, stenosis tuaiwi, mamae tuara
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Kaore ano kia tukuna he korero. Tāpirihia to korero ki konei mo te wa tuatahi.

Tāpirihia to korero

Tātaihia koa: 7 + 2 =