He mate pāwera tō kiri e kore e ora? He mate Leishmaniasis pea? Me kōrero tāua!

Kua kite koe i ētahi tāngata he mate kiri kei te kiri e roa ana te wā e ora ai, ā, i ētahi wā ka waiho he koha kino? He kirika rānei e roa ana mō ngā rā, he whakaheke taumaha, he puku pupuhi? He tohu pea ēnei o tētahi mate kāore tātou e aro nui ana ki ai i ētahi wā, pērā i tētahi kararehe iti pērā i te namu. Ko tētahi o aua mate ko te Leishmaniasis. I tēnei rā, ka kōrerohia tēnei me te taipitopito, he tino māmā noa iho.

He aha te Leishmaniasis?

He whakarāpopototanga noa iho, ko te Leishmaniasis he rōpū mate e puta mai ana i tētahi pirinoa e kiia nei ko te Leishmania . He iti rawa tēnei pirinoa, kāore e taea te kite mā te kanohi tahanga engari i raro i te karu hiko. Ina kōrerotia whānuitia, nō tētahi rōpū rauropi e kiia nei ko te protozoa, he rauropi pūtau-kotahi.

Ka horapa mai tēnei mate ina ngaua tātou e tētahi momo namu onepu . He tino iti ēnei namu, i ētahi wā he iti iho i te waeroa. Ka taea e tēnei mate te whakaputa i ngā momo āhuatanga, mai i ngā mate kiri kino ki ngā raruraru e morearea ana ki te ora e pā ana ki ngā whekau o roto.

E rua ngā huarahi matua e kitea pinepine ai tēnei e tātou:

1. Te mate kiri leishmaniasis (`(Te mate kiri leishmaniasis)`)

2. Te leishmaniasis visceral ( e pā ana ki ngā whekau o roto )

Ko wai te mea tino tūpono ka pāngia e tēnei?

Ko te Leishmaniasis te mea tino noa i ngā wāhi taiwhenua, inā koa i ngā wāhi kāore i te pai te akuaku . Ko te hunga he ngoikore te pūnaha ārai mate , pērā i te hunga kua pangia e te HIV, me te hunga he ngoikore te pūnaha ārai mate, ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka pāngia rātou e te mate mena ka pangia e te pirinoa Leishmania.

He pēhea te noa o te Leishmaniasis? Kei te kitea i Sri Lanka?

I te ao whānui, kāore ētahi o te hunga kua pangia e te pirinoa Leishmania e whakaatu i ngā tohu. Nō reira, he uaua ki te kī tika i tōna whānui. Heoi, e ai ki ngā tohunga , kei waenganui i te 1.5 me te 2 miriona tāngata puta noa i te ao e pāngia ana e te mate me ngā tohu i ia tau .

Ae, heoi anō, kei te kitea anō hoki te Leishmaniasis i Sri Lanka. Ina koa ko te momo kiri (`(Cutaneous leishmaniasis)`) kua pūrongohia i ngā rohe maroke o tō tātou whenua, hei tauira i ngā rohe pēnei i a Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, Hambantota, me Matara. Nō reira, he mea tino nui kia mōhio ki tēnei.

Kei hea o te ao tēnei e tino kitea ana?

E kitea ana te pirinoa Leishmania i roto i te neke atu i te 90 whenua o te ao. Ka kitea ngā momo Leishmania rerekē i ngā wāhi rerekē o te ao. E wehea ana e ngā tohunga kia rua ngā momo, ko te "leishmaniasis o te Ao Tawhito" me te "leishmaniasis o te Ao Hou," i runga i te wāhi e kitea ai.

• Te leishmaniasis o te Ao Tawhito (`(Leishmaniasis o te Ao Tawhito)`) i te Ao Rāwhiti, arā:
• Ko ētahi wāhanga o Āhia
• I Āwherika, inā koa ngā whenua pārūrū me Āwherika ki te Raki
• Ūropi ki te Tonga
• Te Rawhiti o Waenganui
• Te leishmaniasis o te Ao Hou (`(Leishmaniasis o te Ao Hou)`) i te Ao Hauāuru, arā:
• Amerika Waenganui
• Amerika ki te Tonga
• Ko ētahi o ngā rohe o Mehiko

Ahakoa he mea onge i te Hononga o Amerika, kua pūrongohia ngā kēhi o te leishmaniasis kiriuhi i ngā whenua pēnei i a Texas me Oklahoma.

He aha ngā momo matua o te Leishmaniasis?

E toru ngā momo matua o te leishmaniasis: te kiri, te mucosal, me te visceral.

Te mate kiri Leishmaniasis (CL)

He mate tēnei e pā ana ki te kiri i ngaua e te namu onepu . Ka tīmata hei pona iti, kātahi ka huri hei mate pukupuku nui. Ka roa te wā e ora ai ēnei mate pukupuku, ā, i ētahi wā kāore e ora noa iho. Ka tīmata pea ngā tohu i roto i ētahi wiki ki ētahi marama i muri i te ngau a te namu onepu.

He tino onge te puta o ēnei puku, ēnei whara rānei ki ētahi wāhi o te kiri. Ka kiia tēnei ko te '(diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis)'. Ka taea tonu ēnei te hoki mai ahakoa kua rongoatia.

Te Leishmaniasis Mucosal/Mucocutaneous (ML)

He maha ngā wā ka puta tēnei hei raruraru o te leishmaniasis kiriuhi . Ka pā ki ngā kiriuhi mucous i roto i te ihu, te waha, te korokoro rānei. Kāore i te maha ngā wā ka ea te mate i a ia anō, ā, he maha ngā wā ka mate mēnā kāore e rongoatia . Ka taea hoki e ia te whakapōrearea i te kanohi.

Te Leishmaniasis o roto (VL) / Kala-azar

Koinei te momo tino kino o te mate . Nā tētahi momo Leishmania motuhake i puta. Ka pā ki ō whekau o roto, inā koa tō whēkau me tō ate . Ka roa pea ngā tohu mai i ētahi marama ki te tau, neke atu rānei, i muri i te ngaunga a te namu pangia. Ka tere te kino o tēnei mate (VL), ā , tata tonu ka mate mēnā kāore e rongoatia .

He aha ngā tohu o tēnei mate?

He rerekē ngā tohu o te leishmaniasis i runga i te momo e pā ana ki a koe. Ko ngā momo e pā ana ki te kiri me ngā kiriuhi mucous ka puta he mariao nui, puhoi te whakaora. Ko ngā momo e pā ana ki ngā whekau o roto ka puta he tohu whānui pēnei i te kirika, te whakaheke taumaha, me te pupuhi o te puku.

Ngā Tohu o te Leishmaniasis Kiri

Ka puta he puku ki te kiri i ngaua e te namu. Tērā pea he papaka/kirikiri kei runga. I roto i te wā, ka huri pea tēnei hei mate pāwera,He taha mārō kei te taha, ā, he pokapū totohu (he rite ki te puia).

Ngā tohu o te Mucosal Leishmaniasis

He mate pukupuku kei roto i ngā kiriuhi mucous i roto i te ihu, te waha, te korokoro rānei. I mua i ēnei mate pukupuku, ka puta mai rānei tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā mate pukupuku kiri.

Ngā Tohu o te Leishmaniasis Visceral

Ko ēnei tohu ko:

• Kirika: Ka tīmata ohorere pea tēnei, ā, ka haere mai, ka haere atu mō ngā wiki.
• Te mātao me te werawera.
• Ngā kōpū lymph pupuhi.
• Te pupuhi o te puku nā te nui o te whēkau.
• Te whakahekenga taumaha.
• Te ngenge nui, te ngenge.
• Ngāwari.
• Te pōuriuri, te rerekē rānei o te tae o ētahi wāhi o te kiri.

He aha te take o te Leishmaniasis? Me pēhea te horapa?

Ko te Leishmaniasis te take o ngā pirinoa e kiia nei ko te Leishmaniasis. Ka noho ēnei pirinoa i roto i te tangata me ngā kararehe pērā i te kurī, te ngeru, te opossum, te kiore, me ngā pokiha.

Ka horapa te nuinga mā te ngau a te momo ngaro e kiia nei ko te ngaro onepu phlebotomine . Ina ngau te ngaro nei i tētahi tangata, i tētahi kararehe rānei kua pangia, kātahi ka ngau i tētahi atu tangata, ka werohia e ia te pirinoa Leishmania ki roto i te tinana o te tangata kē.

Haunga tēnei, ko ētahi atu huarahi ka pangia ai koe e te Leishmania, he mea tino onge, ko:

• Mā te tohatoha ngira.
• Mā te whakawhiti toto.
• Mai i te whaea hāpu ki te tamaiti i roto i te kōpū.

He mea nui: Kāore e taea te pangia e te leishmaniasis tika mai i te kurī, i tētahi atu kararehe rānei. Heoi, kei reira ngā taunakitanga e whakaatu ana ka taea e ngā kurī te horapa ki ētahi atu kurī. Nā te mea ka taea hoki e ngā kurī te horapa ki te tangata mā roto i ngā namu onepu, he mea nui kia āraihia ngā kurī kei pangia.

Me pēhea koe e mōhio ai mēnā kei a koe te Leishmaniasis?

Ka tirohia e te tākuta te mate mā te tango tauira kiko mai i tō tinana, ka whakamātautau mō te pirinoa Leishmania. Ka taea te tango i ēnei tauira mai i ngā patunga, te whēkau, ngā kōpū lymph, te hinu wheua rānei. I ngā whenua e kitea whānuitia ana te leishmaniasis, ka tātaritatia e ngā tākuta te mate mā te whakarongo ki ngā tohu, mā te tirotiro rānei i te kiri.

He aha ngā whakamātautau e mahia ana?

• Kohikohi ngira: Ka whakamahia e te tākuta he ngira hei tango i tētahi tauira kiko mai i tō whēkau, i tō kōpū lymph, i tō hinu wheua rānei. Ka tirohia e te tohunga taiwhanga i raro i te karuārai hei tirotiro mēnā kei reira te Leishmania. Koinei te huarahi pai ki te tautuhi i te leishmaniasis visceral.
• Kohikohi kiri: Ka tangohia e te tākuta he tauira kiko mai i tētahi mate kiri, i tō ihu, i tō waha rānei. Ka whakamatautauria mō te Leishmania. Mā tēnei ka āwhina i te tautuhi i te leishmaniasis kiri, kiriuhi rānei.
• Ngā whakamātautau toto (Serology) : I ētahi wā ka taea e te tākuta te tirotiro i ō toto mō ngā tohu o te mate Leishmania. Heoi, kāore i te tino whai hua ngā whakamātautau toto ki te kite i tētahi mate kua pāngia. Nā te mea ka pāngia ētahi tāngata me te kore he tohu, ka taea e te whakamātautau toto te whakaatu he pai ahakoa kāore koe i te pangia e te mate i tēnei wā.

He aha ngā maimoatanga mō tēnei?

He maha ngā momo rongoā ārai-parasitic ka taea te whakamahi hei rongoā i te Leishmaniasis. Ko te rongoā ka tohua e tō tākuta ka whakawhirinaki ki te momo Leishmaniasis kei a koe. Ka rerekē ngā āhua o ēnei rongoā:

• Te horomi pire.
• He kirimi, he hinu rānei hei whakamarie i te kiri.
• Ngā wai e hoatu ana e te tākuta mā roto i te ngongo tote (IV catheter) e whakaurua ana ki roto i te uaua.

Mena kei a koe te leishmaniasis kiriuhi, ka whakamahia pea e tō tākuta te rongoā wera (thermotherapy), te rongoā makariri (cryotherapy), te rongoā taiaho rānei ki ngā whara. Ka taea e ēnei te patu i te pirinoa me te āwhina i te whakaora i ngā whara.

Ngā rongoā mō te Leishmaniasis:

• Amphotericin
• Miltefosine
• Ngā antimonial pentavalent, hei tauira ko te konutai stibogluconate
• Paromomycin

Ka tukuna ētahi atu maimoatanga mō te leishmaniasis kiriuhi. Kei roto i ēnei:

• Whakaora wera : Ka pā te wera ki te patunga me te wāhi e karapoti ana i te patunga.
• Whakaora-mate kiri : Ka whakamatao te tākuta i te patunga me te wāhi e karapoti ana mō te 10-30 hēkona.
• Whakaora taiaho : Ka whakamahia e te tākuta he taputapu ringaringa hei tuku i ngā hihi taiaho ki te patunga me te wāhi e karapoti ana.

Me pēhea te karo i te Leishmaniasis?

Ko te huarahi pai hei karo i ngā momo Leishmaniasis katoa ko te karo i te ngau a ngā namu onepu , inā koa i ngā wāhi e kitea whānuitia ana te Leishmania. Anei ētahi huarahi hei karo i ngā ngau a ngā namu onepu:

• Kia mau ki ngā kākahu e taupokina pai ai tō tinana: he tarau roa, he hāte ringaringa roa, he tōkena, me ētahi atu.
• Whakamahia he ārai pepeke kua whakaaetia e te EPA. Ko ngā ārai pepeke tino whai hua kei roto ko te DEET.
• Rehuhia te patu ngarara hei patu i ngā namu onepu i roto i ngā whare, pērā i ngā rūma moe me ngā rūma noho.
• Moe i roto i te rūma kua kati ngā matapihi, kua tāpirihia rānei he ārai ki ngā matapihi.
• Moe i raro i te kupenga moenga waeroa. Ko ētahi kupenga kua pania ki te ārai pepeke hei tiaki atu. He iti ake ngā namu onepu i ngā waeroa. Nō reira, me tino iti ngā kōhao o te kupenga hei ārai i ngā namu kei uru ki roto.

Ka aha mēnā ka pāngia koe e te Leishmaniasis? Ka taea te whakaora?

Ki te pāngia koe e tēnei mate, ko tō āhua mate ka whakawhirinaki ki te momo kei a koe me te hauora o tō pūnaha ārai mate. Me tere te rongoā i te momo e pā ana ki ngā whekau o roto (VL) me te momo e pā ana ki ngā kiriuhi mucous (ML). He tata tonu te mate o ēnei e rua mēnā kāore e rongoātia.

Ka taea e te leishmaniasis kiri te memeha noa iho, mā te rongoā rānei. Heoi, ka roa pea te wā ki te ora katoa, ā, ka puta pea he koha tuturu.

Me haere tonu pea te tango i te rongoā mō ngā wiki, mō ngā marama rānei kia tino ngaro katoa ai te mate. Pātai atu ki tō tākuta mō te maimoatanga me te wā whakaora.

He maha ngā wā ka taea te rongoā i te Leishmaniasis mēnā ka kitea wawetia te mate e te tākuta, ā, ka rongoatia ki te rongoā. Mēnā ka rongoatia wawetia, neke atu i te 90% te auau whakaora mō te visceral leishmaniasis, ā, neke atu i te 75% mō te mucosal leishmaniasis. Ka taea e ētahi tāngata te pāngia anō i roto i ētahi marama i muri i tō rātou oranga me te korenga o te pirinoa (e kiia ana tēnei he recurrence).

He uaua te rongoā i te leishmaniasis visceral me te mucosal mēnā kāore e rongoatia. He uaua hoki te rongoā i roto i te hunga ngoikore te pūnaha ārai mate.

He aha ngā āhuatanga uaua o tēnei mate?

Ka taea e ngā raruraru o te leishmaniasis te kino, te mōrearea rānei ki te ora, inā koa i roto i ngā āhua o te visceral me te mucosal. Kei roto i ēnei:

• Ngā mate kitakita: Ka kiia hoki ēnei he mate tuarua. Ka taea e ēnei te whakakino ake i ngā patunga. Ka taea e ngā kitakita te haere hohonu ki roto i te tinana, ā, ka puta he mate kino.
• Te whara: Ka taea e te leishmaniasis kiri me te mucosal te whakararu tuturu me te whara kino o te kiri, te waha, me te ihu.
• Te hokinga mai anō: Ka kitea ngā tohumate o ētahi tāngata e memeha haere ana i muri i te rongoā, kātahi ka hoki mai anō. Ko ngā whara kiri e hoki mai ana ka kiia ko ngā "leishmaniasis recidivans". Mena ka tupu tēnei, tera pea ka hiahiatia he rongoā tāpiri.
• Te poka, te hinga rānei o te septal:Ka taea e te mucosal leishmaniasis te whakapū i tētahi kōhao i roto i te kiko i waenganui i ngā ara ihu e rua (te pakitara i waenganui i ngā pongaponga ihu - ``(septum)``). Ka taea e te hanganga o te ihu te hinga. Ka taea e tēnei te whakapū i ngā āhua rerekē, ngā mate, me ngā uauatanga manawa.
• Ngā mate pūkahukahu, ngā mate rānei o te ara kai (NGĀ mate GI (gastrointestinal) tract): Ka pāngia ētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana e te leishmaniasis mucosal me te visceral.

Ngā raruraru anō o te leishmaniasis visceral:

• Te mate leishmaniasis kiri muri i te kala-azar (PKDL): Ko te PKDL he mate e puta ai ngā whara nunui, pupuhi i te mata, i ētahi atu wāhanga rānei o te tinana. Ka puta pea i te wā, i muri rānei i te mate leishmaniasis kiri. Ka roa pea te wā, ā, ka puta he whara kino.
• Te toto nui: Ka mate pea te tangata i te toto nui.
• He mate pukupuku toto totoro: He mate morearea tēnei, he mate kino hoki ki te tinana.
• Sepsis: Ko te Sepsis te urupare morearea a te tinana ki tētahi mate kino.

Me pēhea taku tiaki i ahau anō?

Pātai atu ki tō tākuta me pēhea te tiaki i a koe anō kia ora rā anō koe. Mena he mate kiriuhi tōu, mā tō tākuta koe e tohutohu me pēhea te horoi me te tiaki i ngā mate kiriuhi kia ora rā anō. Mō ngā momo mate kiriuhi katoa, kia mataara ki ngā tohu e hoki mai ana ahakoa kua whakaaro koe kua ora koe.

Āhea ahau me toro atu ki te tākuta?

Tirohia tō tākuta i roto i ēnei āhuatanga:

• Mena kei te noho koe i tētahi rohe e kitea whānuitia ana te Leishmania, kua haereere rānei koe, ā, kei te pāngia koe e ngā tohu.
• Mena ka roa te wā e ora ai te patunga i tō kiri.
• Mena he ngoikore tō pūnaha ārai mate, he tohu rānei kei a koe o te mate urutā, me toro atu ki te tākuta.

Ki te kore he tohu i muri i te ngaunga a te namu onepu, kāore koe e hiahia ki te toro atu ki te tākuta. Ehara i te mea ko ngā namu onepu katoa ka hora i te mate. I ētahi wā ka taea e ō tātou tinana te whawhai ki te mate Leishmania me te kore e pāngia e te mate. Ki te kore tō pūnaha ārai mate e ngoikore, ki te kore rānei koe e mate, ko te tikanga kāore ngā tākuta e rongoā i a koe.

Āhea koe me haere ki te Wāhanga Maimoatanga Ohotata (ETU) ?

Mena kei a koe ēnei tohu kino, haere ki te rūma whawhati tata:

• Ki te nui tō kirika (neke atu i te 40 Celsius) kāore e heke.
• Te uaua ki te manawa.
• He pupuhi tino kitea o te puku.
• Te kōwhai o te kiri, o ngā kanohi rānei (te jaundice).
• He kikorangi te kiri, ngā ngutu, ngā maikuku rānei (cyanosis, he tohu o te iti o te hāora i roto i te toto).

He aha ngā pātai me pātai atu e au ki te tākuta?

He pai pea te pātai atu ki tō tākuta i ēnei pātai:

• He aha ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga kei a au?
• Me pēhea taku tiaki i ōku patunga?
• Āhea ahau ka ora ake/ka ora rānei ōku whara?
• He pēhea te kino o tōku mate?
• Me pēhea taku tango i taku rongoā?
• Āhea ahau me haere ki te rūma whawhati tata?
• Āhea ahau me kite anō i a koe?

Kia maumahara hei whakarāpopototanga

He mate pirinoa te Leishmaniasis ka pā mai he mamae, he mate morearea hoki. Mena kei te noho koe, kei te haere rānei koe ki tētahi rohe e kitea whānuitia ana te Leishmaniasis, me mahi i ngā mahi hei tiaki i a koe anō. Mena kei a koe ngā tohu o te Leishmaniasis, ki te mea rānei he mate pāwera tōu kāore e ora, e kino haere ana rānei, me rapu awhina hauora. Ko te nuinga o te hunga e whiwhi maimoatanga ana i mua i te kino haere ka taea te ora katoa. Nō reira, he mea nui kia mōhio ki ēnei tohu me te rapu maimoatanga wawe tonu.

` leishmaniasis, kala-azar, namu onepu, mate kiri, pirinoa