He aha te tikanga ina ngoikore tetahi okana o roto i tō tātou tinana? (Te ngoikore o te okana) Me kōrero tātou mō tēnei!

Ina kī mai tetahi he "raruraru okana" tōna, ka tere tonu te oma o ō tātou ngākau, tika? He kupu whakamataku tēnei. Engari he mea nui kia mōhio tātou katoa ki tōna tikanga, he aha i puta ai, me ngā mea ka taea te mahi. Nō reira, i tēnei rā, me kōrero ngāwari tātou mō tēnei mea, i roto i tētahi huarahi e mārama ai koe.

He aha tonu te ngoikore o ngā okana?

Ki te kī ngāwari, ko te ngoikore o ngā okana ko te wā e mutu ai te mahi tika o tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā okana nui o tō tinana. Ka taea tēnei te tupu mārire i roto i te wā (e kiia nei ko te ngoikore mau tonu ), ka taea rānei te tupu ohorere (e kiia nei ko te ngoikore ohorere ).

Whakaarohia, kei roto i ō tātou tinana ētahi okana e tino hiahiatia ana kia ora ai tātou. Koinei ngā mea e kiia nei e tātou he okana ora . Ina tīmata te ngoikore o tētahi okana, me āwhina tātou i waho hei mahi i te mahi e hiahiatia ana e taua okana. I ētahi wā mā te āwhina pēnei, ka taea e te okana te ora anō. Engari i ētahi wā kāore. Ina tae te ngoikore o te okana ki te wāhanga whakamutunga, ka taea te whakararu i te ora.

He aha ngā whekau matua ka ngoikore pea?

Tērā pea ka kore e mahi tika ētahi o ngā whekau nui o te tinana i tēnei ara.

Ate

He okana whakamiharo tō ate. He rau ngā mahi e mahia ana e ia. Ko te mea nui ko te tātari i ngā paitini mai i te toto. Ka taea e te ngoikore o te ate te puta ohorere, te puta mārire rānei i roto i te wā.

Ngā whatukuhu

Ko ngā whatukuhu ngā mea e tango ana i ngā para mai i ō toto hei mimi. Mā rātou anō hoki e pupuri te taurite o te wai me ngā electrolytes o te tinana. Ka puta ohorere pea te ngoikore o te whatukuhu , ka roa rānei te wā. I tō tātou whenua, ko ngā mate pēnei i te mate huka me te toto toto tiketike ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka kino ngā whatukuhu.

Ngākau

Ko te ngākau te mea e pupuhi ana i te toto whai hāora puta noa i ō tātou tinana. Ina tīmata te ngoikore o te ngākau, ka pā ki te tinana katoa. I roto i te ngoikore o te ngākau , ka heke ohorere te mahi a te ngākau (te ngoikore o te ngākau), ka kino haere rānei i roto i te wā (te ngoikore o te ngākau pūmau).

Ngā pūkahukahu

Ko ngā pūkahukahu te wāhanga tino nui o tō tātou pūnaha manawa. Koinei ngā mea e whakarato ana i te hāora ki ngā kiko katoa o te tinana. Ka pā mai pea te ngoikore o te manawa i te wā ohorere, i te wā roa rānei.

Puku iti

Ka mimiti te whekau iti i te nuinga o ngā matūkai e hiahiatia ana e te tinana mai i ngā kai e kainga ana e tātou. Ki te kore e pai te whekau iti, tērā pea kāore e ranea ngā matūkai e whiwhihia ana e te tinana, ā, ka puta pea ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te kore kai pai.

Roro

Ko te roro te mea e kī ana ki ngā okana katoa o te tinana kia mahi i ā rātou mahi. Ka taea e ētahi mate roro pirau te meinga te roro kia ngoikore haere. Ko te ngoikore o te roro whakapeka he tukanga e kiia ana ko te mate roro . Ki te mate te roro, te take roro rānei, ka ngoikore haere hoki ngā okana kē atu.

I ētahi wā, ehara i te mea kotahi anake te okana, engari he maha ngā okana ka hē i te wā kotahi. Ka karangahia hoki tēnei e ngā tākuta ko te hē o ngā okana maha , te hē katoa o ngā okana , te mate ngoikore o ngā okana maha rānei.

He aha rawa te ngaronga o ngā āhuatanga rongo?

Ina kī tātou "te ngoikore o te okana," e whakaaro ana tātou kua mutu katoa te mahi a te okana. Engari koinei te wāhanga whakamutunga. Ko te tikanga tūturu, kua tae te okana ki tētahi wāhi kāore e taea e ia te mahi i tana mahi katoa. Arā, kāore e mahi tika ana , he wāhanga noa iho o tana mahi. I te hekenga o te nui o te mahi, me nui ake te āwhina mai i waho. I roto i te ngoikore ohorere, ka hiahiatia pea tēnei āwhina i te wā ohorere, ā, he wā poto noa iho pea. I roto i te ngoikore roa, me whai mahere roa.

He aha ngā mea ka tupu ina ngoikore te tinana?

He maha ngā wāhanga ka puta i te ngoikore o te okana mau tonu. He rerekē te tautuhi a ngā tākuta i ēnei wāhanga mō ia okana. E whā, e rima rānei ngā wāhanga. Ko te wāhanga whakamutunga, e rua rānei o ēnei e kiia ana ko ngā "wāhanga mutunga." I tēnei wā, kua tino pakaru te okana, ā, kua tino heke te mahi a tōna tinana. Hei oranga, me whai tautoko ora horihori, me whai whakawhitinga okana rānei.

Ka tīmata te ngoikore o ngā okana whakapeka i ēnei wāhanga whakamutunga, ka tere rānei te horapa atu. Me rongoā tonu. Heoi, ka taea e te ngoikore o ngā okana maha te puta i roto i ngā wāhanga maha. Nā te mea ka āwhina ā tātou okana nui tetahi ki tetahi, i ētahi wā ka ngoikore tetahi okana, ka puta he tauhohenga mekameka ka arahi atu ki te ngoikore o ētahi atu okana.

He aha ō tātou kare ā-roto ina ngaro ō tātou pūmanawa?

He maha ngā tohu noa o te ngoikore o ngā okana:

• Te ngoikore, te pōuri, te ngenge rānei.
• Te hiamoe, te ngaro rānei o te māramatanga.
• Te uaua ki te arotahi, te pōhēhē.
• Kāore he reka o te kai.
• Whakapairuaki me te ruaki.
• Te manawa tere, te manawa pāpaku.
• Te tere o te manawa, te koretake rānei o te manawa.
• Te kirika, te makariri.
• Te pupuhi o ngā peka, o te puku rānei.
• Te mamae tonu o te uma, o te puku rānei.

Haunga ēnei, kei reira anō ētahi atu tohu e pā ana ki ngā ngoikoretanga motuhake o te pūnaha tairongo. Hei tauira:

• Te kōwhai o tō kiri me ō kanohi ( te jaundice – ka puta tēnei ina ngoikore te ate).
• He kikorangi te tae i raro i ō ngutu me ō maikuku ( cyanosis – ka puta pea tēnei i te ngoikore o te manawa, te ngoikore rānei o te ngākau).

He aha i kore ai e mahi pai tēnei okana? He aha ngā take?

He maha ngā tino take o te ngoikore o ngā okana.

Ngā mate pūmau

Ka taea e ngā mate pūmau te kino haere i ō whekau i roto i te wā. Ko ētahi mate kei te whānau mai, ko ētahi ka puta i muri mai i te ao. Kia puta he mate pūmau, kāore e tino ora. Engari he huarahi hei whakaiti i te kino. Ka taea e tēnei kino te hanga ake, ā, ka roa pea ngā tau ka pā ki te mahi a te whekau, ka hiahiatia rānei he maimoatanga.

• Mate ate mau tonu: Hei tauira, ko ngā mate pēnei i te mate ate momona me te hepatitis C ka pāngia e te ngoikore o te ate mau tonu.
• Mate tākihi mau tonu: Ka taea e ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te glomerulonephritis me te mate tākihi polycystic te arahi ki te ngoikore o te tākihi mau tonu. Ko te toto toto tiketike me te mate huka mellitus ētahi atu tino take.
• Mate ngakau mau tonu: Ka taea e ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te mate uaua o te ngakau me te mate ngakau whānau te arahi haere ki te ngoikore o te ngakau.
• Ngā mate puku mau tonu: Ka taea e ngā mate puku mumura mau tonu, pērā i te mate a Crohn , me te aukati rūpahu o te puku te whakararu i te mahi a te puku mau tonu.
• Ngā mate manawa mau tonu: Ka taea e te mate huango me te mate pūkahukahu aukati mau tonu (COPD) te whakararu i te manawa mau tonu.
• Ngā mate roro pirau mō te wā roa: Ko ngā mate pēnei i te mate a Alzheimer me te mate a Parkinson ka puta te ngoikore o te roro mō te wā roa ( dementia) .

Whara whara

Ki te whara kino tetahi o ō whekau, ka arahi pea tēnei ki te ngoikore o te whekau. I ētahi wā, ahakoa kua ora te whekau, ki te mea kua puta he kino tuturu i te whara, ka arahi pea ki te ngoikore o te whekau mau tonu. Ko te tikanga tēnei kāore e taea e te whekau te mahi pai pērā i mua. Ka taea e te aituā kino e pā ana ki te tinana katoa te whakararuraru , ka aukati i te rere o te toto ki ō whekau katoa . Ka arahi pea tēnei ki te ngoikore ohorere, maha-whekau.

• Mena ka tangohia he wāhanga nui o tō whekau iti mā te pokanga, he maha ngā wā nā te mate (e kiia ana tēnei ko te short bowel syndrome) , he tino take tēnei o te ngoikore o te whekau iti tuturu.
• Kāore he taunakitanga mārama e whakaatu ana ko te whara roro te take o te ngoikore o te roro mau tonu. Heoi, ka taea e ia te mate o te roro (te ngoikore o te roro ohorere) .

Whara paitini

Ka taea e ngā paitini te whakararu i ngā okana i ngā wā katoa, pērā i te kino o te tinana, te kino o te tinana, me te kino o te tinana. Ka pā pea ēnei ki tētahi, ki te katoa rānei o ō okana. Ka puta mai i ngā mea o te taiao, i ngā mate huakita e whakaputa paitini ana i roto i tō tinana, i ngā mea rānei e kainga ana e koe. Ka tātarihia e tō tātou ate me ō tātou whatukuhu he iti noa ngā paitini mai i ō toto i ia rā. Ki te kore e mahi tika, ka taea e ēnei paitini te hanga i roto i tō tinana, ka kino hoki ki ētahi atu okana.

• Mā te whakamahi roa i ngā raau taero, waipiro rānei, ka pāngia te ate e te ngoikore tuturu ( hepatitis paitini ), te ngoikore o te ngākau tuturu ( cardiomyopathy i puta mai i te waipiro) , te ngoikore rānei o te roro tuturu (kino roro e pā ana ki te waipiro ). Ka whai wāhi nui hoki ēnei ki te mate puku me te mate tākihi mō te wā roa. Ka pāngia te ngākau, te ate, te tākihi rānei e te nui rawa o te raau taero, te paihana ohorere rānei o te waipiro.
• Ka taea e ngā paitini taiao te whai wāhi atu ki te ngoikore o te manawa mau tonu, te mate tākihi, te mate ate rānei, me ngā mate roro e pirau ana.
• Ka puta he paitini mai i ngā mate kitakita hei hua taha. Ka pā pea ēnei ki tētahi okana, ki te kohia rānei ki roto i te toto, ki ngā okana katoa. Mēnā he mate kei roto i te toto, ka arahi pea ki te sepsis me te ohorere .

Te ngaronga o te toto/te hāora

Ka whiwhi ō tātou whekau i te hāora mā te rere o te toto. Mēnā, mō tētahi take, ka motuhia te rere o te toto ki tētahi whekau, kāore e whiwhi i te hāora e hiahiatia ana hei mahi ( hypoxia ). I runga i te kaha o te motuhanga o te rere o te toto, ka arahi pea tēnei ki te ngoikore ohorere, ki te ngoikore tuturu rānei o te whekau.Ko te ischemia he whakahekenga o te rere o te toto ki tētahi okana. Ka taea te tere, te āta haere rānei. Ko te ru he ngaronga ohorere o te rere o te toto ki te tinana katoa.

• Ka taea e te ischemia i roto i tētahi okana te whakapūpū i te mumura, ka mate ai ngā kiko. Ka taea tēnei te tere, te āta rānei. Ka taea e te whiu ischemic i tētahi wāhanga o te roro te whakapūpū i te kino ohorere o te roro, ā, i ētahi wā, ka mate te roro. Ko te cardiomyopathy ischemic tētahi o ngā tino take o te ngoikore o te ngakau mau tonu.
• Ka taea e tētahi mate nui o te ngākau, pērā i te whakaeke ngākau , te hopukanga ngākau , te whiu rānei, te tapahi i te toto me te hāora ki ētahi atu okana. Ka taea e tēnei te arahi ki te ngoikore ohorere o te ngākau, te kino rānei o te roro, me te ngoikore hoki o ngā okana maha. Mēnā ka mate te ngākau, te take roro rānei, ka whai mai ngā okana kē atu.
• Ko te ru he ngaronga ohorere o te rere o te toto puta noa i te tinana. He maha ngā take, tae atu ki ngā mate pāwera i roto i te toto ( septic shock ), te kino o te ngakau ( cardiogenic shock ), te aukati o te ngakau ( obstructive shock) , me ngā mate pāwera (anaphylactic shock) . Ka taea e tēnei te arahi ki te ngoikore ohorere o ngā okana maha.

Me pēhea te mārama o ngā tākuta ki tēnei?

Ka whakamahia e ngā tākuta ngā whakamātautau motuhake hei kite i te ngoikore o ngā okana. Hei tauira:

• Ka inehia e ngā whakamātautau mahi ate me ngā whakamātautau mahi tākihi ngā matū i roto i tō toto me tō mimi hei tiki mōhiohio mō te mahi a ō whekau. Kātahi ka whai matawai tākihi koe, ka whai matawai rānei hei tirotiro i te pakari o tō ate ( elastography ).
• Mā ngā whakamātautau toto mō te kore kai pai, ā, muri iho ka tirohia te puku o te whekau iti, ka taea te tautuhi i te ngoikore o te whekau iti i puta mai i te kore mimiti , te aukati rūpahu rānei.
• Ka taea e te echocardiogram te ine i te nui o te toto e pupuhihia ana e tō ngākau ( ejection fraction) me te kite i te pai o tana mahi.
• Mā te whakamātautau hinengaro-pūnaha me te matawai roro ka āwhina i te tautuhi i ngā pakaru o te roro.
• Mā te whakamātautau mahi a te pūkahukahu ka taea te aromatawai i te pai o te mahi a tō pūnaha manawa. He pulse oximetry (pulse ox)Ka taea e koe te ine i te taumata hāora i roto i tō toto mā te whakamahi i te whakamātautau hau toto uaua .
• Ngā whakamātautau whakaahua o ngā whekau, pērā i te ultrasound me te CT scan .

He aha ngā maimoatanga mō tēnei?

Mēnā ka pāngia koe e te ngoikore o ōkana, ka whakaratohia e ngā tākuta he tiaki tautoko hei whakaū i tō āhua. Kei roto pea i tēnei:

• Ngā wai werohanga uaua (ngā wai werohanga IV).
• Ngā rongoā paturopi.
• Te whakawhiti toto.
• Kai mā te werohanga o te uaua (kai mā te werohanga IV).
• Te whakaora hāora , te whakaora manawa ā-ringa rānei.
• Ngā rongoā Vasopressor hei whakanui ake i te rere o te toto.
• Te dialysis.

I ētahi wā, ka taea e te whakawhitinga okana te rongoā i te ngoikore ohorere o te okana.

Mō te ngoikore o ngā whekau mau tonu, ka tūtohu ngā tākuta i ēnei e whai ake nei:

• Mēnā he ngoikore tonu te ate, ka taea e ngā tohutohu kai me ngā tohutohu āhua noho te āwhina i a koe ki te whakahaere, ki te whakakore rānei i tōna whanaketanga. Ina tae ki te wāhanga whakamutunga, me whai whakawhitinga ate pea koe.
• Ka whakamahia te dialysis hei rongoā i te ngoikore o te whatukuhu mau tonu e kino haere ana. Ina tae ki te wāhanga whakamutunga, me whai whakawhitinga whatukuhu koe.
• Mēnā he ngoikore tonu te manawa , he maha ngā momo tautoko manawa hei āwhina i a koe ki te whiwhi i te hāora nui ake. I ngā wāhanga whakamutunga, me whai whakawhitinga pukahukahu , me whai manawa ā-ringa tūturu rānei.
• Ngā rongoā mō te ngoikore o te ngākau mau tonu me ōna āhuatanga taketake, pērā i te toto toto tiketike me te mate uaua o te ngākau. I ngā wāhanga o muri mai, he maha ngā taputapu kua whakatōkia hei āwhina i te ngākau ki te mahi, ā, i te mutunga , ko ngā kōwhiringa pokanga ngākau pērā i te whakawhitinga ngākau .
• Kai whāngai parenteral mō te ngoikore o te puku mau tonu. Ka taea e koe te kai parenteral mō te toenga o tō oranga, engari ka taea e te maimoatanga roa te whakararuraru. Ka taea hoki e koe te whai i te whakawhitinga puku .
• Ngā rongoā mō ngā tohu o te mate wareware e kino haere ana. Kāore he rongoā i tēnei wā hei whakaroa, hei whakakore rānei i tōna whanaketanga. Kāore he rongoā mō te mate roro .

Ka taea te ora ake i muri i te ngoikore o te okana?

I ētahi wā, i muri i te ngoikore o ngā okana, ka ora anō ngā okana. Ka taea tēnei te tupu ahakoa he maha ngā okana kua ngoikore i te wā kotahi. I tēnei wā, tera pea ka hiahiatia he tautoko ora mō te wā poto noa iho. I ngā wāhanga tōmua o te ngoikore o ngā okana mau tonu, ki te taea te rongoā tika i te take matua, tera pea ka taea te whakakore. Heoi, i ngā wāhanga o muri mai, kua puta te kino kāore e taea te whakakore. Hei tauira, he whara o ngā okana ( fibrosis ) he mate kiko rānei.

Ahakoa kua kitea he mate whatukuhu kei te wāhanga whakamutunga o tō mate, kaua e mutu te tumanako . Tērā pea he maha ngā tau hei whakamātau i a koe ki te whakakore i tō āhua. He maha ngā maimoatanga e wātea ana hei āwhina i ō whatukuhu e ngoikore ana, hei whakaiti hoki i ō tohu. Kāore ētahi tāngata e tae ki ngā wāhanga whakamutunga o te mate whatukuhu. Ina tae koe ki taua wāhanga, ka taea e koe te tono mō te whakawhitinga okana.

He maha ngā wā ka puta te ngoikore ohorere o ngā okana i te mate ohorere, i te aituā rānei. He uaua ki te ārai, ā, he āhuatanga ohorere ina puta. Ka mahi ngā tākuta i te wāhanga tiaki nui (ICU) i ngā mea katoa e taea ana e rātou hei tautoko i ngā pūnaha katoa o tō tinana, me te ngana anō hoki ki te whakaora i te okana, i ngā okana rānei e ngoikore ana.

Ngā mea tino nui hei maumahara mā tātou

Ahakoa he mate kino te ngoikore o ngā okana, he mea nui kia mārama tika ki tēnei mate. Mā te aro ki ngā tohu, te rapu tohutohu hauora tika, me te tango i te maimoatanga kua whakaritea ka āwhina nui ki te whakahaere i te mate. Waihoki, mā te noho ora me te whakahaere tika i ngā mate pūmau ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te ngoikore o ngā okana. Mena he ruarua koe, he ruarua rānei tētahi e tata ana ki a koe mō tēnei, kaua e mangere ki te kōrero ki te tākuta.

` Te ngoikore o ngā okana, te ate, te whatukuhu, te ngākau, ngā pukahukahu, te roro, ngā tohu, te maimoatanga