I tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō ngā kaitiaki iti i roto i ō tātou tinana: Ngā Paturopi Polyclonal!

Kua rongo kē koe i ngā kupu 'Polyclonal Antibodies'? Kua rongo pea koe i tētahi tākuta e kī ana i tēnei, i pānui rānei koe i roto i tētahi pukapuka, i tētahi nūpepa rānei i tētahi wāhi. Ahakoa he ahua pūtaiao tēnei kupu, he uaua hoki ki te mārama, he mea tino nui tēnei mō te hauora o tō tātou tinana, hei tiaki hoki i a tātou mai i ngā mate. Nō reira, i tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō ēnei polyclonal antibodies, me pēhea tā rātou mahi i roto i tō tātou tinana, me pēhea te whai hua mō tātou, me ō rātou painga me ō rātou ngoikoretanga, me te mea nei kei te kōrero tātou ki tētahi hoa pai, ki tētahi mema rānei o te whānau. Kua rite?

Hei whakarāpopototanga, he aha ēnei paturopi polyclonal?

Āe, tuatahi, kia mārama tātou he aha ēnei Paturopi Polyclonal. Kei te mahara koe, ina pāngia tō tātou tinana e te mate, arā, ina uru mai tētahi mea pērā i te iroriki, he wāhanga motuhake kei roto i tō tātou tinana e whawhai ana ki a ia. Koinei te mea e kīia nei e tātou he paturopi. He rite ēnei ki ngā kaitiaki iti, ki ngā hōia rānei, i roto i tō tātou tinana. Ko ēnei pūmua e kīia nei he paturopi, he mea hanga e tō tātou tinana hei whawhai i ngā mate me ngā iroriki, hei tiaki hoki i a tātou.

Nā, i ahu mai ēnei paturopi i tētahi momo pūtau motuhake e kiia nei ko `(ngā pūtau Plasma B)`. Ko te tikanga o te kupu ``polyclonal'' ko ``nō ngā momo rerekē'' (poly = maha, clonal = whakapapa/momo). Arā, ehara ēnei paturopi polyclonal i te momo kotahi, ehara i te mea nō te pokepokea kotahi. He kohinga paturopi e ahu mai ana i ngā whakapapa pūtau plasma B rerekē (`whakapapa`), ā, he paku rerekē tetahi i tetahi. Whakaarohia he rōpū hōia nō ngā reimana rerekē o te ope taua kotahi.

Kātahi ka mōhio ia o ēnei paturopi, ia hōia rerekē rānei, ki ngā wāhanga rerekē o te pūmua kotahi. Inaianei ka pātai koe, "He aha te pūmua?" Whakaarohia he 'tapanga' iti, he 'haki' rānei i runga i te iroriki, te hae, i tētahi atu pūmua tauhou rānei e uru mai ana ki roto i tō tātou tinana. Mā te titiro ki tēnei tapanga, ka mōhio tō tātou pūnaha ārai mate, te pūnaha parepare o tō tātou tinana, mēnā ko tātou ake (`whaiaro`) he hoariri ke rānei (`kore-whaiaro`). He rite ki te kākahu o te hoariri, ki te haki rānei o te ope taua hoariri.

Nō reira, ko ēnei paturopi polyclonal he hōia rerekē (antibodies) ka taea te kite i ngā tohu rerekē, ngā āhua rerekē (e kiia ana ēnei e mātou he 'epitopes ') i runga i te kākahu, i te haki rānei o te hoariri kotahi (antigen). Kei te mārama koe? He rite ki tētahi rōpū hōia pūkenga ka taea te whakaeke i te hoariri kotahi mai i ngā taha rerekē.

Ina pāngia te tangata me ētahi atu kararehe e te mate, arā, ina pāngia rātou e te mate, ka puta noa ēnei paturopi polyclonal i roto i ō rātou tinana. Heoi, ko ngā paturopi polyclonal e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā rangahau hauora me ētahi maimoatanga ka riro mai i ngā kararehe pēnei i te rāpeti, te hipi, me te koati. I ētahi wā, ka riro mai hoki i te toto o te hunga kua ora mai i ētahi mate.

He pēhea te mahi a ēnei paturopi polyclonal?

Nā, kia tirohia te mahi a ēnei paturopi polyclonal i roto i tō tātou tinana, me pēhea tā rātou whawhai. Ina uru mai he huaketo, he huakita, he iroriki rānei (pathogen) ki roto i tō tinana, ka hangaia e tō pūnaha ārai mate ngā paturopi hei whawhai ki a rātou.

Kei runga i te mata o ēnei iroriki ngā antigens i kōrerotia e tātou i mua ake nei. Ka mōhio ngā paturopi (ā tātou hōia) ki ēnei antigens, ā, ka herea ki a rātou. Ka herea ia paturopi ki tētahi antigen motuhake anake. Arā, ka uru ia kī ki tētahi raka motuhake anake. Ina herea he paturopi ki tētahi antigen, ka tukuna he tohu ki te toenga o te pūnaha ārai mate, e mea ana, "Anei te hoariri, whakangaromia inaianei."

Ahakoa he kotahi te pūmua, he maha ngā wāhi ka piri te paturopi, pērā i te kōhao kī o te honu. Ka kiia ēnei wāhi here motuhake he `(epitopes)`. Nō reira, ko ngā paturopi polyclonal i roto i ō toto, i roto rānei i ngā otinga kukū (`serums`) i hoatuhia mō te maimoatanga hauora, he kohinga o ngā paturopi rerekē. Ka taea e ia o ēnei paturopi te kite me te here ki ngā `(epitopes)` rerekē (ngā wāhi here rerekē) i runga i taua pūmua. Arā, he rite ki ētahi rōpū hōia rerekē e mahi tahi ana i te wā kotahi ki te hopu i te hoariri kotahi.

Whakaarohia, he hoariri nui tēnei. Ki te taea e koe te hopu i taua hoariri i te wāhi kotahi, engari i ngā wāhi maha i te wā kotahi, pērā i tōna ringa, waewae, upoko, me te kara, ka nui ake te tūponotanga ki te whakahaere me te whakakore i te hoariri. Koinei te mahi a ngā paturopi polyclonal. Mā ngā momo paturopi rerekē ('uri') ka hoatu he maha ngā whai wāhitanga ki te pūnaha ārai mate ki te kite, ki te whakaeke, me te hopu i ngā iroriki. Mā tēnei ka kaha ake ngā parepare o tō tātou tinana.

Hei aha tā tātou whakamahi i ngā paturopi polyclonal?

Ko ēnei paturopi polyclonal, e hangaia ana e tātou i roto i ō tātou tinana, e whakamahia ana hoki i roto i te rongoā mō ngā kaupapa nui maha. Me titiro tātou ki ēnei:

• Te tātaritanga mate: Tērā pea ētahi whakamātautau taiwhanga kua rongo koe, pērā i te whakamātautau ELISA me te whakamātautau Immunohistochemistry. Ka whakamahia e ēnei whakamātautau ngā paturopi polyclonal hei kite i ngā mate pipiri (hei tauira, te HIV, te hepatitis) me te mate pukupuku. Arā, ka taea e rātou te kite mēnā kei roto i te tauira toto he antigen e motuhake ana ki te mate.

• Rangahau pūtaiao: Ka whakamahia e ngā kairangahau ēnei paturopi polyclonal hei mārama ki te mahi a ō tātou tinana, te mahi a ngā pūtau rerekē, te pānga o ngā mate ki a tātou, me te kimi rongoā hou. He rite ēnei ki ngā taputapu e āwhina ana i ngā kaipūtaiao ki te "kite" i ngā mea e kore e kitea.

• Te rongoā, te ārai rānei i ngā mate pipiri me ētahi āhuatanga hauora:Ka taea e ngā paturopi polyclonal te rongoā, ā, i ētahi wā, ka ārai i ētahi horomanga nui o ngā rongoā, ngā ngau a te nakahi paitini, me ētahi mate e pā ana ki te toto.

He aha ngā maimoatanga e whakamahia ana me ngā paturopi polyclonal?

Kia tirohia ake ētahi o ngā maimoatanga e whakamahi ana i ngā paturopi polyclonal:

• Kei roto i ētahi ārai mate ngā paturopi maha-ira. Ka hangaia ēnei mā te werohanga i te iti o te paitini nakahi ki roto i ngā kararehe, pērā i ngā hōiho, kātahi ka purea ngā paturopi i hangaia e aua kararehe. Ina ngau te nakahi i a koe, ā, ka hoatu tēnei ārai mate ki a koe, ka haere ngā paturopi kei roto ka whakakore i te paitini nakahi.

• Plasma whakaora: Kua rongo pea koe i tēnei i te wā o te mate urutā COVID-19. I ngā wā o te pakarutanga mai o ētahi mate urutā kino, ka hoatu te plasma (te wāhanga wai o te toto) i tangohia mai i te toto o te hunga kua ora mai i taua mate ki ngā tūroro. Nā te mea kei roto i taua plasma ngā paturopi polyclonal kua hangaia e ō rātou tinana hei ārai i taua mate. Ina uru ēnei paturopi ki te tinana o te tūroro, ka āwhina rātou ki te whawhai i te mate.

• Digoxin immune fab: He kano ārai mate tēnei e hoatu ana mēnā ka nui rawa te rongoā mō te ngākau o te tangata, arā, te digoxin. Kei roto hoki i tēnei he paturopi polyclonal i hangaia hei ārai i te ngota digoxin.

• Ko te globulin ārai mate Rho(D): Ka kiia hoki tēnei ko te 'RhIG', ā, i ētahi wā ka tuhia ko te 'Rh 0 (D)'. Ka hoatu tēnei ki ngā whaea hapū he momo toto 'Rh-kino'. Ko te take o tēnei, mēnā he 'Rh-kino' te toto o te whaea, ā, he 'Rh-pai' te toto o te pēpi, ka taea e te tinana o te whaea te whakaputa paturopi hei ārai i te toto o te pēpi. Ahakoa kāore pea tēnei e pā ki te pēpi tuatahi, ina whānau mai he pēpi 'Rh-pai' tuarua, ka taea e aua paturopi te kino ki te pēpi. Ka kiia tēnei ko te '(Rhesus isoimmunization)' (Rhesus incompatibility). Koinei te ārai e hoatuhia ana ki te kano ārai mate 'Rho(D)'. Ka hoatu hoki hei rongoā mō te '(Chronic immune thrombocytopenia)', te '(ITP)' rānei, he āhuatanga e heke ai ngā pereti toto i roto i te toto.

He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā paturopi polyclonal me ngā paturopi monoclonal?

Āe, tera pea he pātai iti tāu. Tērā anō tētahi momo e kiia nei ko 'Monoclonal Antibodies', he aha te rerekētanga i waenganui i ēnei me ēnei polyclonal antibodies? He antibodies ngā mea e rua, ā, he antigens whainga. Engari he rerekētanga nui anō hoki.

Hei whakarāpopototanga:

• Ngā Paturopi Polyclonal: Nō ngā momo whakapapa pūtau-B rerekē ēnei. Nō reira , ka taea e rātou te kite me te here ki ngā `(epitopes)` (ngā pae here) rerekē i runga i te antigen kotahi. He rite ki tētahi tīma hōia he rerekē ngā pūkenga me ngā patu rerekē. Ka whakaekea e rātou te hoariri kotahi mai i ngā koki rerekē.

• Ngā Paturopi Monoclonal: He "tārua tika" ēnei o tētahi paturopi kotahi. Arā, he mea hanga ēnei e tētahi whakapapa pūtau-B kotahi. Nō reira, ka mōhio rātou, ka herea ki tētahi "epitope" kotahi anake. Pērā i ngā hōia kua tāruatia e whakamahi ana i te momo patu kotahi, ka whakaeke i tētahi ūnga anake.

Mō ngā take hauora, he maha ngā wā ka riro mai ngā paturopi polyclonal mai i te toto o ngā kararehe pērā i te rāpeti, te koati, me te hipi. I ētahi wā ka riro mai hoki i te tangata (hei tauira, te plasma o ngā tūroro kua ora). Ka riro tuatahitia ngā paturopi monoclonal mai i te toto o ngā kararehe, kātahi ka tāruatia i roto i te taiwhanga. I tēnei wā, he maha ake te whakamahinga o ngā paturopi monoclonal i ngā paturopi polyclonal i roto i ngā maimoatanga hauora, inā koa mō ngā mate pērā i te mate pukupuku, nā te mea he tino motuhake ake tā rātou arotahi.

He aha ngā painga o ngā paturopi polyclonal?

Nā, he aha ngā painga o ēnei paturopi polyclonal? He aha tātou ka whakamahi tonu ai i a rātou?

• He iti te utu hanga. He iti ake te utu ki te hanga i ēnei i te hanga i ngā paturopi monoclonal.
• Ka taea e tēnei te kite i ngā antigens i roto i tētahi tauira i ngā taumata tino iti, ahakoa kei reira i ngā taumata tino iti. Nā te mea ka mahi tahi ngā momo paturopi rerekē, ahakoa ka ngaro tētahi, he nui te tūponotanga ka mau tētahi atu.
• He teitei te kaha whānui ki te mōhio ki tētahi antigen. Nā te mea he maha ngā paturopi ka taea te here ki ngā "epitopes" rerekē, he teitei te tūponotanga ka mōhiotia he antigen, ahakoa he rerekē paku tōna āhua.

He aha ngā ngoikoretanga o reira?

He painga, he ngoikoretanga hoki ō ēnei paturopi polyclonal. He mea pai kia mōhio he aha rātou.

• Nā te mea nō te pūtake tūturu ēnei (he toto tangata, he toto kararehe rānei), kāore i te ōrite te kounga me te hanganga mai i tētahi puranga ki tētahi puranga, he rerekē ki ngā rongoā i hangaia i roto i te taiwhanga. Ko te tikanga tēnei he iti noa iho ngā rerekētanga i waenga i te ranunga paturopi i hangaia i tētahi wā me te ranunga i hangaia i tētahi atu wā. Nō reira, ka rerekē pea te whai huatanga.
• Mō ngā paturopi monoclonal, he nui ake te tūponotanga o te tauhohenga whakawhiti. Arā, he nui ake te tūponotanga ka herea te antigen ūnga ki tētahi atu antigen (tētahi kāore tātou e hiahia ana). Ka raru pea tēnei i roto i ngā whakamātautau, i ngā rangahau rānei. Hei tauira, ka puta pea ngā hua pai teka. Arā, ko te tangata kāore i te pāngia e te mate ka whiwhi i tētahi hua e āhua ana kei a ia te mate. Nō reira, ki te puta he hua pai, pērā i ngā mate pāwera kino, me mahi pea e ngā tākuta ētahi atu whakamātautau hei whakaū.
• Ina whakamahia ngā paturopi polyclonal mai i ngā kararehe mō te maimoatanga hauora, ka nui ake te mōrearea o ngā mate pāwera, ngā pānga taha rānei, nā te mea he tauhou ēnei pūmua kararehe ki ō tātou tinana.

Hei whakamutunga, ko ngā mea tino nui me maumahara koe

Nō reira, kua mārama pea koe ināianei he wāhanga tino nui o te pūnaha ārai mate o tō tātou tinana ngā paturopi polyclonal, ā, he mea nui hoki i roto i te pūtaiao hauora mō te rangahau, te tautuhi mate, me ētahi maimoatanga motuhake.

Ko te tikanga, ka whakamahia ēnei mō ngā whakamātautau rangahau me te tātaritanga. Heoi, ki te mea kei te hapu koe, ā, he momo toto Rh-kino tōu (mā tō tākuta tēnei e kōrero ki a koe), ki te mea he mate urutā nui tōu (pērā i te diphtheria), ki te mea kua ngaua koe e te nakahi, ki te mea rānei he mate tōu pērā i te chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), ka tukuna pea he maimoatanga kei roto ko ngā paturopi polyclonal.

Mena he pātai, he āwangawanga rānei āu mō tēnei mea, kaua e mangere ki te pātai atu ki tō tākuta, ki tō nēhi rānei. Mā rātou ēnei mea e whakamārama atu ki a koe me te taipitopito atu. Nā te mea ko te mōhio ki tō hauora me ngā maimoatanga e whiwhi ana koe tētahi o ngā mahi pai rawa atu hei pupuri i te hauora me te harikoa!

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` Ngā Paturopi Pōrokoro, Ngā Paturopi, Pūnaha Ārai Mate, Paturopi, Epitop, Tātaritanga, Maimoatanga Hauora