Ka kite koe i ngā mea ataahua o tēnei ao, ka mōhio ki ngā mata o ō hoa aroha, ka pānui pukapuka ki ō kanohi, tika? He mea hanga whakamiharo ō tātou kanohi. Pērā i te kāmera hangarau teitei. Nō reira, kei roto i tēnei kāmera, he kiriata e huri ana i te mārama hei ahua, he pūoko rānei i roto i ngā kāmera hou. I roto i te rongoā, ka kiia tēnei ko te retina . I tēnei rā, kia ako tātou mō tēnei merekara iti he mea nui ki tō tirohanga.
He aha te retina?
He paparanga kikokore, he tino tairongo te retina o ngā pūtau io kei muri o tō karu kanohi. Ina titiro koe ki tētahi mea, ka uru te mārama mai i taua mea ki roto i tō kanohi ka taka tika ki runga i tēnei retina.
Whakaarohia kei te titiro koe ki tētahi putiputi ataahua. Ka whiti ngā hihi mārama e whakaatahia ana mai i te putiputi mā roto i te karāhe o tō kanohi, ā, ka arotahi ki te retina. Kātahi ka puta he mea whakamiharo. Ka hurihia e ngā pūtau motuhake i roto i te retina (e kiia ana ēnei he photoreceptors ) tēnei mārama hei tohu hiko io. Pērā i te pūoko kāmera e huri ana i te mārama hei raraunga matihiko.
Kātahi ka haere tika atu ēnei tohu io ki te roro mā roto i tētahi io motuhake e kiia nei ko te io whatu. Ka tātarihia e te roro ēnei tohu, ka mea atu ki a koe, "Āe... he rōhi whero tēnei." Ka puta katoa tēnei tukanga i roto i te kimo o te kanohi. He mea whakamiharo?
Ara, he rite te retina ki tētahi piriti tino nui i waenganui i te kanohi me te roro. Mēnā ka pakaru noa iho tēnei piriti, ka rerekē pea te tirohanga a te tangata, ka puta he ira pango i roto i te tirohanga, ka ngaro katoa rānei te tirohanga.
He aha ngā wāhanga matua e rua o te retina?
E rua ngā wāhanga matua o tō tātou retina. He rerekē ngā mahi a ia wāhanga e rua.
1. Macula: Koinei te wāhanga iti o te retina i waenganui e whakarato ana i te tirohanga koi rawa atu. Mā te macula koe e āwhina ki te mahi i ngā mea pai pēnei i te pānui pukapuka mārama, te mōhio ki ngā āhua o te kanohi, te taraiwa motuka, me te miro i te ngira. He mea tino nui hoki tēnei wāhanga mō te kite mārama i ngā tae.
2. Retina Ā-Takiwā: Koinei te mea e kīia nei e tātou ko te wāhi nui e karapoti ana i te macula. Mā tēnei wāhanga ka kitea e tātou te tirohanga ā-takiwā. Whakaarohia kei te hikoi koe i te tiriti me te titiro tika ki mua. Ka taea e koe te kite mārama i te tangata kei mua i a koe nā te macula. I taua wā anō, kāore e kitea he pahi, he pahikara rānei e haere mai ana i te taha. Ko taua tirohanga ā-takiwā e whakaratohia ana e te retina ā-takiwā. Koinei anō hoki te wāhanga e āwhina ana i a koe ki te kite i ngā mea i te pōuri.
Ngā mate me ngā āhuatanga noa e pā ana ki te retina
Engari, he maha ngā mate ka kino pea ki tō tātou retina utu nui. Ko ētahi o ēnei ka arahi pea ki te ngaronga o te tirohanga tuturu mena kāore e rongoatia wawetia. Nō reira he mea nui kia mōhio ki tēnei.
| Āhuatanga hauora | He whakamārama māmā |
|---|---|
| Te ngoikore o te macular e pā ana ki te koroheketanga | Ka pōuri te tirohanga matua (te tirohanga ina titiro tika whakamua) i te ngoikore haere o te macula i te kaumātuatanga. |
| Retinopathy e pā ana ki te mate huka | Ka pakaru ngā oko toto i roto i te retina i te mate huka. He tino take tēnei o te ngaronga o te tirohanga. |
| Te Retinopathy Hypertensive (he mate kanohi nā te toto toto tiketike) | Te pakaru o ngā oko toto i roto i te retina nā te toto toto tiketike kāore i te taea te whakahaere. |
| Ngā Wehenga me ngā Roimata o te Retina | Ka wehe te retina i te kiko o raro. He āhuatanga ohorere hauora tēnei. |
| Pūwero o te Mata / Pūwero o te Mata | Te tirohanga hē (pērā i te kitenga i ngā rārangi tika) nā te mea he kōhao iti, he kita rānei i roto i te macula. |
| Te Toto o te Retina - Te Toto | Ka pakaru, ka toto hoki ngā oko toto o te retina mō ngā take maha. |
| Te Ārai o te Uaua/Atere Retina | Te aukati i te uaua toto e tuku toto ana ki te kanohi. Ka kiia hoki tēnei he "whiu kanohi". |
| Te Retinitis Pigmentosa | He mate tuku iho e ngoikore haere ai te tirohanga i roto i te wā. |
| Te Retinopati o te Rā | Mā te titiro tika ki te rā me te kore he parenga ka pā kino ki te retina. |
| Ngā Matepukupuku Kanohi | Hei tauira, ko te retinoblastoma, e pā ana ki ngā tamariki nohinohi. |
He aha ngā tohu e tohu ana i tētahi raruraru o te retina?
Ki te kite koe i ētahi panonitanga ki ō kanohi, ki ō tirohanga rānei, kaua e warewaretia. Ki te pā mai tētahi, ētahi rānei o ēnei tohu e whai ake nei, me toro atu ki te tākuta, inā koa ki te tākuta kanohi, i te wā e taea ai.
| Tohu | Whakamārama |
|---|---|
| Te tirohanga pōuri, te tirohanga hē rānei | Kāore e mārama te kite i ngā mea, e kite ana i ngā rārangi tika. |
| Te Tirohanga o te Kauhanga | He rite ki te titiro mā roto i tētahi ngongo, ā, ka ngaro haere ngā taha e rua o te tirohanga. |
| Ngā Karu Whakarewa | Kei te ahua kei te mānu haere ngā mea pēnei i te tukutuku pungawerewere, ngā ira, ngā rārangi rānei i mua i ō kanohi. Kia āwangawanga koe, ina koa mēnā ka piki haere ohorere ēnei . |
| Ngā Kikorangi Kanohi | Te kite i te mārama i te kokonga o tō kanohi, pērā i te uira e whiti ana, i te rama rānei o te kāmera. |
| Ngā Wāhi Matapo / Ārai | Ka ngaro atu ētahi wāhanga o te mea e tirohia ana e koe, ka puta rānei te ahua me te mea he mata pango kei te taka ki mua i ō kanohi. |
| Tirohanga Takirua | Kotahi te mea e puta mai ana hei mea e rua. |
| Te uaua ki te titiro ki te mārama (Te aro ki te mārama) | Ahakoa te mārama noa, e kore e taea e ngā kanohi te aro atu. |
Me pēhea te tirotiro a te tākuta i te retina?
Ina kite koe i tētahi tākuta kanohi, ka whakamahia e ia ngā tikanga maha hei tirotiro i tō retina.
- Whakawhanui: Ka tāpirihia e tō tākuta ētahi pata rongoā ki roto i tō kanohi hei whakawhanui i tō karu kia mārama ai tō tirohanga ki te retina . Tērā pea ka pōuriuri tō tirohanga mō ētahi haora i muri mai.
- Whakamātautau Rama Kutikuti: Ka whakamahia he karu hiko motuhake me te mārama hei tirotiro i te taha mua katoa o te kanohi, mai i te tuara ki te retina.
- Fundoscopy / Ophthalmoscopy: He taputapu ringaringa e whiti ana te mārama ki roto i te kanohi hei tirotiro i te retina, te io whatu, me ngā uaua toto.
- Whakaahua Fundus: Ka tangohia e te kāmera motuhake ngā pikitia tino kounga o te retina. He mea tino nui tēnei mō te aroturuki i ngā āhuatanga o te mate.
Me pēhea tātou e tiaki ai i tō tātou retina?
Kāore mātou e kī noa ana "tiakina ō kanohi pērā i ngā kanohi e rua". Nō reira, kia mahara ki te mahi i ēnei mea hei pupuri i te hauora o ō retina, e tiaki ana i tō tirohanga.
- Tirohia ō kanohi i ia wā: Ahakoa he mōhiti ōu, me tirotiro ō kanohi e te tākuta kanohi i te iti rawa kotahi, e rua rānei i te tau .
- Mena he mate huka, he toto toto tiketike rānei tōu: Nā te mea ka pā tika ēnei mate ki ngā kanohi, he mea nui kia tirohia ō kanohi kotahi i te tau . Whakahaerehia tō mate kia rite ki ngā tohutohu a tō tākuta.
- Kia pai te kai: He tino pai ngā kai e whai kiko ana i ngā huaora A, C, E, me te konutea mō ngā kanohi. Tāpirihia ngā huawhenua matomato (pīnihi, kāreti), ngā kāreti, ngā kūmara, ngā karaka, me ngā ika ki roto i tāu kai.
- Kia mau ki te taumaha hauora: Mā te whakahaere i te taumaha tinana ka āwhina i te tiaki i ngā mate pēnei i te mate huka me te toto toto tiketike.
- Tiakina ō kanohi mai i te rā: Mauria ngā mōhiti kanohi pai hei tiaki i a koe mai i ngā hihi UV ina haere koe ki waho. Kaua e titiro tika ki te rā.
- Mauria ngā mōhiti haumaru: Kia mau koe i ngā mōhiti haumaru i ngā wā e tūpono ai te mōrearea ki ō kanohi, pērā i te tākaro hākinakina, te whakarewa, te mahi rānei me ngā mīhini.
- Kaua e warewarehia ngā panonitanga o tō tirohanga: Ahakoa kei te pōuri haere tō tirohanga, kaua e whakaaro he tohu kaumātuatanga noa iho. Tirohia he tākuta kia kitea ai te take.
Ngā āhuatanga ina hiahia koe ki te toro atu ki te tākuta!
He mea tino nui tēnei. Mēnā ka pāngia koe e tētahi o ēnei e whai ake nei, kaua e moumou taima , engari me haere ki te Wāhanga Maimoatanga Ohotata (ETU) o te hōhipera tata rawa atu . Tērā pea he tohu ēnei o tētahi āhuatanga ohorere, pērā i te motumotu o te retina. Mā te maimoatanga wawe ka ora ai tō tirohanga.
Ki te ngaro whakarere tō tirohanga, ki te tīmata ohorere koe ki te kite i ngā ira pango maha e rere ana i mua i ō kanohi, ki te kite tonu koe i ngā hihi mārama pērā i te uira, ki te rongo rānei koe kei te taka mai he ārai pango ki mua i ō kanohi, haere tonu ki te hōhipera.
Mā te kore aro ki ēnei tohu ka arahi pea ki te matapo tuturu. Nō reira kaua e mataku, kaua hoki e mataku, me rapu tohutohu hauora i te wā e taea ai.
Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga
- Ko te retina te wāhanga tino nui o te kanohi, kei muri o te kanohi, e huri ana i te mārama hei tohu io, ka tukuna atu ki te roro. He rite ki te pūoko i roto i te kāmera.
- Ka mārama, ka koi anake tō tirohanga mēnā he hauora tō retina.
- He mate kino te mate huka me te toto toto tiketike ki te retina. Mena kei a koe ēnei mate, he mea nui kia tirohia ō kanohi i te iti rawa kotahi i te tau.
- Ki te pā mai ngā tohu pēnei i te ira pango e rere ana i mua i ō kanohi, te kanapa o te mārama, te mata pango rānei e taupokina ana tetahi wāhanga o tō tirohanga, he āhuatanga ohorere tēnā. Haere tonu ki te Tari Ohorere o te hōhipera (ETU).
- Kaua e warewarehia ngā panonitanga o tō tirohanga, ahakoa he āta haere. Tirohia he tākuta kanohi mō ētahi tohutohu. Kei roto i ō ringaringa te tiaki i tō tirohanga utu nui.
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